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Wenter V, Albert NL, Ahmaddy F, Unterrainer M, Hornung J, Ilhan H, Bartenstein P, Spitzweg C, Kneidinger N, Todica A. The diagnostic challenge of coexistent sarcoidosis and thyroid cancer - a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:139. [PMID: 33550991 PMCID: PMC7868024 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoid lesions may mimic metastatic disease or recurrence in thyroid cancer (TC) patients as both diseases may affect the lungs and lymph nodes. We present the first study to systematically evaluate the clinical course of patients with (TC) after adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) and concomitant sarcoidosis of the lung or the lymph nodes. METHODS We screened 3285 patients and retrospectively identified 16 patients with TC (11 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 3 follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), 1 oncocytic PTC, 1 oncocytic FTC) and coexisting sarcoidosis of the lung and/or the lymph nodes treated at our institute. All patients had undergone thyroidectomy and initial adjuvant RIT. Challenges in diagnosing and the management of these patients were evaluated during long term follow-up (median 4.9 years (0.8-15.0 years)). RESULTS Median age at first diagnosis of TC was 50.1 years (33.0-71.5 years) and of sarcoidosis 39.4 years (18.0-63.9 years). During follow-up, physicians were able to differentiate between SA and persistent or recurrent TC in 10 of 16 patients (63%). Diagnosis was complicated by initial negative thyroglobulin (Tg), positive Tg antibodies and non-specific imaging findings. Histopathology can reliably distinguish between SA and TC in patients with one suspicious lesion. CONCLUSION Physicians should be aware of the rare coexistence of sarcoidosis and TC. Lymphadenopathy and pulmonary lesions could be metastases, sarcoidosis or even a mix of both. Therefore, this rare patient group should receive a thorough work up including histopathological clarification and, if necessary, separately for each lesion.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnostic imaging
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/surgery
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Sarcoidosis/diagnosis
- Sarcoidosis/diagnostic imaging
- Sarcoidosis/metabolism
- Sarcoidosis/surgery
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/diagnosis
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/diagnostic imaging
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/metabolism
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/surgery
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Wenter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Freba Ahmaddy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hornung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Harun Ilhan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC LMU) and Interdisciplinary Center for Thyroid Carcinoma (ISKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC LMU) and Interdisciplinary Center for Thyroid Carcinoma (ISKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC LMU) and Interdisciplinary Center for Thyroid Carcinoma (ISKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrei Todica
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC LMU) and Interdisciplinary Center for Thyroid Carcinoma (ISKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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