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Dong L, Lee JH, Jo EH, Lee JS, Kim SH, Lee DS, Park MC. Effects of Varying Ratios of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Donkey Hide Gelatin Water Extracts on Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2094. [PMID: 37432237 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease that affects millions of people all over the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) and Donkey Hide Gelatin (DHG) water extracts on DNCB-induced NC/Nga mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ treated keratinocytes or LPS-stimulated macrophages. The combined treatment using the water extracts of GU and DHG improved the skin symptom evaluation score and skin histology, with increased expression of the skin barrier proteins Claudin 1 and Sirt 1 in lesion areas. The IFN-γ activity was promoted in PBMCs, ALN, and dorsal skin tissue, while the absolute cell number was reduced for T cells so that the production and expression of serum IgE and cytokines were suppressed. In TNF-α/IFN-γ induced HaCaT cells, IL-6, IL-8, MDC, and RANTES were all inhibited by GU and DHG water extracts, while ICAM-1 and COX-2 levels were similarly downregulated. In addition, GU and DHG water extracts decreased LPS-mediated nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 in RAW 264.7 cells, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 also decreased. Notably, the DHG:GU ratio of 4:1 was shown to have the best effects of all ratios. In conclusion, GU and DHG have anti-skin inflammatory potentials that can be used as alternative ingredients in the formula of functional foods for people with atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Heui Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Lee
- Director of R & D Institute, Haewon Biotech Inc., Yongin 59143, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Xia Z, Che X, Ye L, Zhao N, Guo D, Peng Y, Lin Y, Liu X. A Synergetic Strategy for Brand Characterization of Colla Corii Asini (Ejiao) by LIBS and NIR Combined with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041778. [PMID: 36838765 PMCID: PMC9965801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A synergetic strategy was proposed to address the critical issue in the brand characterization of Colla corii asini (Ejiao, CCA), a precious traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In all brands of CCA, Dong'e Ejiao (DEEJ) is an intangible cultural heritage resource. Seventy-eight CCA samples (including forty DEEJ samples and thirty-eight samples from other different manufacturers) were detected by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built first considering individual techniques separately, and then fusing LIBS and NIR data at low-level. The statistical parameters including classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to evaluate the PLS-DA model performance. The results demonstrated that two individual techniques show good classification performance, especially the NIR. The PLS-DA model with single NIR spectra pretreated by the multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) method was preferred as excellent discrimination. Though individual spectroscopic data obtained good classification performance. A data fusion strategy was also attempted to merge atomic and molecular information of CCA. Compared to a single data block, data fusion models with SNV and MSC pretreatment exhibited good predictive power with no misclassification. This study may provide a novel perspective to employ a comprehensive analytical approach to brand discrimination of CCA. The synergetic strategy based on LIBS together with NIR offers atomic and molecular information of CCA, which could be exemplary for future research on the rapid discrimination of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xia
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoqing Che
- Shandong Runzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yantai 256603, China
| | - Lei Ye
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Dongxiao Guo
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yanfang Peng
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yongqiang Lin
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, Jinan 250101, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaona Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.L.)
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3
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GC-IMS-Based Preliminary Analysis of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Ejiao at Different Processing Stages. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3961593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find out the changes of flavor substances in the processing of Colla corii asini (Ejiao) and provide reference for the flavor and quality control in the production of Ejiao, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was used to analyze the Ejiao products in different processing stages and establish the fingerprint. The differences among these stages were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis, and the mechanism underlying volatile flavor compound formation was explored by discriminant analysis of Ejiao at different processing stages. The results indicated that Ejiao contains 47 volatile flavor compounds at different processing stages; they mainly include aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, dimethyl disulfide, thiazole, and pyrazines. During Ejiao processing, the formation of these substances is mainly attributable to the Maillard reaction, amino acid or protein-oxidized lipid interaction, lipid oxidation and degradation, and long-chain compound degradation during heating. Principal component analysis results showed that volatile flavor compounds could be used to distinguish different Ejiao processing stages. The current results provide some reference for flavor and quality control of Ejiao products.
