1
|
Rehm M, Krummheuer AL. When a notification at the right time is not enough: the reminding process for socially assistive robots in institutional care. Front Robot AI 2024; 11:1369438. [PMID: 38751575 PMCID: PMC11094262 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1369438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Reminding is often identified as a central function of socially assistive robots in the healthcare sector. The robotic reminders are supposed to help people with memory impairments to remember to take their medicine, to drink and eat, or to attend appointments. Such standalone reminding technologies can, however, be too demanding for people with memory injuries. In a co-creation process, we developed an individual reminder robot together with a person with traumatic brain injury and her care personnel. During this process, we learned that while current research describe reminding as a prototypical task for socially assistive robots, there is no clear definition of what constitutes a reminder nor that it is based on complex sequences of interactions that evolve over time and space, across different actions, actors and technologies. Based on our data from the co-creation process and the first deployment, we argue for a shift towards a sequential and socially distributed character of reminding. Understanding socially assistive robots as rehabilitative tools for people with memory impairment, they need to be reconsidered as interconnected elements in institutional care practices instead of isolated events for the remindee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rehm
- Technical Faculty of IT and Design, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kokorelias KM, Grigorovich A, Harris MT, Rehman U, Ritchie L, Levy A, Denecke K, McMurray J. Coadaptation Between Smart Technologies and Older Adults Over Time: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e51129. [PMID: 37812466 PMCID: PMC10594133 DOI: 10.2196/51129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant attention due to advancements in technology and has potential applications in meeting the needs of an aging population. Smart technologies, a subset of IoT, can support older adults in aging in place, promoting independent living and improving their quality of life. However, there is a lack of research on how older adults and smart technologies coadapt over time to maximize their benefits and sustain adoption. OBJECTIVE We will aim to comprehensively review and analyze the existing scientific literature pertaining to the coadaptation between smart technologies and older adults. The primary focus will be to investigate the extent and nature of this coadaptation process and explore how older adults and technology coevolve over time to enhance older adults' experience with technology. METHODS This scoping review will follow the methodology outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual and adhere to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines for reporting. Peer-reviewed articles will be searched in databases like Ovid MEDLINE, OVID Embase, PEDro, OVID PsycINFO, EBSCO CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus. The research team will create a data extraction form covering study characteristics, participant characteristics, underlying models and frameworks, research findings, implications for technology coadaptation, and any identified study limitations. A directed content analysis approach will be used, incorporating the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation framework and Sex- and Gender-Based Analysis Plus theoretical framework. RESULTS The results of this study are expected in January 2024. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review endeavors to present a thorough overview of the available evidence concerning how smart technologies interact with older adults over an extended period. The insights gained from this review will lay the groundwork for a research program that explores how older adults adapt to and use smart technologies throughout their lives, ultimately leading to improved user satisfaction and experience and facilitating aging in place with tailored support and user-centered design principles. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/51129.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Marie Kokorelias
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- National Institute on Ageing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alisa Grigorovich
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Recreation and Leisure Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Maurita T Harris
- User Experience Design, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Umair Rehman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Ritchie
- Alzheimer Scotland Centre for Policy and Practice, University of West Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - AnneMarie Levy
- Lazaridis School of Business & Economics/Community Health, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kerstin Denecke
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Josephine McMurray
- Lazaridis School of Business & Economics/Community Health, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fasoli A, Beretta G, Pravettoni G, Sanchini V. Mapping emerging technologies in aged care: results from an in-depth online research. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:528. [PMID: 37221528 PMCID: PMC10204691 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging Technologies (ETs) have recently acquired great relevance in elderly care. The exceptional experience with SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emphasized the usefulness of ETs in the assistance and remote monitoring of older adults. Technological devices have also contributed to the preservation of social interactions, thus reducing isolation and loneliness. The general purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the technologies currently employed in elderly care. This objective was achieved firstly, by mapping and classifying the ETs currently available on the market and, secondly, by assessing the impact of such ETs on elderly care, exploring the ethical values promoted, as well as potential ethical threats. METHODS An in-depth search was carried out on Google search engine, by using specific keywords (e.g. technology, monitoring techniques, ambient intelligence; elderly, older adults; care and assistance). Three hundred and twenty-eight technologies were originally identified. Then, based on a predetermined set of inclusion-exclusion criteria, two hundreds and twenty-two technologies were selected. RESULTS A comprehensive database was elaborated, where the two hundred and twenty-two ETs selected were classified as follows: category; developmental stage; companies and/or partners; functions; location of development; time of development; impact on elderly care; target; website. From an in-depth qualitative analysis, some ethically-related contents and themes emerged, namely: questions related to safety, independence and active aging, connectedness, empowerment and dignity, cost and efficiency. Although not reported by developers, a close analysis of website contents highlights that positive values are often associated with potential risks, notably privacy threats, deception, dehumanization of care. CONCLUSIONS Research findings may ultimately lead to a better understanding of the impact of ETs on elderly people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara Fasoli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, MI, Italy
| | - Giorgia Beretta
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, MI, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, MI, Italy
- Psycho-Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, 20141, MI, Italy
| | - Virginia Sanchini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, MI, Italy.
