1
|
Su N. Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as Flocculants and Retention Aids in Wet-End Papermaking. Molecules 2023; 28:7984. [PMID: 38138474 PMCID: PMC10745445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the criteria of energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection become more important, and with the development of wet-end papermaking, developing excellent retention aids is of great significance. Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) bearing polyelectrolyte chains grafted densely to the surface of core particle have the potential to be novel retention aids in wet-end papermaking not only because of their spherical structure, but also due to controllable grafting density and molecular weight. Such characteristics are crucial in order to design multi-functional retention aids in sophisticated papermaking systems. This review presents some important recent advances with respect to retention aids, including single-component system and dual-component systems. Then, basic theory in papermaking is also briefly reviewed. Based on these advances, it emphatically describes spherical polyelectrolyte brushes, focused on their preparation methods, characterization, conformation, and applications in papermaking. This work is expected to contribute to improve a comprehensive understanding on the composition, properties, and function mechanisms of retention aids, which helps in the further investigation on the design of novel retention aids with excellent performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Su
- Department of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frousiou E, Tonis E, Rotas G, Pantelia A, Chalkidis SG, Heliopoulos NS, Kagkoura A, Siamidis D, Galeou A, Prombona A, Stamatakis K, Boukos N, Vougioukalakis GC. Kevlar ®, Nomex ®, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency. Molecules 2023; 28:5465. [PMID: 37513342 PMCID: PMC10385662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface modification of fabrics composed of Kevlar®, Nomex®, or VAR was extensively investigated. Kevlar® and Nomex® are widely-utilized aramid materials, whereas VAR is a technical fabric comprising 64% viscose, 24% para-aramid (Kevlar®), 10% polyamide, and 2% antistatic fibers. Both aramid materials and cellulose/viscose exhibit exceptional mechanical properties that render them valuable in a wide range of applications. For the herein studied modification of Kevlar®, Nomex®, and VAR, we used small organic molecules 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (ADMH) and 3-(acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC), which were anchored onto the materials under study via graft polymerization. By doing so, excellent antibacterial properties were induced in the three studied fabrics. Their water repellency was improved in most cases as well. Extensive characterization studies were conducted to probe the properties of the modified materials, employing Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efrosyni Frousiou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Tonis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Rotas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Pantelia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Savvas G Chalkidis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Heliopoulos
- 700 Military Factory, Supreme Military Support Command, 50 Anapafseos, 18648 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Antonia Kagkoura
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Angeliki Galeou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, Greece
| | - Anastasia Prombona
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, Greece
| | - Kostas Stamatakis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, Greece
| | - Nikos Boukos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, Greece
| | - Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh AK, Kumar J, Bhadra S. Catalytic Direct Cyanomethylenation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds via a One-Step Double C-C Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1512-1517. [PMID: 35012315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An elegant and catalytic procedure for the one-step cyanomethylenation of C(sp3)-H bonds adjacent to benzazoles and ketones is described herein using DMF as a C-1 unit and TMSCN as the cyanide source. The copper-mediated reaction between DMF and TMSCN gives a cyanomethylene radical intermediate that reacts with 2-alkylbenzazoles or alkylketones to furnish desired cyanomethylenated compounds under palladium catalysis. Subsequent interconversion of cyanomethylenated products makes the protocol synthetically attractive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kumar Singh
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jogendra Kumar
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukalyan Bhadra
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Skvorcova M, Lukasevics LT, Jirgensons A. Amination of Carbenium Ions Generated by Directed Protonolysis of Cyclopropane. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3780-3792. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Skvorcova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | | | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song G, Li Z. One-Pot Multi-Component Synthesis of Triarylacrylonitriles Directly by Using CaC2
as a Concise Acetylene Source and K4
[Fe(CN)6
] as an Eco-Friendly Cyanide Source. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; 730070 Lanzhou Gansu People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; 730070 Lanzhou Gansu People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|