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da Silva PH, Ferreira Júnior WS, Zank S, do Nascimento ALB, de Abreu MC. The influence of exotic and native plants on illnesses with physical and spiritual causes in the semiarid region of Piauí, Northeast of Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:24. [PMID: 38409039 PMCID: PMC10895823 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local medical systems (LMS) include native and exotic plants used for the treatment of diseases of physical and spiritual nature. The incorporation of exotic plants into these systems has been the subject of many studies. In this context, an analysis was conducted on the influence of the origin of plants on diseases of physical and spiritual nature in order to evaluate the therapeutic versatility of native and exotic species in these therapeutic targets, to investigate whether exotic plants mainly fill gaps not met by native plants (diversification hypothesis), and identify which species are prioritized in the redundant targets in these two therapeutic groups in the rural community of Morrinhos, Monsenhor Hipólito, Piauí. METHODS Data collection took place in 2 stages. First, free lists and semi-structured interviews with local residents (n = 134) were conducted to survey plants used for therapeutic purposes and the associated illnesses. Then, another phase of interviews was carried out to evaluate the prioritization between native and exotic plants in redundant therapeutic targets. To test the diversification hypothesis (DH) in each group of illnesses, data were analyzed using generalized linear models (Poisson and Binomial GLMs); versatility was measured by the number of therapeutic indications and compared between resources using the Mann-Whitney test, and prioritization in each group was verified by comparing the proportions of native and exotic plants with the χ2 test. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-two species of plants were surveyed, being 71 exotic and 61 native, with indications for physical and spiritual illnesses. The results revealed that the diversification hypothesis did not explain the inclusion of exotic plants in the local medical system to treat physical or spiritual illnesses and that the therapeutic versatility of exotic and native resources in the two groups was also similar (p > 0.05). However, exotic plants were prioritized in illnesses with physical causes and native plants in illnesses with spiritual causes. CONCLUSIONS The local medical system presents similar and distinct patterns in the therapeutic targets, depending on the perspective evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the patterns of use of medicinal plants in different sociocultural contexts in order to broaden the debate about the role of plant origin in the selection of treatments for illnesses with different causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação (PPGBC), Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Floriano, Piauí, Brazil.
| | | | - Sofia Zank
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana e Etnobotânica (ECOHE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Borba do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação (PPGBC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina de Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação (PPGBC), Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Floriano, Piauí, Brazil
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Long X, Ranjitkar S, Waldstein A, Wu H, Li Q, Geng Y. Preliminary exploration of herbal tea products based on traditional knowledge and hypotheses concerning herbal tea selection: a case study in Southwest Guizhou, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:1. [PMID: 38169414 PMCID: PMC10763305 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal tea usually refers to "beverage plants that do not belong to the genus Camellia", and it holds a significant historical legacy as a traditional beverage among specific regions and ethnic groups. In light of this, our research aims to investigate and analyze the traditional knowledge pertaining to herbal tea plants used by local people in the Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. We also initiated preliminary efforts to create tea products from herbal tea leaves using various processing techniques. Additionally, we attempted to test hypotheses to elucidate how local people select herbal tea plants. METHODS Data related to the use of herbal tea plants in this study were collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observations in four villages in Qianxinan. Quantitative indicators, including the relative frequency of citation (RFC) and the relative importance (RI) value, were calculated, and the availability of plants was also evaluated. General linear model was performed to examine the relationship between the frequency of citation and resource availability, as well as the correlation between the relative frequency of citation and the relative importance, to test both the resource availability hypothesis and the versatility hypothesis. Centella asiatica tea was processed using techniques from green tea, black tea and white tea, with a preliminary sensory evaluation conducted. RESULTS A total of 114 plant species were documented as being used for herbal teas by local residents, representing 60 families and 104 genera. Of these, 61% of herbal tea plants were found growing in the wild, and 11 species were exotic plants. The family with the highest number of species was Asteraceae (20 species). The study identified 33 major medicinal functions of herbal tea, with clearing heat-toxin and diuresis being the most common functions. General linear model revealed a strong correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.72, p < 0.001) between the frequency of citation and plant availability, as well as a significant correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.63, p < 0.001) between RFC and RI. Under different processing conditions, the characteristics of Centella asiatica tea exhibited variations and were found to be suitable for consumption. CONCLUSION The consumption of herbal tea serves as a preventive measure against common ailments for local residents. The resource availability hypothesis, diversification hypothesis and the versatility hypothesis were shown to provide some insight into "how and why local communities select plants for use." Exotic herbal tea plants in the study area also possess valuable therapeutic properties. The processing and production of Centella asiatica herbal tea products hold promising prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Long
