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de Oliveira SJ, Nascimento VF, de Lacerda LB, de Souza JM, Ramalho DG, Izidro YE, De Bortoli SA. Predator-Prey Interaction Between Xylocoris sordidus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Enneothrips enigmaticus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:391-399. [PMID: 38347318 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The peanut thrips, Enneothrips enigmaticus (Thysanoptera: Thrypidae), is an important pest of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in South America. Due to concerns about the environment and human health induced by the extensive use of pesticides in the management control of pests, environmentally and friendlier tactics must be targeted. Thus, this study investigates, for the first time, the behavior of Xylocoris sordidus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) as a biological control agent for E. enigmaticus. The methodology included no-choice tests to assess whether the predation rate varies according to the developmental stage of the prey, as well as the predator's developmental stage with the highest predation capacity. Additionally, an analysis of the functional response of adult and 5th instar nymphs of X. sordidus exposed to different densities of E. enigmaticus nymphs (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32) was conducted. The results confirm the predation of peanut thrips by X. sordidus, with a higher predation rate in the nymphal stages of the prey. There was no difference in predation capacity between predator nymphs and adults, and exhibiting a type II functional response. Therefore, the potential of X. sordidus as a biological control agent for E. enigmaticus is confirmed, showing the importance of adopting measures to preserve this predator in peanut crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Juvenal de Oliveira
- Dept of Agricultural Production Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias (FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Ferraz Nascimento
- Dept of Agricultural Production Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias (FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Barbosa de Lacerda
- Dept of Agricultural Production Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias (FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Joice Mendonça de Souza
- Dept of Agricultural Production Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias (FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Dagmara Gomes Ramalho
- Dept of Agricultural Production Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias (FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Esteves Izidro
- Dept of Agricultural Production Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias (FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Antonio De Bortoli
- Dept of Agricultural Production Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias (FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Vargas G, Rivera-Pedroza LF, García LF, Jahnke SM. Conservation Biological Control as an Important Tool in the Neotropical Region. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:134-151. [PMID: 36449176 PMCID: PMC9709742 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The history and recent developments of conservation biological control (CBC) in the context of industrialized and small-scale agriculture are discussed from theoretical framework available in the Neotropical region. A historical perspective is presented in terms of the transition of the way pests have been controlled since ancestral times, while some of these techniques persist in some areas cultivated on a small-scale agriculture. The context of industrialized agriculture sets the stage for the transition from chemical pesticides promoted in the green revolution to the more modern concept of IPM and finds in conservation biological an important strategy in relation to more sustainable pest management options meeting new consumer demands for cleaner products and services. However, it also noted that conservation, considered within a more integrative approach, establishes its foundations on an overall increase in floral biodiversity, that is, transversal to both small-scale and industrialized areas. In the latter case, we present examples where industrialized agriculture is implementing valuable efforts in the direction of conservation and new technologies are envisioned within more sustainable plant production systems and organizational commitment having that conservation biological control has become instrumental to environmental management plans. In addition, a metanalysis on the principal organisms associated with conservation efforts is presented. Here, we found that hymenopteran parasitoids resulted in the most studied group, followed by predators, where arachnids constitute a well-represented group, while predatory vertebrates are neglected in terms of reports on CBC. Our final remarks describe new avenues of research needed and highlight the need of cooperation networks to propose research, public outreach, and adoption as strategic to educate costumers and participants on the importance of conservation as main tool in sustainable pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Vargas
- Colombian Sugarcane Research Center (Cenicaña), San Antonio de los Caballeros, Vía Cali-Florida Km 26, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Leonardo F. Rivera-Pedroza
- Colombian Sugarcane Research Center (Cenicaña), San Antonio de los Caballeros, Vía Cali-Florida Km 26, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Luis F. García
- Northeastern Regional University Center, University of the Republic, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Simone Mundstock Jahnke
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Phytosanitary Dept, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
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Zaviezo T, Muñoz AE. Conservation biological control of arthropod pests using native plants. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 56:101022. [PMID: 36918044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Habitat or vegetation manipulation is a strategy within conservation biological control, yet, its formal study is relatively recent and lacking in many parts of the world, particularly when using native plants. We found 56 studies dealing with native plants and conservation biological control, from 2002 to 2022. Most were carried out in developed countries, and studied the provision of flower resources to natural enemies' complexes in several crops. The main gaps in knowledge, similar to studies with non-native plants, were the lack of understanding mechanisms, unknown effects on pest populations, and absence of cost-benefit analyses. Breaching these gaps will allow this strategy to be more transferable among cropping systems and locations and will promote its use by farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Zaviezo
