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Cataño FA, Moreno-Serna V, Cament A, Loyo C, Yáñez-S M, Ortiz JA, Zapata PA. Green composites based on thermoplastic starch reinforced with micro- and nano-cellulose by melt blending - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125939. [PMID: 37482162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Starch is a biodegradable biopolymer, a sustainable material that can replace conventional petrochemical-based plastics. However, starch has some limitations, as it must be processed by heating and treated mechanically with a plasticizer to become thermoplastic starch (TPS). Different variables such as mixing speeds, amount, and kind of plasticizers play a vital role in preparing TPS by melting. Despite this, the properties of the TPS are not comparable with those of traditional plastics. To overcome this limitation, microcellulose or nanocellulose is added to TPS by melt mixing, including the extrusion and internal mixing process, which enables large-scale production. This review aims to compile several studies that evaluate the effect of plasticizers, as well as the relevance of incorporating different cellulosic fillers of different dimensions on the properties of TPS obtained by melt mixing. Potential applications of these materials in food packaging, biomedical applications, and other opportunities are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Cataño
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile
| | - Viviana Moreno-Serna
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile; Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Cament
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile
| | - Carlos Loyo
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile; Yachay Tech University, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Mauricio Yáñez-S
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 2950, Campus San Pablo II, Chile
| | - J Andrés Ortiz
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Laboratorio Química de Biomateriales, Chile.
| | - Paula A Zapata
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile.
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Jeziorska R, Szadkowska A, Studzinski M, Chmielarek M, Spasowka E. Morphology and Selected Properties of Modified Potato Thermoplastic Starch. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071762. [PMID: 37050376 PMCID: PMC10097106 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato thermoplastic starch (TPS) containing 1 wt.% of pure halloysite (HNT), glycerol-modified halloysite (G-HNT) or polyester plasticizer-modified halloysite (PP-HNT) was prepared by melt-extrusion. Halloysites were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA, and DSC. Interactions between TPS and halloysites were studied by FTIR, SEM, and DMTA. The Vicat softening temperature, tensile, and flexural properties were also determined. FTIR proved the interactions between halloysite and the organic compound as well as between starch, plasticizers and halloysites. Pure HNT had the best thermal stability, but PP-HNT showed better thermal stability than G-HNT. The addition of HNT and G-HNT improved the TPS’s thermal stability, as evidenced by significantly higher T5%. Modified TPS showed higher a Vicat softening point, suggesting better hot water resistance. Halloysite improved TPS stiffness due to higher storage modulus. However, TPS/PP-HNT had the lowest stiffness, and TPS/HNT the highest. Halloysite increased Tα and lowered Tβ due to its simultaneous reinforcing and plasticizing effect. TPS/HNT showed an additional β-relaxation peak, suggesting the formation of a new crystalline phase. The mechanical properties of TPS were also improved in the presence of both pure and modified halloysites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Jeziorska
- Łukasiewicz Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szadkowska
- Łukasiewicz Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Studzinski
- Łukasiewicz Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Chmielarek
- Department of High-Energetic Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Spasowka
- Łukasiewicz Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
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Ruhul Amin M, Mahmud MA, Anannya FR. Natural Fiber Reinforced Starch Based Biocomposites. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x1905016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fitch-Vargas PR, Camacho-Hernández IL, Martínez-Bustos F, Islas-Rubio AR, Carrillo-Cañedo KI, Calderón-Castro A, Jacobo-Valenzuela N, Carrillo-López A, Delgado-Nieblas CI, Aguilar-Palazuelos E. Mechanical, physical and microstructural properties of acetylated starch-based biocomposites reinforced with acetylated sugarcane fiber. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:378-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nabili A, Fattoum A, Brochier-Salon MC, Bras J, Elaloui E. Synthesis of cellulose triacetate-I from microfibrillated date seeds cellulose (Phoenix dactylifera L.). IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-017-0505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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