New complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) with tridentate ONO Schiff base ligand: synthesis, crystal structures, electrochemical and theoretical investigation

Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Ni(II) and Zn(II) Complexes with (E)-2-((5-Bromothiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies

In order to address the challenges associated with antibiotic resistance by bacteria, two new complexes, Ni(II) and Zn(II), have been synthesized using the conventional method based on Schiff base ligand (E)-2-((5-bromothiazol-2-yl) imino) methyl) phenol. The Schiff base ligand (HL) was synthesized using salicylaldehyde and 5-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-amine in both traditional and efficient, ecologically friendly, microwave-assisted procedures. The ligand and its complexes were evaluated by elemental analyses, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and magnetic susceptibility. The ligand and its complexes were tested for antibacterial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603). The findings demonstrate the potent activity of the ligand and its complexes against selective bacteria but the Ni(II) complex with MIC values ranging from 1.95 to 7.81 µg/mL outperformed all other compounds, including the widely used antibiotic Streptomycin. Furthermore, the docking study provided evidence supporting the validity of the antimicrobial results, since the Ni complex showed superior binding affinity against to E. coli NAD synthetase, which had a docking score (-7.61 kcal/mol).

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal Investigation, Computational Studies, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Biological Activities of a New Schiff Base Derived from 2-Chloro Benzaldehyde and 3,3'-Dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine

The current research involves the synthesis of a new Schiff base through the reaction between 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and 3,3'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine by using a natural acid catalyst and a synthesized compound physicochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thermal studies were conducted using thermogravimetric, differential thermal analysis, and differential thermogravimetric curves. These curves were obtained in an inert nitrogen environment from ambient temperature to 1263 K using heating rates of 10, 15, and 20 K·min-1. Using thermocurve data, model-free isoconversional techniques such as Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Friedman are used to determine kinetic parameters. These parameters include activation energy, phonon frequency factor, activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and Gibb's free energy change. All of the results have been thoroughly investigated. The molecule's anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties were also examined. To learn more about the potential of the Schiff base and how successfully it can suppress the amylase enzyme, a molecular docking experiment was also conducted. For in silico research, the Swiss Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity algorithms were used to calculate the theoretical pharmacokinetic properties, oral bioavailability, toxic effects, and biological activities of the synthesized molecule. Moreover, the cytotoxicity tests against a human lung cancer cell line (A549) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated that the synthesized Schiff base exhibited significant anticancer properties.

Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes based on new hybrid imine-pyrazole ligands: structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties

The present work reports the theoretical investigation of Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes containing Schiff bases (used as ligands) derived from the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with N-(2-aminoethyl) pyrazoles. The spectral analyses were carried out using infrared, Raman, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Vibrational analyses were performed in order to investigate the mechanisms involving metal-ligand and intra-ligand vibrations and indicated the possibility of charge transfer related to the transitions n[Formula: see text]* and [Formula: see text]*. Structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations were performed via the density functional theory (DFT) method at the HSE06/6-311G(d,p)/LanL2DZ level. A thorough analysis was also conducted regarding the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and the natural bond orbital (NBO) of the complexes. The results show that these complexes have prospective application as materials for NLO. Furthermore, the NBO analysis confirms the coordination between the lone pair (LP) electrons of the donor atoms (O and N) and the metal acceptors. Finally, studies were conducted regarding the electronic properties of the complexes; among the properties investigated included the frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), allowing to determine the energy gap and charge distribution.

Transition Metal Complexes of Schiff Base Ligands Prepared from Reaction of Aminobenzothiazole with Benzaldehydes

Schiff bases have played significant roles in the development of inorganic or coordination chemistry. Three Schiff base (NB, CB and HB) ligands, prepared for the reaction of 2-amino-6-methoxy-benzothiazole with 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyed, respectively, were investigated for their transition metal complexes, which were prepared by reacting the ligand (2:1 molar ratio) with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Cr(III) and Fe(III) chlorides. The nature of the interaction between the metal ions and ligands (L) was studied with the aid of magnetic susceptibility, elemental analysis, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the magnetic superstability and elemental analysis results, octahedral structures of the complexes, such as [ML2Cl2] or [ML2Cl(OH)], were proposed for Cu(II), Cd(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) in which the ligand (L:NB, CB or HB) is bidentate through the azomethine and benzothiazole nitrogen. For Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes, octahedral ML2Cl(OH)2 or ML2(OH)3 structures were proposed, where one ligand is monodentate and the other is bidentate. The azomethine ν(-HC=N-) and 1H-NMR peaks of NB and CB were shifted to a higher frequency and downfield, respectively, upon complexation with metal ions. The bonding of OH groups of HB to Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) enables π-backdonation from these metals to the azomethine of Schiff bases and the consequent shift of ν(-HC=N-) to a lower frequency and changes in the intensity of the 1H-NMR peak of OH. On the other hand, this backdonation was not evidenced in the FTIR of HB complexes with high-charge Cr(III) and Fe(III) ions.