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Sailesh Ranjitkar
- N.Gene Solution of Natural Innovation, Kathmandu, Nepal
- School of Developmental Studies and Applied Sciences, Lumbini Buddhist University, Lumbini, Nepal
- Resources Himalaya Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Anna Waldstein
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Huan Wu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanfei Geng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Abreu MB, Ferraz TSDO, Albuquerque UP, Ferreira Júnior WS. Interactions between local medical systems and the biomedical system: a conceptual and methodological review in light of hybridization subprocesses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:60. [PMID: 38093307 PMCID: PMC10720130 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Local medical systems (LMSs) are complex and dynamic, encompassing local perceptions of diseases, prevention and treatment strategies, and evaluations of therapeutic responses. These systems are not isolated and interact with other medical systems, such as the biomedical system. The interaction between these systems creates a "contact zone", which some authors refer to as intermedicality, involving both competitive and complementary interactions. However, there is limited discussion in the literature regarding the complexity of these interactions. Some studies seek to understand this interaction through the lens of hybridization, a concept introduced to ethnobiology by Ana Ladio and Ulysses Albuquerque. The authors conceptualize hybridization as "discrete structures and practices coming together to form a new practice not necessarily implying homogenization." They discuss hybridization in the context of medicinal plants used in urban settings and propose seven hybridization subprocesses to gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. In this study, we update these hybridization subprocesses, expanding the concepts to comprehend the specific interaction of resources from LMS and biomedical systems known and used by different human groups. In this context, we propose a new subprocess and have made adjustments to the existing subprocesses to encompass the diversity of possible interactions between medicinal plants and pharmaceuticals, providing evidence from the literature demonstrating interactions that can be classified within the proposed subprocesses. Furthermore, we discuss, from a theoretical standpoint, how these subprocesses may have implications for the resilience of medical systems. Moreover, we propose a flowchart that can be utilized to identify these hybridization subprocesses in intermedicality contexts in future studies. These classifications are crucial because they enable us to comprehend the complexity of interactions between medicinal plants and pharmaceuticals, as well as the impacts that these different interactions can have on the resilience of LMSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barros Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigações Bioculturais no Semiárido, Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Petrolina, Rodovia BR 203, Km2, s/n - Vila Eduardo, Petrolina, PE, 56328903, Brazil
| | - Thais Samila de Oliveira Ferraz
- Laboratório de Investigações Bioculturais no Semiárido, Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Petrolina, Rodovia BR 203, Km2, s/n - Vila Eduardo, Petrolina, PE, 56328903, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-900, Brazil
| | - Washington Soares Ferreira Júnior
- Laboratório de Investigações Bioculturais no Semiárido, Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Petrolina, Rodovia BR 203, Km2, s/n - Vila Eduardo, Petrolina, PE, 56328903, Brazil.
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Gomes LCA, Medeiros PMD, Prata APDN. Patterns of use of wild food plants by Brazilian local communities: systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:47. [PMID: 37880767 PMCID: PMC10601232 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to investigate the patterns of use of native wild food plants of Brazil (native and non-cultivated). METHODS We searched ethnobiological works with food plants in Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus and PubMed using different sets of keywords. Initially, the studies were evaluated based on inclusion criteria (systematic data collection instruments, such as interviews; specification of methods for data collection; and the presence of a species list). The methodological quality of each study was evaluated to define the risk of bias. A total of 20 articles met all criteria and were included in the review. RESULTS The results showed that there was a predominance of consumption of fruits, followed by leaves and seeds, which together represented 85.8% of the total parts. As for the meta-analysis, there was a predominance of use of plant parts classified as reproductive, non-persistent, non-destructive and parts of woody plants. There was no interference from the type of ecosystem (seasonally dry x moist). The results did not support the seasonality hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of studies in the Northeast, Southeast and South regions of Brazil and in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes points to the need for a greater effort in terms of quantitative ethnobotanical research in other regions and biomes. The predominance of fruits and plant parts classified as reproductive, non-persistent and non-destructive points to the high potential for implementation of sustainable management strategies aimed at these plants in the country.
