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McCormick WJ, Rice C, McCrudden D, Skillen N, Robertson PKJ. Enhanced Monitoring of Photocatalytic Reactive Oxygen Species: Using Electrochemistry for Rapid Sensing of Hydroxyl Radicals Formed during the Degradation of Coumarin. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37257064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many recent research studies have reported indirect methods for the detection and quantification of OH radicals generated during photocatalysis. The short lifespan and high reactivity of these radicals make indirect detection using probes such as coumarin a more viable quantification method. Hydroxyl radical production is commonly monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the concentration of the compound 7-hydroxycoumarin, which is formed from hydroxyl radical attack on coumarin. There are, however, a number of additional hydroxylated coumarins generated during this process, which are less amenable to detection by fluorescence spectroscopy. Consequently, limitations and inaccuracies of this method have previously been reported in the literature. As an alternative approach to those previously reported, this work has developed an electrochemical screening method using coumarin as a OH radical trap, that is capable of in situ monitoring of not only 7-hydroxycoumarin, but all the main mono-hydroxylated products formed. As a result, this technique is a more representative and comprehensive method for the quantification of OH radicals produced by photocatalysts using coumarin as a probe molecule. Moreover, the electroanalytical method provides a portable, rapid, sensitive, and accurate in situ method for the monitoring of OH radical formation without the need for sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J McCormick
- The Bryden Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, Donegal, Letterkenny F92 FC93, Ireland
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Clare Rice
- The Bryden Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Denis McCrudden
- The Bryden Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, Donegal, Letterkenny F92 FC93, Ireland
| | - Nathan Skillen
- The Bryden Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Peter K J Robertson
- The Bryden Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
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Ozcelikay G, Karadurmus L, Bilge S, Sınağ A, Ozkan SA. New analytical strategies Amplified with 2D carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical sensing of food pollutants in water and soils sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133974. [PMID: 35181423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and food pollutants have threatened global health. Pharmacotherapy has left a positive impression in the field of health and life of people and animals. However, the many unresolved problems brought along with residues of pharmaceuticals in the environmental and food. Consumption of the world's freshwater resources, toxic chemicals, air pollution, plastic waste directly affects water and soil resources. Pesticides have a wide role in pollutants. Therefore, the determination of pesticides is significant to eliminate their negative effects on living things. Nowadays, there are many analytical methods available. However, new analysis methods are still being researched due to certain limitations of traditional methods. Electrochemical sensors have drawn attention because of their superior properties, such as short analysis time, affordability, high sensitivity, and selectivity. The development of new analytical strategies for assessing risks from pharmaceutical to food pollutants in water and soil sources is important for the measurement of different pollutants. Moreover, the 2D-carbon nanomaterials used in the development of electrochemical sensors are widely utilized to enlarge the surface area, increase porosity, and make easy immobilization. Graphene (graphene derivations) and carbon nanotubes integrated nanosensors are widely used for the determination of pesticides. 2D-carbon nanomaterials can be tailored according to the purpose of the study. The characterization and synthesis methods of 2D-carbon nanomaterials are widely explained. Furthermore, enzyme nanobiosensors, especially Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), are widely used to determine pesticides. The three main topics are focused on in this review: 2D-carbon nanomaterials, pesticides that threaten life, and the application of 2D-carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors. The various developed 2D-carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors were applied in pharmaceutical forms, fruits, tap/lake water, beverages, and soils sources. This work aims to indicate the recently published paper related to pesticide analysis and highlight the importance of 2D-nanomaterials on sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goksu Ozcelikay
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Karadurmus
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Adıyaman University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Selva Bilge
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Sınağ
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
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Efficient Removal of 2,4-DCP by Nano Zero-Valent Iron-Reduced Graphene Oxide: Statistical Modeling and Process Optimization Using RSM-BBD Approach. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/7130581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, nano zero-valent iron-reduced graphene oxide (NZVI-rGO) composites were synthesized to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as an efficient adsorbent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that NZVI particles were successfully loaded and dispersed uniformly on rGO nanosheets. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the interaction between NZVI-rGO and 2,4-DCP promoted the adsorption process. A three-level, four-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the influencing factors including NZVI-rGO dosage, 2,4-DCP initial concentration, reaction time and initial pH. A statistically significant, well-fitting quadratic regression model was successfully constructed to predict 2,4-DCP removal rate. The high
value (15.95), very low
value (<0.0001), nonsignificant lack of fit, and appropriate coefficient of determination (
) demonstrate a good correlation between the experimental and predicted values of the proposed model. The analyses of variance reveal that NZVI-rGO dosage and reaction time have a positive effect on 2,4-DCP removal, whereas the increase of contaminant concentration and initial pH inhibit the removal, whereas the effect of contaminant concentration and initial pH is in reverse, where the change of NZVI-rGO dosage has the greatest effect. The optimum condition is1.215 g/L of NZVI-rGO dosage, 20.856 mg/L of 2,4-DCP concentration, 4.115 of pH, and 8.157 min of reaction time. It is verified by parallel experiments under the optimum condition, achieving the removal efficiency of100%.
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