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Zhang G, Guo F, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Chen J, Zheng Z, He Z. The immune-enhancing effect and in vitro antioxidant ability of different fractions separated from Colla corii asini. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14174. [PMID: 35415887 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Colla corii asini (CCA) was fractionated into three fractions with different molecular weights using ultracentrifugation equipment. Components with a molecular weight of >10 kDa in F1 accounted for 81.90%, whereas that in F2 and F3 was 15.63% and 0.94%, respectively. The immunomodulatory activity of CCA fractions was investigated using RAW264.7 cell model and their antioxidant abilities were evaluated by 2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results indicated that RAW264.7 cells treated with F1 released the highest level of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The ABTS and FRAP value of F1 were 65.81% and 29.33 μM TE/L, respectively, which were 22.53%, 128.44% and 43.72%, 132.16% higher than that of F2 and F3, respectively. These results suggested that components with a molecular weight of >10 kDa in CCA had stronger immunomodulatory and antioxidant ability, which would help develop the health food based on CCA. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Colla corii asini (CCA) is a famous protein-based traditional Chinese medicine and nutritional supplement. During the processing of CCA, the molecular weight (MW) of CCA collagen components changed dynamically due to the protein aggregation, degradation, and the Maillard reaction. Some studies have shown that the MW distribution of CCA was not uniform. However, the MW range of CCA components which has strong antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity is still not clear, and few studies have reported the mechanism of CCA's immunomodulatory activity and active ingredients. Therefore, it is important to figure out the characteristics of CCA components with stronger immunomodulatory and antioxidant ability, such as the MW distribution and chemical composition of CCA fractions. And this study will be great for the processing of CCA products which has better biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengxian Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zongping Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Lee JH, Dong L, Noh HM, Park SG, Kim SH, Jo EH, Lee DS, Park MC. Inhibitory Effects of Donkey Hide Gelatin on DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896450. [PMID: 35694270 PMCID: PMC9178178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of atopic dermatitis has led to higher socio-economic cost and raised a need for alternative medicine as novel therapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Donkey Hide Gelatin (DHG) water extract on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice and on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-treated keratinocytes and to investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms. NC/Nga mice were induced by DNCB, administered Dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) or DHG water extracts (100–400 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. The skin symptom score, serum IgE and immune cells were measured, the ALN, spleen and dorsal skin tissue were extracted for FACS, quantitative real-time PCR and histology analysis. In vitro, HaCaT cells were induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and its underlying mechanism were measured by ELISA and Western blot. As a result, DHG groups showed a significant decrease in the skin symptom score and the immune cell absolute number. It also showed a marked reduction of allergic and the levels of neutrophils and eosinophils in histology analysis. In TNF-α/IFN-γ induced HaCaT cells, DHG showed inhibition effects on IL-6, IL-8, TARC and RANTES, it also downregulated the expression of ICAM-1 and COX-2, up-regulated the expression of Filaggrin. Furthermore, DHG suppressed the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ. Taken together, DHG maybe a potential therapeutic agent or supplement for skin inflammatory disease such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangjuu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Min Noh
- Weedahm Korean Medicine Hospital, Gangnam, South Korea
| | - Sung-Gu Park
- ResamKorean Medicine Hospital, Gangnam, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Heui Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Heui Jo, ; Dong-Sung Lee, ; Min Cheol Park,
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangjuu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Heui Jo, ; Dong-Sung Lee, ; Min Cheol Park,
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Heui Jo, ; Dong-Sung Lee, ; Min Cheol Park,
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Zhang L, Xu Z, Jiang T, Zhang J, Huang P, Tan J, Chen G, Yuan M, Li Z, Liu H, Gao D, Xiao L, Feng H, Xu J, Xu H. Efficacy and Safety of Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla) in Women With Blood Deficient Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:718154. [PMID: 34707496 PMCID: PMC8542698 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.718154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Equus asinus L [Equidae; Asini Corii Colla] (donkey-hide gelatin, Ejiao), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to nourish the blood, especially for women. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Ejiao in blood-deficient patients. A total of 210 participants were recruited and randomly allocated into the placebo control group and Ejiao-treated group (6 g/day). The primary outcomes on the efficacy of Ejiao included traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, blood indicators, and SF-36. The secondary outcomes were changes in fireness and safety evaluation. Results showed that Ejiao treatment for 8 weeks had significantly improved dizziness symptoms. Among the tested 24 blood biochemical parameters, the hematocrit and red blood cell numbers decreased in the placebo control group, but decreased significantly less in the Ejiao treatment group. The white blood cell and neutrophil counts increased in the Ejiao group but were within the normal range. In addition, the quality of life improved as the scores in SF-36 domains were significantly higher in the Ejiao group. At the same time, there was no significant change in the fire–heat symptoms score or other safety parameters. Considering all these, our study showed that Ejiao has a promising effect in women suffering from blood deficiency without obvious adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongju Xu
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinxian Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatuo Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Wu Y, Qiu Z, Ren B, Sui F. Systematic investigation for the mechanisms and the substance basis of Yang-Xin-Ding-Ji capsule based on the metabolite profile and network pharmacology. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5202. [PMID: 34145910 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Because traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a complex mixture of multiple components, the application of methodologies for evaluating single-component Western medicine in TCM studies may have certain limitations. Appropriate strategies that recognize the integrality of TCM and connect to TCM theories remain to be developed. Yang-Xin-Ding-Ji (YXDJ) capsule is originally from a classical TCM formula used for the treatment of arrhythmia. In this study, we used UPLC-Q-TOF-MS detection method, coupled with the metabolic research and network pharmacology analysis, to study the scientific connotation of the YXDJ capsule. A total of 33 absorbed constituents and 23 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized in dosed plasma and urine, and the possible metabolic pathways were mainly methylation, oxidation, sulfation, glucuronidation, and deglucosylation. We optimized the conventional process ways of network pharmacology by collecting targets based on absorbed constituents into the blood. The constituents-target disease and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes pathway analysis revealed that 24 absorbed constituents, 32 target genes, and 10 key pathways were probably related to the efficacy of the YXDJ capsule against arrhythmia. The results provided a scientific basis for understanding the bioactive compounds and the pharmacological mechanism of the YXDJ capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingnan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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