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan NC, Yusoff Y, Koot D, Lau QC, Lim H, Hui TF, Cher HY, Tan PYA, Koh YLE. Introducing a healthcare-assistive robot in primary care: a preliminary questionnaire survey. Front Robot AI 2023; 10:1123153. [PMID: 37251354 PMCID: PMC10213896 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1123153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A Healthcare-assistive Infection-control RObot (HIRO) is a healthcare-assistive robot that is deployed in an outpatient primary care clinic to sanitise the premises, monitor people in its proximity for their temperature and donning of masks, and usher them to service points. This study aimed to determine the acceptability, perceptions of safety, and concerns among the patients, visitors, and polyclinic healthcare workers (HCWs) regarding the HIRO. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from March to April 2022 when the HIRO was at Tampines Polyclinic in eastern Singapore. A total of 170 multidisciplinary HCWs serve approximately 1,000 patients and visitors daily at this polyclinic. The sample size of 385 was computed using a proportion of 0.5, 5% precision, and 95% confidence interval. Research assistants administered an e-survey to gather demographic data and feedback from 300 patients/visitors and 85 HCWs on their perceptions of the HIRO using Likert scales. The participants watched a video on the HIRO's functionalities and were given the opportunity to directly interact with it. Descriptive statistics was performed and figures were presented in frequencies and percentages. The majority of the participants viewed the HIRO's functionalities favourably: sanitising (96.7%/91.2%); checking proper mask donning (97%/89.4%); temperature monitoring (97%/91.7%); ushering (91.7%/81.1%); perceived user friendliness (93%/88.3%), and improvement in the clinic experience (96%/94.2%). A minority of the participants perceived harm from the HIRO's liquid disinfectant (29.6%/31.5%) and that its voice-annotated instructions may be upsetting (14%/24.8%). Most of the participants accepted the HIRO's deployment at the polyclinic and perceived it to be safe. The HIRO used ultraviolet irradiation for sanitisation during after-clinic hours instead of disinfectants due to the perceived harm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. C. Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y. Yusoff
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D. Koot
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Q. C. Lau
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H. Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T. F. Hui
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H. Y. Cher
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P. Y. A. Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Examining behavioural intention of using smart health care technology among females: dynamics of social influence and perceived usefulness. BENCHMARKING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/bij-09-2022-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study is to comprehend the behavioural intention of females' perception toward smart healthcare technology. The study also examines the moderation effect of social influences between perceived smart healthcare technology and perceived usefulness among female users.Design/methodology/approachTo test the model, this study collected data from female respondents (n = 913) responses. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using Smart-PLS 3.2. To complement the findings from structural equation modeling, the study also conducted a post-hoc test via experimental research design. The authors also applied a t-test and PROCESS macro analysis to re-confirm the relationship mentioned above.FindingsThe findings revealed that perceived ease of use significantly mediates the relationship between females' perceived smart healthcare technology and intention to use. The findings also show that social influence moderates between smart healthcare technology and the perceived usefulness relationship.Research limitations/implicationsSocial influence is one of the major issues while adopting smart healthcare technology because the respondents perceived that they are accustomed to the technologies related to smart health once their surroundings and social environment influence them.Originality/valueThe current study is a pioneer in the context of a developing country and unique in that it makes two contributions: it extends previous research on smart health technology adoption in the healthcare business by considering females, and it gives a broad knowledge of the female healthcare consumers from emerging nations which can be useful for developing technology-driven healthcare services strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Luciani B, Braghin F, Pedrocchi ALG, Gandolla M. Technology Acceptance Model for Exoskeletons for Rehabilitation of the Upper Limbs from Therapists' Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23031721. [PMID: 36772758 PMCID: PMC9919869 DOI: 10.3390/s23031721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, exoskeletons have been demonstrated to be useful tools for supporting the execution of neuromotor rehabilitation sessions. However, they are still not very present in hospitals. Therapists tend to be wary of this type of technology, thus reducing its acceptability and, therefore, its everyday use in clinical practice. The work presented in this paper investigates a novel point of view that is different from that of patients, which is normally what is considered for similar analyses. Through the realization of a technology acceptance model, we investigate the factors that influence the acceptability level of exoskeletons for rehabilitation of the upper limbs from therapists' perspectives. We analyzed the data collected from a pool of 55 physiotherapists and physiatrists through the distribution of a questionnaire. