Evaluation of Moringa oleifera seed biopolymer-PVA composite hydrogel in wound healing dressing

Optimized production of carboxymethyl cellulose/guar gum based durable hydrogel for in vitro performance assessment

An important objective of researchers is to develop a perfect wound dressing that can effectively treat different kinds of wounds. Natural substances with beneficial qualities, such as plant extracts and biopolymers are an ideal aid for wound care. Hydrogels based on biopolymers offer a lot of promising applications for topical use and are biocompatible, hydrophilic and non-toxic. When employed alone or in conjunction with other active agents, herbal extracts have a great deal of use in the healing of wounds. This study comprises Ruellia tuberosa extract loaded with carboxymethyl cellulose and guar gum hydrogels that have potential anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hemocompatibility. Using mouse fibroblast cells (L929), the MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was conducted to assess the biocompatibility. Furthermore, the scratch wound assay using the L929 fibroblast cell line of mouse was employed to assess the in vitro wound healing potential of the synthesised composite hydrogels.

Nanofabrication of chitosan-based dressing to treat the infected wounds: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Aim: Here, an innovative kind of antibacterial nanocomposite film is developed by incorporating graphene oxide and zinc oxide into chitosan matrix. Materials & methods: Our dressing was fabricated using the solution casting method. Fourier transform infrared spectra and TGA-DTG clearly confirmed the structure of film dressing. Results & conclusion: Our results showed the tensile strength and elongation at the break of the films were 20.1 ± 0.7 MPa and 36 ± 10%, respectively. Our fabricated film could absorb at least three-times the fluid of its dry weight while being biocompatible, antibacterial, non-irritant and non-allergic. In addition, it accelerated the healing process of infected wounds by regulating epithelium thickness and the number of inflammatory cells, thus it may be useful for direct application to damaged infected wounds.

Wound Dressings Based on Sodium Alginate-Polyvinyl Alcohol-Moringa oleifera Extracts

Biopolymers have significant pharmaceutical applications, and their blending has favorable characteristics for their pharmaceutical properties compared to the sole components. In this work, sodium alginate (SA) as a marine biopolymer was blended with poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) to form SA/PVA scaffolds through the freeze-thawing technique. Additionally, polyphenolic compounds in Moringa oleifera leaves were extracted by different solvents, and it was found that extracts with 80% methanol had the highest antioxidant activity. Different concentrations (0.0-2.5%) of this extract were successfully immobilized in SA/PVA scaffolds during preparation. The characterization of the scaffolds was carried out via FT-IR, XRD, TG, and SEM. The pure and Moringa oleifera extract immobilized SA/PVA scaffolds (MOE/SA/PVA) showed high biocompatibility with human fibroblasts. Further, they showed excellent in vitro and in vivo wound healing capacity, with the best effect noted for the scaffold with high extract content (2.5%).

Recent developments in Moringa oleifera Lam. polysaccharides: A review of the relationship between extraction methods, structural characteristics and functional activities

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera Lam) is a perennial tropical deciduous tree that belongs to the Moringaceae family. Polysaccharides are one of the major bioactive compounds in M. oleifera Lam and show immunomodulatory, anticancer, antioxidant, intestinal health protection and antidiabetic activities. At present, the structure and functional activities of M. oleifera Lam polysaccharides (MOPs) have been widespread, but the research data are relatively scattered. Moreover, the relationship between the structure and biological activities of MOPs has not been summarized. In this review, the current research on the extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from different sources of M. oleifera Lam were summarized, and the structural characteristics of purified polysaccharides were focused on this review. Meanwhile, the biological activities of MOPs were introduced, and some molecular mechanisms were listed. In addition, the relationship between the structure and biological activities of MOPs was discussed. Furthermore, new perspectives and some future research of M. oleifera Lam polysaccharides were proposed in this review.

Bioactive components from Moringa oleifera seeds: production, functionalities and applications - a critical review