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López-Patiño EJ, Vibrans H, Moctezuma-Pérez S, Chávez-Mejía MC. Ecological apparency, ethnobotanical importance and perceptions of population status of wild-growing medicinal plants in a reserve of south-central Mexico. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:66. [PMID: 36369160 PMCID: PMC9652844 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apparency hypothesis in ethnobotany (common plants are used more than less frequent ones) has been studied mostly by comparing usefulness with woody plant density, or large plants (trees) with herbs, with uneven results. Here, we explore the hypothesis for wild-growing medicinal plants, separately for different life forms. Two methodological subjects relevant for testing the hypothesis are also treated: We compare various importance indicators, including recent use, and evaluate active healers' knowledge of plant population size. The study area was the Tenancingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán Protected Natural Area in central Mexico in the upper part of the Balsas River Basin, a biogeographic region with a long tradition of using wild medicinal species. METHODS Previous work on the vegetation of the protected area contributed information from 100 survey plots and a species list, which included preliminary data on the medicinal plants. Then, in 2019-2020, we held in-depth and repeated interviews with 13 traditional healers in three rural communities. They were interviewed on uses and population size of a selection of 52 medicinal species of different life forms and abundance (number of individuals in survey plots). The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, use values and linear regression models. RESULTS For all species, use value correlated significantly with abundance. When separated by life forms, only herbs and shrubs/lianas showed this association, though with statistical limitations. Trees did not, perhaps because some of the most useful trees have been overcollected. We found a good correlation of recent use with frequency of mention and most other importance indicators; the correlation was weakest for number of uses. Also, active healers had a good estimation of population of their collected species. CONCLUSIONS The apparency hypothesis should be studied separating life forms to reduce the influence of this variable. To measure importance for the study of this hypothesis, the data show that frequency of mention is a good indicator and correlated with actual use. Also, local plant users' appreciations of population size are quite accurate in the aggregate and may be more efficient than costly vegetation surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Josefina López-Patiño
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50090 Toluca, Estado de México Mexico
| | - Heike Vibrans
- Laboratorio de Etnobotánica, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas, Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Federal México-Texcoco, 56230 Montecillo, Estado de México Mexico
| | - Sergio Moctezuma-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50090 Toluca, Estado de México Mexico
| | - María Cristina Chávez-Mejía
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50090 Toluca, Estado de México Mexico
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da Cunha SS, Ramos MB, de Almeida HA, Maciel MGR, de Souza SM, Pedrosa KM, de Faria Lopes S. Vegetation cover and seasonality as indicators for selection of forage resources by local agro-pastoralists in the Brazilian semiarid region. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15174. [PMID: 36071152 PMCID: PMC9452531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18282-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Local knowledge and uses of forage resources are highly dynamic, and can be mediated by multiple factors, such as seasonality, floristic diversity and the morphophysiological characteristics of plants. We investigate how seasonality and vegetation cover mediate the use of forage resources. The study was carried out with agro-pastoralists from two areas of Brazilian semiarid region. To select the areas, we used the normalized difference vegetation index. We selected one area with low vegetation cover (Area I) and another with high vegetation cover (Area II). Respondents were selected using the snowball technique. Using semi-structured interviews, we collect the information about forage use in the dry and rainy seasons, preferences of ruminants and specific characteristics of plant species. A total of 57 informants were interviewed in the two areas. We used the Chi-square test to assess differences in the richness of species cited between areas, seasons (dry/rainy), origins (exotic/native) and strate (herbaceous/woody). Our results revealed that agro-pastoralists living in the area with the highest vegetation cover (Area II) cited a greater number of species. We found that the use and selection of species is guided by a series of functional characters, related to palatability and nutritional value, which change between seasons. These results highlight the vast knowledge of ecological characteristics of species and diet of ruminants acquired by agro-pastoralists during field experience, with seasonality defining the use of species. Different from what we expected, the richness of exotic species mentioned did not differ between areas. This diversity of information contributes to a better understanding of the use of forage resources and indicates the importance of including local experiences as strategies to ensure proper use and provide insights for the conservation of local resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaly Silva da Cunha
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Maiara Bezerra Ramos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brazil.
