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Shi PQ, Wang L, Chen XY, Wang K, Wu QJ, Turlings TCJ, Zhang PJ, Qiu BL. Rickettsia transmission from whitefly to plants benefits herbivore insects but is detrimental to fungal and viral pathogens. mBio 2024; 15:e0244823. [PMID: 38315036 PMCID: PMC10936170 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02448-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts play important roles in the life histories of herbivorous insects by impacting their development, survival, reproduction, and stress tolerance. How endosymbionts may affect the interactions between plants and insect herbivores is still largely unclear. Here, we show that endosymbiotic Rickettsia belli can provide mutual benefits also outside of their hosts when the sap-sucking whitefly Bemisia tabaci transmits them to plants. This transmission facilitates the spread of Rickettsia but is shown to also enhance the performance of the whitefly and co-infesting caterpillars. In contrast, Rickettsia infection enhanced plant resistance to several pathogens. Inside the plants, Rickettsia triggers the expression of salicylic acid-related genes and the two pathogen-resistance genes TGA 2.1 and VRP, whereas they repressed genes of the jasmonic acid pathway. Performance experiments using wild type and mutant tomato plants confirmed that Rickettsia enhances the plants' suitability for insect herbivores but makes them more resistant to fungal and viral pathogens. Our results imply that endosymbiotic Rickettsia of phloem-feeding insects affects plant defenses in a manner that facilitates their spread and transmission. This novel insight into how insects can exploit endosymbionts to manipulate plant defenses also opens possibilities to interfere with their ability to do so as a crop protection strategy. IMPORTANCE Most insects are associated with symbiotic bacteria in nature. These symbionts play important roles in the life histories of herbivorous insects by impacting their development, survival, reproduction as well as stress tolerance. Rickettsia is one important symbiont to the agricultural pest whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Here, for the first time, we revealed that the persistence of Rickettsia symbionts in tomato leaves significantly changed the defense pattern of tomato plants. These changes benefit both sap-feeding and leaf-chewing herbivore insects, such as increasing the fecundity of whitefly adults, enhancing the growth and development of the noctuid Spodoptera litura, but reducing the pathogenicity of Verticillium fungi and TYLCV virus to tomato plants distinctively. Our study unraveled a new horizon for the multiple interaction theories among plant-insect-bacterial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiong Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qing-Jun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- FARCE Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Peng-Jun Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Huangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Lestari SM, Khatun MF, Acharya R, Sharma SR, Shrestha YK, Jahan SMH, Aye TT, Lynn OM, Win NKK, Hoat TX, Thi Dao H, Tsai CW, Lee J, Hwang HS, Kil EJ, Lee S, Kim SM, Lee KY. Genetic diversity of cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci in Asia. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21981. [PMID: 36331499 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a species complex consisting of various genetically different cryptic species worldwide. To understand the genetic characteristics and geographic distribution of cryptic species of B. tabaci in Asia, we conducted an extensive collection of B. tabaci samples in ten Asian countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam) from 2013 to 2020 and determined 56 different partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA. In addition, information on 129 COI sequences of B. tabaci identified from 16 Asian countries was downloaded from the GenBank database. Among the total 185 COI sequences of B. tabaci, the sequence variation reached to 19.68%. In addition, there were 31 cryptic species updated from 16 countries in Asia, that is, Asia I, Asia I India, Asia II (1-13), Asia III, Asia IV, Asia V, China 1-6, MEAM (1, 2, K), MED, Australia/Indonesia, Japan (1 and 2). Further, MED cryptic species consisted of 2 clades, Q1 and Q2. This study provides updated information to understand the genetic variation and geographic diversity of B. tabaci in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanti Mugi Lestari
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mst Fatema Khatun
- Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushant Raj Sharma
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - S M Hemayet Jahan
- Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Tin-Tin Aye
- Department of Entomology, Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar
| | - Ohn Mar Lynn
- Department of Entomology, Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar
| | - Nang Kyu Kyu Win
- Department of Plant Pathology, Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar
| | | | - Hang Thi Dao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Chi-Wei Tsai
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jangha Lee
- PT. Koreana Seed Indonesia, Kediri Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Hwal-Su Hwang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicine, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sunkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Kim
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Yu Y, Wang Q, Zhou P, Lv N, Li W, Zhao F, Zhu S, Liu D. First Glimpse of Gut Microbiota of Quarantine Insects in China. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:394-404. [PMID: 35623445 PMCID: PMC9684152 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quarantine insects are economically important pests that frequently invade new habitats. A rapid and accurate monitoring method to trace the geographical sources of invaders is required for their prevention, detection, and eradication. Current methods based on genetics are typically time-consuming. Here, we developed a novel tracing method based on insect gut microbiota. The source location of the insect gut microbiota can be used to rapidly determine the geographical origin of the insect. We analyzed 179 gut microbiota samples from 591 individuals of 22 quarantine insect species collected from 36 regions in China. The gut microbiota of these insects primarily included Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes. The diversity of the insect gut microbiota was closely associated with geographical and environmental factors. Different insect species could be distinguished based on the composition of gut microbiota at the phylum level. Populations of individual insect species from different regions could be distinguished based on the composition of gut microbiota at the phylum, class, and order levels. A method for determining the geographical origins of invasive insect species has been established; however, its practical application requires further investigations before implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Yu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China,Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Virus Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Na Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Li
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Virus Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 102206, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Di Liu
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Virus Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding authors.
