Pobożniak M, Gaborska M, Wójtowicz T. Resistance and tolerance of ten carrot cultivars to the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt., in Poland.
PLoS One 2021;
16:e0247978. [PMID:
33651829 PMCID:
PMC7924882 DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0247978]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage caused to cultivated carrots by the hawthorn-carrot aphid,
Dysaphis crataegi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of
the factors limiting carrot production in Poland. Planting resistant and
tolerant cultivars could reduce yield losses due to the damage caused by this
pest. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance and/or tolerance of 10
carrot genotypes to hawthorn-carrot aphid. Their field resistance was determined
under field conditions based on five indicators, namely, mean number of alates
(migrants) per plant and mean percentage of plants colonized by them, mean
seasonal number of aphids per plant, mean number of aphids per plant and mean
percentage of infested plants at peak abundance. Antibiosis experiments were
conducted under laboratory conditions and pre-reproductive, reproductive time,
fertility, and demographic parameters, represented by the net reproduction rate
(Ro), intrinsic rate of
increase (rm) and mean generation
time (T), were calculated. Five cultivars, Afro F1,
Nipomo F1, Samba F1, White Satin F1, and
Yellowstone showed field resistance. Antibiosis experiments revealed significant
differences among the carrot cultivars in the length of the reproductive period,
female fecundity in the time equal to the pre-reproduction time, and total
progeny of hawthorn-carrot aphid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase
(rm) for apterous aphids varied
significantly, ranging between 0.181 (Nipomo F1) and 0.343
females/female/day (White Satin F1). Additionally, the estimated net
reproductive rate (R0) was the lowest on Nipomo F1, and
this genotype was determined to be resistant. Our results suggest that a very
high density of trichomes on the leaf petioles (71.94 trichomes/cm2)
could adversely affect the feeding, bionomy, and demographic parameters of
hawthorn-carrot aphid on the cultivar Nipomo F1. In addition, Napa
F1 and Kongo F1 demonstrated high tolerance.
Considering all the results collectively, four genotypes, Afro F1,
Kongo F1, Napa F1 and Nipomo F1, were
relatively resistant/tolerant to the hawthorn-carrot aphid.
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