Efficient Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol Using Copper(II) Complexes with N,O-Chelating Schiff Base Ligands

The reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride was used as a model to test the catalytic activity of copper(II) complexes containing N,O-chelating Schiff base ligands. In this study, a series of copper(II) complexes containing respective Schiff base ligands, N'-salicylidene-2-aminophenol (1), N'-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole (2), and N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine (3), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Visible (UV-Vis) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. The results from the 4-nitrophenol reduction showed that 3 has the highest catalytic activities with 97.5% conversion, followed by 2 and 1 with 95.2% and 90.8% conversions, respectively. The optimization of the catalyst amount revealed that 1.0 mol% of the catalyst was the most optimized amount with the highest conversion compared to the other doses, 0.5 mol% and 1.5 mol%. Recyclability and reproducibility tests confirmed that all three complexes were active, efficient, and possess excellent reproducibility with consistent catalytic performances and could be used again without a major decrease in the catalytic activity.

Design of New Schiff-Base Copper(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, DFT Study, and Binding Potency toward Cytochrome P450 3A4

We report the synthesis and crystal structures of three new copper(II) Schiff-base complexes. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-visible spectroscopies. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that complexes 1 and 3 crystallize in a monoclinic space group C2/c and 2 in a triclinic space group P1̅, each adopting a square planar geometry around the metal center. We use a density functional theory method to explore the quantum chemical properties of these complexes. The calculation proceeds with the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structure characterization of the complexes in which the calculated IR and UV-vis values are comparable to the experimental results. Charge distribution and molecular orbital analyses enabled quantum chemical property prediction of these complexes. We study the drug-likeness properties and binding potentials of the synthesized complexes. The in silico outcome showed that they could serve as permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) and different cytochrome P450 substrates. Our calculations showed that the complexes significantly bind to cytochrome P450 3A4.

Exploring the binding and cleavage activities of nickelII complexes towards DNA and proteins

Three novel nickel(ii) complexes with cis octahedral geometry display excellent binding and cleavage affinity towards DNA and proteins. Furthermore, all complexes show superior cytotoxicity against human lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) tumor cells.

Crystal structure of bis(2-hydroxy-6-((phenylimino)methyl)phenolato-κ2N,O)copper(II), C26H20CuN2O4

C26H20CuN2O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.8633(1) Å, b = 12.2597(2) Å, c = 14.5517(3) Å, α = 82.960(1)°, β = 85.058(2)°, γ = 86.436(4)°, V = 1032.85(3) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0264, wRref(F2) = 0.0732, T = 100(2) K.

Structure, electronic properties, and NBO and TD-DFT analyses of nickel(II), zinc(II), and palladium(II) complexes based on Schiff-base ligands

In this work we studied the structural and electronic properties of the metal-Schiff base complexes Ni[Formula: see text] (1), Pd[Formula: see text] (2), Zn[Formula: see text] (3), and Ni[Formula: see text](4), where L¹ and L² are Schiff bases synthesized from salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde, respectively. Natural bond analysis showed that in complexes 1 and 2, the metal ion coordinates to the ligands through electron donation from lone pairs on ligand nitrogen and oxygen atoms to s and d orbitals on the metal ion. In complex 3, metal-N and metal-O bonds are formed through charge transfer from the lone pairs on nitrogen and oxygen atoms to an s orbital of Zn. Dimethylation of the phenolate rings in the ligands decreases the energy gap and redshifts the spectrum of the nickel complex. The main absorptions observed were assigned on the basis of singlet-state transitions. The simulated spectra of the two complexes 1 and 2 are characterized by excited states with ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (LLCT), metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT), ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT), and metal-centered (MC) character. Graphical abstract Geometric structure of the palladium complex.