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Hnamte L, Vanlallawmzuali, Kumar A, Yadav MK, Zothanpuia, Singh PK. An updated view of bacterial endophytes as antimicrobial agents against plant and human pathogens. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 7:100241. [PMID: 39091295 PMCID: PMC11292266 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes are a crucial component of the phytomicrobiome, playing an essential role in agriculture and industries. Endophytes are a rich source of bioactive compounds, serving as natural antibiotics that can be effective in combating antibiotic resistance in pathogens. These bacteria interact with host plants through various processes such as quorum sensing, chemotaxis, antibiosis, and enzymatic activity. The current paper focuses on how plants benefit extensively from endophytic bacteria and their symbiotic relationship in which the microbes enhance plant growth, nitrogen fixation, increase nutrient uptake, improve defense mechanisms, and act as antimicrobial agents against pathogens. Moreover, it highlights some of the bioactive compounds produced by endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalhmangaihmawia Hnamte
- Department of Biotechnology/Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College (A Constituent College of Mizoram University), Aizawl-796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Vanlallawmzuali
- Department of Biotechnology/Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College (A Constituent College of Mizoram University), Aizawl-796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida-201313, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Zothanpuia
- Department of Biotechnology/Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College (A Constituent College of Mizoram University), Aizawl-796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology/Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College (A Constituent College of Mizoram University), Aizawl-796001, Mizoram, India
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Rutkowska N, Drożdżyński P, Ryngajłło M, Marchut-Mikołajczyk O. Plants as the Extended Phenotype of Endophytes-The Actual Source of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10096. [PMID: 37373241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, plants have been used for their medicinal properties. The industrial production of plant-beneficial compounds is facing many drawbacks, such as seasonal dependence and troublesome extraction and purification processes, which have led to many species being on the edge of extinction. As the demand for compounds applicable to, e.g., cancer treatment, is still growing, there is a need to develop sustainable production processes. The industrial potential of the endophytic microorganisms residing within plant tissues is undeniable, as they are often able to produce, in vitro, similar to or even the same compounds as their hosts. The peculiar conditions of the endophytic lifestyle raise questions about the molecular background of the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds in planta, and the actual producer, whether it is the plant itself or its residents. Extending this knowledge is crucial to overcoming the current limitations in the implementation of endophytes for larger-scale production. In this review, we focus on the possible routes of the synthesis of host-specific compounds in planta by their endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rutkowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Drożdżyński
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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Ogbe AA, Gupta S, Stirk WA, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Growth-Promoting Characteristics of Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes Isolated from a Drought-Tolerant Mint Species Endostemon obtusifolius (E. Mey. ex Benth.) N. E. Br. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030638. [PMID: 36771720 PMCID: PMC9921005 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are primarily endosymbiotic bacteria and fungi that colonize the interior tissues of their host plant. They enhance the host plant's growth and attenuate adverse effects of biological stress. Endophytic species of many indigenous plants are an untapped resource of plant growth-promoting microorganisms that can mitigate abiotic stress effects. Thus, this study aimed to isolate endophytes from the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Endostemon obtusifolius to evaluate their in vitro growth-promoting capacities and drought tolerance and to characterize the most promising species. Twenty-six endophytes (fourteen bacteria and twelve fungi) were isolated and cultured from the roots and leaves of E. obtusifolius. All 26 endophytes produced flavonoids, and 14 strains produced phenolic compounds. Of the 11 strains that displayed good free radical scavenging capability (low IC50) in the 1-1-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, only three strains could not survive the highest drought stress treatment (40% polyethylene glycol). These 11 strains were all positive for ammonia and siderophore production and only one strain failed to produce hydrogen cyanide and solubilize phosphate. Seven isolates showed aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and differentially synthesized indole-3-acetic acid. Using molecular tools, two promising symbiotic, drought stress tolerant, and plant growth-enhancing endophytic species (EORB-2 and EOLF-5) were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Fusarium oxysporum. The results of this study demonstrate that P. polymyxa and F. oxysporum should be further investigated for their drought stress mitigation and plant growth enhancement effects as they have the potential to be developed for use in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulazeez A. Ogbe
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Department of Botany, Lagos State University, Km 15, Badagry Expressway, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, P.O. Box 0001, Lagos 102101, Nigeria
| | - Shubhpriya Gupta
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Wendy A. Stirk
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey F. Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Kandasamy GD, Kathirvel P. Insights into bacterial endophytic diversity and isolation with a focus on their potential applications –A review. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Microbial endophytes: application towards sustainable agriculture and food security. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5359-5384. [PMID: 35902410 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial endophytes are ubiquitous and exist in each recognised plant species reported till date. Within the host plant, the entire community of microbes lives non-invasively within the active internal tissues without causing any harm to the plant. Endophytes interact with their host plant via metabolic communication enables them to generate signal molecules. In addition, the host plant's genetic recombination with endophytes helps them to imitate the host's physicochemical functions and develop identical active molecules. Therefore, when cultured separately, they begin producing the host plant phytochemicals. The fungal species Penicillium chrysogenum has portrayed the glory days of antibiotics with the invention of the antibiotic penicillin. Therefore, fungi have substantially supported social health by developing many bioactive molecules utilised as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anticancerous agents. But plant-related microbes have emanated as fountainheads of biologically functional compounds with higher levels of medicinal perspective in recent years. Researchers have been motivated by the endless need for potent drugs to investigate alternate ways to find new endophytes and bioactive molecules, which tend to be a probable aim for drug discovery. The current research trends with these promising endophytic organisms are reviewed in this review paper. KEY POINTS: • Identified 54 important bioactive compounds as agricultural relevance • Role of genome mining of endophytes and "Multi-Omics" tools in sustainable agriculture • A thorough description and graphical presentation of agricultural significance of plant endophytes.