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Yu Y, Wang Y, Li H, Yu X, Shi W, Zhai J. Comparison of Microbial Communities in Colorado Potato Beetles ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) Collected From Different Sources in China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:639913. [PMID: 33815327 PMCID: PMC8017321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in insects are related to their geographical sources and contribute to adaptation to the local habitat. The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (CPB) is a potato pest that causes serious economic losses in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XJ) and Heilongjiang Province (HL), China. The influence of microorganisms in the invasion and dispersal of CPB is unclear. We studied microbial communities of CPB collected from nine geographic sources in China using high throughput sequencing technology. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla, Clostridia, Bacteroidetes, and γ-Proteobacteria were the most dominant classes, Enterobacterales, Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Bacteroidales were the most dominant orders, and Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcidae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, and Rikenellaceae were the most dominant families. There were significant differences, among sources, in the relative abundance of taxa at the genus level. A total of 383 genera were identified, and the dominant bacteria at the genus level were compared between XJ and HL. Pseudomonas was the unique dominant microorganism in the HL area, and the other four microorganisms (Lelliottia, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, and Lactococcus) were common within the 2 regions. Bacterial community diversity in CPB from Urumqi, Jimunai, and Wenquan was higher than diversity in other regions. T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE) analysis indicated that order and genus were appropriate taxonomic levels to distinguish geographical sources of CPB. These findings provide insight into the diversity of microorganisms of CPB in the differences among geographically isolated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Yu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hongwei Li
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.,Department of Insects, School of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Insects, School of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
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Malekmohammadi M, Galehdari H. Target site insensitivity mutations in the AChE enzyme confer resistance to organophosphorous insecticides in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 126:85-91. [PMID: 26778439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrated the use and optimization of the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR procedure to detect and analyze the frequency of the R30K and I392T mutations in resistant field populations of CPB. The R30K mutation was detected in 72%, 84%, 52% and 64% of Bahar, Dehpiaz, Aliabad and Yengijeh populations, respectively. Overall frequencies of the I392T mutation were 12%, 8% and 16% of Bahar, Aliabad and Yengijeh populations, respectively. No I392T point mutation was found among samples from Dehpiaz field population. Moreover, only 31% and 2% of samples from the resistant field populations were homozygous for R30K and I392T mutations, respectively. No individual simultaneously had both I392T and S291G/R30K point mutations. The incidence of individuals with both S291G and R30K point mutations in the samples from Bahar, Dehpiaz, Aliabad, and Yengijeh populations were 31.5%, 44.7%, 41.6%, and 27.3% respectively. Genotypes determined by the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method were consistent with those determined by PCR sequencing. There was no significant correlation between the mutation frequencies and resistance levels in the resistant populations, indicating that other mutations may contribute to this variation. Polymorphism in the partial L. decemlineata cDNA AChE gene Ldace2 of four field populations was identified by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified fragments. Among 45 novel mutations detected in this study, T29P mutation was found across all four field populations that likely contribute to the AChE insensitivity. Site-directed mutagenesis and protein expression experiments are needed for a more complete evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malekmohammadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - H Galehdari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran.
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