| | - Humberto Araújo de Almeida
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brazil.,Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 31, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Gracielle Rodrigues Maciel
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Stefanny Martins de Souza
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Kamila Marques Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Faria Lopes
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brazil
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Sousa DCP, Ferreira Júnior WS, Albuquerque UP. Short-term temporal analysis and children's knowledge of the composition of important medicinal plants: the structural core hypothesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:51. [PMID: 35810291 PMCID: PMC9270830 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of the importance of medicinal plants have long been used in ethnobotany and ethnobiology to understand the influence of social-ecological system factors in the formation of individuals' differential knowledge and use. However, there is still a gap in empirical studies that seek to understand the temporal aspects of this process. METHODS To overcome this issue, we used the concept of the structural core of medicinal plants, a theoretical-evolutionary model, which argues that the importance of medicinal plant resources is related to the increase in individual and population fitness. It represents the set of the most effective and available resources that would treat the most common diseases in an environment. This composition of knowledge would be conservative over space and time. To test these questions, we hypothesized that the composition of the structural core remains constant during temporal changes in a social-ecological context, and that the composition of the infantile structural core (new generation) is similar to that of the adults (older generation). For 2 years, we tracked the structure of important medicinal plants among the same 49 residents of a community located in Vale do Catimbau in Pernambuco, Brazil. We also compared the importance of the medicinal plants among two different generations, children/adolescents and adults, in the same space/time context. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our results refuted both hypotheses. Regarding the composition of important medicinal plants through temporal variations and for children's learning, our results were not predicted by the model. This suggests that the structural core should not be regarded as a conservative phenomenon, but rather a congenital, dynamic, and plastic occurrence that has adapted to configure itself as a short-term population response to the treatment of local diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carvalho Pires Sousa
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
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da Silva Souza LV, Marques J, de Oliveira Campos LZ, de Freitas Lins Neto EM. Socioeconomic factors influencing knowledge and consumption of food plants by a human group in a mountainous environment in the semiarid region of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:44. [PMID: 35706044 PMCID: PMC9202187 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of people with natural resources is guided by different sociocultural, ecological and evolutionary factors. Regarding food plants, it is not different. Studies around the world have evaluated the effects of socioeconomic factors, such as age, gender, income, profession, education level, time of residence, ethnic diversity, religion, festive rituals, access to urban areas and migrations. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to characterize the diversity of knowledge and use of food plants by people from Serra dos Morgados and evaluate if the socioeconomic factors influence knowledge and consumption of food plants in the community. METHODOLOGY This research was conducted in the village of Serra dos Morgados, municipality of Jaguarari, Bahia, with the purpose of evaluating the factors that influence in the knowledge and use of food plants. Socioeconomic data such as age, gender, time of residence, and monthly income were collected. The free list technique was applied during the collection of ethnobotanical data in order to analyze the preference of the plants based on the salience index (SI). To analyze the factors that influence knowledge and use forms, we used GLM Lasso. RESULTS A total of 33 people were interviewed, 8 men and 25 women; their age ranged from 30 to 82 years. People cited 98 species of plants, 41 species being identified of spontaneous occurrence. The plant with the highest salience index (SI) was "cheirosa" (Psidium ganevii) (SI = 0.5679), followed by "massaranduba" (Micropholis sp.) (SI = 0.4323); "araça" (Campomanesia guazumifolia) (SI = 0.3320); and "cambuí" (Siphoneugena sp.) (SI = 0.3144). CONCLUSIONS The main factors that influence knowledge and use forms in the locality were family income and the collection site, with homegardens cited as the preferred area for collection of food plants. This study provided an overview related to potentially important species for a community located in a region where there are few ethnobiological studies. The results presented here can be used in future studies, providing clues for investigations. Also, there is a contribution to the conservation of biocultural aspects related to the use of food plants in a community living in mountainous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Vitor da Silva Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Humana e Gestão Socioambiental, Universidade do Estado da Bahia-UNEB, Juazeiro, Brazil
| | - Juracy Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Humana e Gestão Socioambiental, Universidade do Estado da Bahia-UNEB, Juazeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ernani Machado de Freitas Lins Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Humana e Gestão Socioambiental, Universidade do Estado da Bahia-UNEB, Juazeiro, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco-UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil.