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Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. Meta-omics of endophytic microbes in agricultural biotechnology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical qualitative analysis of Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. Mey. HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. Mey of the Ephedraceae family is an evergreen shrub distributed throughout North Africa and Southwest Asia. It has been a characteristic source of alkaloids like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and other related mixes, which are of great importance for their biological and pharmacological potential.
Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical constituents studies on stem, leaves and flowers extracts of E. foliata.
Method: The air-dried plant sample was powdered with an electric grinder, then extracted successively with solvents, namely petroleum ether, petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous using Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours. The solid matter was separated by filtration and then solvents were evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator to obtain the crude extracts. Freshly prepared crude extracts were subjected to the standard procedures of preliminary phytochemical screening for the investigation of the presence or absence of different phytoconstituents. The result showed the presence of reducing sugars, flavonoids, and cardiac glycosides. Antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was determined by agar well diffusion method.
Results: Ethyl acetate extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Streptococcus pneumonia, Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium herbarum and Candida tropicalis). All five extracts inhibited the growth of Y. enterocolitica.
Conclusion: The antimicrobial properties of E. foliata extracts are of great interest in light of the ongoing threat of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Phytoconstituents present in the E. foliata extracts might be a good alternative to modern antimicrobials as a natural compound.
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Li H, Shi H, Xu P, Yu D. Metabolomics and microbiome reveal potential root microbiota affecting the alkaloidal metabolome in Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:70. [PMID: 35264111 PMCID: PMC8905797 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plant microbiome is vital for plant health, fitness, and productivity. Interestingly, plant metabolites and the plant microbiome can influence each other. The combination of metabolomics and microbiome may reveal the critical links between the plant and its microbiome. It is of great significance to agricultural production and human health, especially for Chinese medicine research. Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom. is a herb with alkaloid activities, and its roots are the raw material for some Chinese medicines. Former studies have investigated alkaloidal metabolites and antibacterial activities of endophytes in A. vilmorinianum roots. However, there are limited reports on the root microbiota that can influence the alkaloidal metabolome of A. vilmorinianum. Results This research used ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology and high-throughput sequencing to examine the alkaloidal metabolome, bacterial microbiota, and fungal microbiota in A. vilmorinianum roots at two different sites in China. The results revealed that the samples from the two sites were rich in distinct alkaloidal metabolites and recruited significantly different root microbiota. Based on bioinformatics analysis, we found the potential bacterial and fungal microbiota impacting the alkaloidal metabolome in A. vilmorinianum. Conclusion Our findings reveal the composition of the alkaloidal metabolome, bacterial root microbiota, and fungal root microbiota in A. vilmorinianum roots at two different sites. Potential root microbiota that can influence the alkaloidal metabolome of A. vilmorinianum are indicated. This study provides a strategy for the cultivation and research of A. vilmorinianum and other Chinese herbs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02486-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongdi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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Wu W, Chen W, Liu S, Wu J, Zhu Y, Qin L, Zhu B. Beneficial Relationships Between Endophytic Bacteria and Medicinal Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646146. [PMID: 33968103 PMCID: PMC8100581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants benefit extensively from endophytic bacteria, which live in host plant tissues exerting no harmful effects. Bacterial endophytes promote the growth of host plants and enhance their resistance toward various pathogens and environmental stresses. They can also regulate the synthesis of secondary metabolites with significant medicinal properties and produce various biological effects. This review summarizes recent studies on the relationships between bacterial endophytes and medicinal plants. Endophytic bacteria have numerous applications in agriculture, medicine, and other industries: improving plant growth, promoting resistance toward both biotic and abiotic stresses, and producing metabolites with medicinal potential. Their distribution and population structure are affected by their host plant's genetic characteristics and health and by the ecology of the surrounding environment. Understanding bacterial endophytes can help us use them more effectively and apply them to medicinal plants to improve yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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