A readily distinguishable and indigenous member of the plant kingdom in the Indian subcontinent is the 'drumstick tree', i.e. Moringa oleifera Lam. In addition to India, this drought-tolerant and rapidly evolving tree is currently extensively disseminated across the globe, including subtropical and tropical areas. The plant boasts a high nutritional, nutraceutical and therapeutic profile, mainly attributing to its significant repertoire of the biologically active components in different parts: protein, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic acids, tannin, isothiocyanate, lipids, minerals, vitamins, amongst others. M. oleifera seeds have been shown to elicit a myriad of pharmacological potential and health benefits, including: antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. Additionally, the seed cakes obtained from post-extraction process are utilized for: coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation purposes, benefiting effluent management and the purification of water, mainly because of their capability in eliminating microbes and organic matter. Despite the extraordinary focus on other parts of the plant, especially the foliage, the beneficial aspects of the seeds have not been sufficiently highlighted. The health benefits of bioactive components in the seeds are promising and demonstrate enough potential to facilitate the development of functional foods. In this review, we present a critical account of the types, characteristics, production and isolation of bioactive components from M. oleifera seeds. Furthermore, we appraise the: pharmacological activities, cosmetic, biodiesel, lubricative, modern farming, nutritive and wastewater treatment applications of these functional ingredients. We infer that there is a need for further human/clinical studies and evaluation, despite their health benefits. Additionally, the safety issues need to be adequately clarified and assessed, in order to establish a conventional therapeutic profile.

A Novel Herbal Hydrogel Formulation of Moringa oleifera for Wound Healing

Treatment of wounds is essential as the wound can also be lethal at some point in time if not healed properly. Ethnomedicinal plants can treat wounds as they have no side effects, whereas, in the case of chemical drugs, the side effects are on the rise. In this study, seeds of Moringa oleifera which is the essential ethnomedicinal plant, were studied for wound healing efficacy. The study was planned for the assessment of in vitro (antioxidant and antimicrobial activities) and in vivo (excision and incision wound healing models) wound healing efficacy of n-hexane extract and hydrogels of Moringa oleifera seeds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and Agar well diffusion method, respectively. In excision and incision wound models, Swiss albino mice were used for wound healing efficacy of hydrogels, i.e., 5% and 10% hexane extracts of Moringa oleifera seeds. The n-hexane extract showed antioxidant as well as antibacterial activities. Moreover, the hydrogels formulated using n-hexane extract of Moringa oleifera seeds showed significant wound healing activity compared to both control and standard until the end of the protocol in both the models. Furthermore, the histopathological investigation confirmed the findings of accelerated regeneration of tissue accompanied by a decrease in inflammatory cells and increased vascularity of the immediate skin. The results (both in vitro and in vivo) claimed conclusively that our n-hexane hydrogel formulation of Moringa oleifera seeds might serve as an alternative therapy in skin restoration during wound healing.

Biological, nutritional, and therapeutic significance of Moringa oleifera Lam

The genus Moringa Adans. comprises 13 species, of which Moringa oleifera Lam. native to India and cultivated across the world owing to its drought and frost resistance habit is widely used in traditional phytomedicine and as rich source of essential nutrients. Wide spectrum of phytochemical ingredients among leaf, flower, fruit, seed, seed oil, bark, and root depend on cultivar, season, and locality. The scientific studies provide insights on the use of M. oleifera with different aqueous, hydroalcoholic, alcoholic, and other organic solvent preparations of different parts for therapeutic activities, that is, antibiocidal, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, neuro-protective, tissue-protective, and other biological activities with a high degree of safety. A wide variety of alkaloid and sterol, polyphenols and phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavanoids and flavanol glycosides, glucosinolate and isothiocyanate, terpene, anthocyanins etc. are believed to be responsible for the pragmatic effects. Seeds are used with a view of low-cost biosorbent and coagulant agent for the removal of metals and microbial contamination from waste water. Thus, the present review explores the use of M. oleifera across disciplines for its prominent bioactive ingredients, nutraceutical, therapeutic uses and deals with agricultural, veterinarian, biosorbent, coagulation, biodiesel, and other industrial properties of this "Miracle Tree."

Enhanced healing activity of burn wound infection by a dextran-HA hydrogel enriched with sanguinarine

Burn wounds are associated with a series of risks, such as infection and pathologic scar tissue formation, which significantly delay wound healing and lead to complications. In this study, we successfully fabricated a dextran-hyaluronic acid (Dex-HA) hydrogel enriched with sanguinarine (SA) incorporated into gelatin microspheres (GMs), which had high porosity, good swelling ratio, enhanced NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell proliferation, and sustained SA release profile. The in vitro degradation results indicate that the SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogel can be degraded. The in vitro antibacterial tests showed that the SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogel can inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). We evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogels in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. The hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining results of the SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogel showed that it improved re-epithelialization and enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling, and immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of TGF-β1 and TNF-α was decreased, while the TGF-β3 expression was increased. Our findings suggest that the SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogel provides a potential way for infected burn treatment with high-quality and efficient scar inhibition.