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were used for the analysis. The relations between the variables of interest were also investigated depending on participants' age and experience with technology. The model built from these data demonstrated that the perceived usefulness of a robotic system, in terms of time and effort savings, was the first factor influencing therapists' willingness to use it. Physiotherapists' perception of the importance of interacting with an exoskeleton when carrying out an enhanced therapy session increased if survey participants already had experience with this type of rehabilitation technology, while their distrust and the consideration of others' opinions decreased. The conclusions drawn from our analyses show that we need to invest in making this technology better known to the public-in terms of education and training-if we aim to make exoskeletons genuinely accepted and usable by therapists. In addition, integrating exoskeletons with multi-sensor feedback systems would help provide comprehensive information about the patients' condition and progress. This can help overcome the gap that a robot creates between a therapist and the patient's human body, reducing the fear that specialists have of this technology, and this can demonstrate exoskeletons' utility, thus increasing their perceived level of usefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Luciani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy
- NeuroEngineering And Medical Robotics Laboratory (NEARLab), Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Braghin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Laura Giulia Pedrocchi
- NeuroEngineering And Medical Robotics Laboratory (NEARLab), Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- WE-COBOT Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Polo Territoriale di Lecco, Via G. Previati, 1/c, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | - Marta Gandolla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy
- NeuroEngineering And Medical Robotics Laboratory (NEARLab), Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- WE-COBOT Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Polo Territoriale di Lecco, Via G. Previati, 1/c, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A Mind-inspired Architecture for Adaptive HRI. Int J Soc Robot 2023; 15:371-391. [PMID: 35910297 PMCID: PMC9309454 DOI: 10.1007/s12369-022-00897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the main challenges of social robots concerns the ability to guarantee robust, contextualized and intelligent behavior capable of supporting continuous and personalized interaction with different users over time. This implies that robot behaviors should consider the specificity of a person (e.g., personality, preferences, assistive needs), the social context as well as the dynamics of the interaction. Ideally, robots should have a "mind" to properly interact in real social environments allowing them to continuously adapt and exhibit engaging behaviors. The authors' long-term research goal is to create an advanced mind-inspired system capable of supporting multiple assistance scenarios fostering personalization of robot's behavior. This article introduces the idea of a dual process-inspired cognitive architecture that integrates two reasoning layers working on different time scales and making decisions over different temporal horizons. The general goal is also to support an empathetic relationship with the user through a multi-modal interaction inclusive of verbal and non-verbal expressions based on the emotional-cognitive profile of the person. The architecture is exemplified on a cognitive stimulation domain where some experiments show personalization capabilities of the approach as well as the joint work of the two layers. In particular, a feasibility assessment shows the customization of robot behaviors and the adaptation of robot interactions to the online detected state of a user. Usability sessions were performed in laboratory settings involving 10 healthy participants to assess the user interaction and the robot's dialogue performance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Getson C, Nejat G. The adoption of socially assistive robots for long-term care: During COVID-19 and in a post-pandemic society. Healthc Manage Forum 2022; 35:301-309. [PMID: 35714374 PMCID: PMC9207582 DOI: 10.1177/08404704221106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 has prompted a surge in the adoption of technology, highlighting a number of potential applications for Socially Assistive Robots (SARs). Our entire healthcare system has been under unprecedented strain, and going forward, we must consider how robotic technology could help improve the quality of care and day-to-day functionality of our care facilities. Herein, we present our human-robot interaction study in a local long-term care centre during the pandemic and the lessons learned from deploying a SAR to screen staff members. We investigate staff acceptance and the influence of demographics on perceptions of the SAR. Results show that overall, staff were positive about the screening robot, and that autonomous screening with a social robot is a potential application in long-term care homes. We further detail the challenges and future opportunities to develop SARs, including recommendations to successfully implement and adopt these robots in a post-pandemic society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Getson