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Alejandra E Muñoz
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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Flausino BF, Machado CFM, Silva JHC, Ronchi CP, Pimentel MAG, Gontijo LM. Intercropping maize with brachiaria can be a double-edged sword strategy. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5243-5250. [PMID: 36054418 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercropping is commonly implemented as a way of promoting sustainable agriculture. Some of the benefits of intercropping include improving resource-use efficiency and soil quality as well as promoting pest control. As for pest control, intercropping can often engender pest repellency/confusion and promote natural biological control. Nevertheless, intercropping is not always a win-win strategy for pest management, with chances of sometimes either favoring or hampering pests and their natural enemies. Brazilian farmers commonly row-intercrop maize with brachiaria with the intent of forming a grass pasture for the feeding of livestock after maize harvest. However, very little is known about whether this intercropping can influence key pests and natural enemies in the maize agroecosystem. The overall aim of this study was to investigate how multiple groups of maize pests and natural enemies respond in terms of temporal abundance to this intercropping. RESULTS Defoliation caused by caterpillars was higher in the intercropping treatment. Intercropping appeared to promote Dalbulus maidis while hampering aphids and Diabrotica speciosa. In general, the abundance of natural enemies was favored by intercropping. There was a reduction in maize productivity (i.e. fresh weight) in the intercropping treatment. Most results were season dependent. CONCLUSION We believe that by considering together the pros and cons of intercropping maize and brachiaria in terms of pest management and soil conservation/fertility, the benefits of implementing this intercropping shall still outweigh its potential challenges. Nevertheless, the results and ensuing recommendations should be considered under the context of time and arthropod species. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F Flausino
- Graduate Program: Management and Conservation of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
| | - Carolina F M Machado
- Graduate Program: Management and Conservation of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
| | - José Hiago C Silva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
| | - Cláudio P Ronchi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
| | | | - Lessando M Gontijo
- Graduate Program: Management and Conservation of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
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Garcia AG, Malaquias JB, Ferreira CP, Tomé MP, Weber ID, Godoy WAC. Ecological Modelling of Insect Movement in Cropping Systems. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:321-334. [PMID: 33900576 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal dynamics of insect pests in agricultural landscapes involves the potential of species to move, invade, colonise, and establish in different areas. This study revised the dispersal of the important crop pests Diabrotica speciosa Germar and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) by using computational modelling to represent the movement of these polyphagous pests in agricultural mosaics. The findings raise significant questions regarding the dispersal of pests through crops and refuge areas, indicating that understanding pest movement is essential for developing strategies to predict critical infestation levels to assist in pest-management decisions. In addition, our modelling approach can be adapted for other insect species and other cropping systems despite discussing two specific species in the current manuscript. We present an overview of studies, combining experimentation and ecological modelling, discussing the methods used and the importance of studying insect movement as well as the implications for agricultural landscapes in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Gomes Garcia
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maysa Pereira Tomé
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Daniel Weber
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wang Z, Jia H, Yu H, Wang T, Yang B. Gene Analysis of Genetically Modified Soybean Lectin Based on Fluorescence Quantitative PCR. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:185-201. [PMID: 32979140 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering that the genetically modified soybean lectin gene is affected by the gene type, to improve the stability of the genetically modified soybean lectin gene, a method based on fluorescence quantitative PCR to analyze the genetic characteristics of the genetically modified soybean lectin was proposed. The common soybean varieties, Wangshuibai and Huangdou No. 3 were selected as materials for tissue-specific expression analysis. Under the background conditions of analyzing the genetically modified soybean lectin genes, fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to the analysis of genetic characteristics. The characteristics of the genetically modified soybean lectin gene were analyzed in terms of location characteristics and expression characteristics. The results showed that the soybean lectin gene has a complex functional mechanism and may participate in a variety of stress-related regulatory or signal transduction pathways in different ways; Lectin2.1 transcripts are expressed in abundance in glume and lemma in seedling tips, Lectin2.2 was mainly expressed in the roots, and a small amount was expressed in leaves and lemma; Lectin2.1 and Lectin2.2 are highly similar in nucleic acid and amino acid composition, and have similar subcellular localization characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Basic Courses, NCO Institute of Army Academy of Armored Forces, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130600, China.
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Iuliano B, Gratton C. Temporal Resource (Dis)continuity for Conservation Biological Control: From Field to Landscape Scales. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fernandes ACSA, Gontijo LM. Terracing field slopes can concurrently mitigate soil erosion and promote sustainable pest management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 269:110801. [PMID: 32561010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Convincing farmers to allot refuge areas for natural enemies is a challenge due to their fear of losing farming space. But, increasing the benefits beyond enhancing natural enemy conservation may further incentivize the adoption of refuge areas, which then would concomitantly favor biological control and other purposes. For example, the construction of terrace embankments on field slopes is essential to mitigate soil erosion; and this is better attained when vegetation occurs atop the terraces. Our insight is that these vegetated terraces can serve a dual purpose of preventing soil erosion as well as sheltering natural enemies and potentially diverting the attack of herbivorous pests. Therefore, in this two-year field study we assessed the abundance of natural enemies and pests as well as leaf damage and plant mass in maize plots cultivated between either vegetated or unvegetated terraces. The proportion of maize defoliation in the unvegetated-terrace treatment was about twice as high as the defoliation observed in the vegetated-terrace treatment during both years. The most abundant spontaneous vegetation occurring on the terraces comprised the grasses Panicum maximum Jacq. and Brachiaria decumbens (Stapf), which appeared to shelter herbivorous pests such as leafhoppers, spittlebugs and Chrysomelidae beetles as well as natural enemies. Specifically, a higher abundance of flying predators including wasps, ladybeetles and syrphids was observed in the vegetated-terrace treatment. Taken together, these results indicate the potential for vegetated terraces to concurrently mitigate soil erosion and promote pest control by means of enhancing natural enemy conservation as well as diverting pest attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C S A Fernandes
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, 35690-000, Brazil
| | - Lessando M Gontijo
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, 35690-000, Brazil; Graduate Program: Management and Conservation of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Federal University of Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, 35690-000, Brazil.
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Alvarez-Baca JK, Alfaro-Tapia A, Lavandero B, Le Lann C, Van Baaren J. Suitability and Profitability of a Cereal Aphid for the Parasitoid Aphidius platensis in the Context of Conservation Biological Control of Myzus persicae in Orchards. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060381. [PMID: 32575581 PMCID: PMC7349642 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of cover crops can promote the abundance and early arrival of populations of natural enemies. Cereal cover crops between orchards rows could encourage the early arrival of the parasitoid Aphidius platensis, as they offer alternative winter hosts (e.g., Rhopalosiphum padi), enhancing the control of Myzus persicae in spring. However, the preference for and suitability of the alternative host must be addressed beforehand. To evaluate the potential of this strategy, we assessed host preference using behavioural choice tests, as well as no-choice tests measuring fitness traits, when developing on both host species. One source field for each aphid population from the above hosts was chosen. There was a clear choice for R. padi compared to M persicae, independently of the source, probably due to more defensive behaviours of M. persicae (i.e., kicks and escapes). Nevertheless, both aphid species were suitable for parasitoids’ development. The female progeny developed on R. padi were larger in size, irrespective of their origin. According to our results, in peach orchards with cereals sown between peach trees during the autumn, where we expect when R. padi populations will no longer be available during spring, A. platensis should be able to switch to M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer K. Alvarez-Baca
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (J.K.A.-B.); (A.A.-T.)
- UMR 6553 Ecobio, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France; (C.L.L.); (J.V.B.)
| | - Armando Alfaro-Tapia
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (J.K.A.-B.); (A.A.-T.)
- UMR 6553 Ecobio, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France; (C.L.L.); (J.V.B.)
| | - Blas Lavandero
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (J.K.A.-B.); (A.A.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-71-2200271
| | - Cécile Le Lann
- UMR 6553 Ecobio, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France; (C.L.L.); (J.V.B.)
| | - Joan Van Baaren
- UMR 6553 Ecobio, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France; (C.L.L.); (J.V.B.)
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Affiliation(s)
- E M G Fontes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PQEB s/n°, CEP 71510-230, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - R Laumann
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PQEB s/n°, CEP 71510-230, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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