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- AGE-WELL NCE, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Goldie Nejat
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- AGE-WELL NCE, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tabudlo J, Kuan L, Garma PF. Can nurses in clinical practice ascribe responsibility to intelligent robots? Nurs Ethics 2022; 29:1457-1465. [PMID: 35727571 DOI: 10.1177/09697330221090591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The twenty first- century marked the exponential growth in the use of intelligent robots and artificial intelligent in nursing compared to the previous decades. To the best of our knowledge, this article is first in responding to question, "Can nurses in clinical practice ascribe responsibility to intelligent robots and artificial intelligence when they commit errors?". PURPOSE The objective of this article is to present two worldviews (anthropocentrism and biocentrism) in responding to the question at hand chosen based on the roles of the entities involved in the use of intelligent robots and artificial intelligence in nursing. METHODS The development of this article was motivated by the immense discoveries, the current landscape, and nurses' role in relation to advanced technologies in healthcare. The paper begins the discussion by situating the use of intelligent robots and artificial intelligence in nursing and healthcare and presenting its ethical and moral implications. Then, we presented the two worldviews: anthropocentrism and biocentrism which are used to respond to the task at hand. RESULTS Anthropocentrism puts humans in the center in terms of moral standing and thus responsibility rests on them alone. Biocentrism declares that all creations deserve moral consideration and thus responsibility is equally allocated to all entities. Within these two worldviews, consensus development was offered to resolve these issues. Consensus provides clarity and democracy between and among the societies. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this article can be basis in (1) instituting mechanisms of robust peer review and a rigorous series of simulation before adopting or implementing intelligent robots and artificial intelligence in clinical practice; (2) education and training of highly specialized nurse practitioners who can be focal persons in responding to ethical and moral issues with regard to these advanced technologies; and (3) harmonization of robotics research, manufacturing, and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerick Tabudlo
- College of Nursing, 54725University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Letty Kuan
- College of Nursing, 54725University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yap YY, Tan SH, Tan SK, Choon SW. Integrating the capability approach and technology acceptance model to explain the elderly’s use intention of online grocery shopping. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2022.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Kim J, Kim S, Kim S, Lee E, Heo Y, Hwang CY, Choi YY, Kong HJ, Ryu H, Lee H. Companion robots for older adults: Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis approach. INTEL SERV ROBOT 2021; 14:729-739. [PMID: 34804242 PMCID: PMC8593639 DOI: 10.1007/s11370-021-00394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the concept of companion robots for older adults from the perspective of nursing. This study employed a concept analysis. The literature from July 2011 to June 2021 was sought from databases using specific keywords. Any quantitative or qualitative study published in English or Korean focusing on companion robots for older adults was included in the study. Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis was used to clarify the antecedents, attributes, and consequences. Seventy-five eligible articles were studied. The findings were categorized into antecedents, attributes, and consequences. Companion robot antecedents were classified into individual factors, attitude toward robots, and caregiver and social factors. The defining attributes included human-robot interaction, function, features, structure, cost, and management of the robot being a companion. Consequences were categorized into user, caregiver, and health related. Companion robots are designed to enhance well-being, quality of life, and independence by providing service and companionship and assisting daily life. This mainly includes cognitive and social support, mobility support, relaxation, health monitoring, and self-care support through human-robot interaction. The attributes, antecedents, and consequences of companion robots identified in this study can inform future decision making and interventions by caregivers for aging in place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Kim
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongheui Kim
- College of Fine Arts, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euehun Lee
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Heo
- College of Music, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Yong Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Young Choi
- College of Humanities, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology (TDMAT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongju Ryu
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongsuk Lee
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|