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Sena PHA, Gonçalves‐Souza T, Gonçalves PHS, Ferreira PSM, Gusmão RAF, Melo FPL. Biocultural restoration improves delivery of ecosystem services in social‐ecological landscapes. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. A. Sena
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada, Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av Prof Moraes Rego SN Recife Brasil 50670901 Brazil
- Laboratório de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife 52171‐900 Brazil
| | - Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza
- Laboratório de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife 52171‐900 Brazil
| | - Paulo H. S. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av Prof Moraes Rego SN Recife Brasil 50670901 Brazil
| | - Paulo S. M. Ferreira
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza 60020‐181 Brazil
| | - Reginaldo A. F. Gusmão
- Laboratório de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife 52171‐900 Brazil
| | - Felipe P. L. Melo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada, Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av Prof Moraes Rego SN Recife Brasil 50670901 Brazil
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Medicines in the Kitchen: Gender Roles Shape Ethnobotanical Knowledge in Marrakshi Households. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102332. [PMID: 34681381 PMCID: PMC8535590 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in gendered knowledge about plants are contingent on specific cultural domains. Yet the boundaries between these domains, for example food and medicine, are sometimes blurred, and it is unclear if and how gender plays a role in creating a continuum between them. Here, we present an in-depth evaluation of the links between gender, medicinal plant knowledge, and culinary culture in Marrakech, Morocco. We interviewed 30 women and 27 men with different socio-demographic characteristics and evaluated how gender and cooking frequency shape their food and medicinal plant knowledge. We documented 171 ethno-taxa used in Marrakshi households as food, medicine, or both, corresponding to 148 botanical taxa and three mixtures. While no clear differences appear in food plant knowledge by gender, women have a three-fold greater knowledge of medicinal plants, as well as plants with both uses as food and medicine. Women’s medicinal and food plant knowledge increases with their reported frequency of cooking, whereas the opposite trend is observed among men. Men who cook more are often single, have university-level degrees, and may be isolated from the channels of knowledge transmission. This demonstrates that the profound relations between the culinary and health domains are mediated through gender.
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Gender differences in traditional knowledge of useful plants in a Brazilian community. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253820. [PMID: 34320019 PMCID: PMC8318302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genders differ in traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about plants, but how gender influences TEK sharing is still poorly understood. Here, we examined how gender is associated with the diversity, transmission, and structure of TEK. We tested whether women and men differ in terms of plant knowledge (species richness, α-diversity), knowledge heterogeneity (β-diversity), and in the structure of social-ecological networks they form. The study was carried out in a suburban community in the city of Ouro Preto, Southeastern, Brazil. Using the snow-ball technique, semi-structured interviews, guided tours, and participant observation, we gathered information from 33 women and 33 men in the community. We collected information about their culture, social-economic profiles, and plant knowledge from which we identified 291 plant species in 10 use categories. Overall, our results indicated that the cognition and sharing of ethnobotanical knowledge are structured by gender. Women rated better in their plant knowledge repertory (greater α-diversity), while plant knowledge among men was more heterogeneous (greater β-diversity), suggesting less information sharing among them. We observed that the network among women is more connected, exhibited greater information sharing, with a greater number of central individuals, who likely provide the cohesion and maintenance of TEK in the community. Our findings indicate how social-ecological networks can provide insights and information to unveil social patterns of knowledge transmission. Understanding how TEK is fostered and shared among community members will favor better planning of ethnobotanical studies, as well as inform decision-makers about strategies for the conservation of plant TEK.
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Gaoue OG, Moutouama JK, Coe MA, Bond MO, Green E, Sero NB, Bezeng BS, Yessoufou K. Methodological advances for hypothesis-driven ethnobiology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2281-2303. [PMID: 34056816 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethnobiology as a discipline has evolved increasingly to embrace theory-inspired and hypothesis-driven approaches to study why and how local people choose plants and animals they interact with and use for their livelihood. However, testing complex hypotheses or a network of ethnobiological hypotheses is challenging, particularly for data sets with non-independent observations due to species phylogenetic relatedness or socio-relational links between participants. Further, to account fully for the dynamics of local ecological knowledge, it is important to include the spatially explicit distribution of knowledge, changes in knowledge, and knowledge transmission and use. To promote the use of advanced statistical modelling approaches that address these limitations, we synthesize methodological advances for hypothesis-driven research in ethnobiology while highlighting the need for more figures than tables and more tables than text in ethnobiological literature. We present the ethnobiological motivations for conducting generalized linear mixed-effect modelling, structural equation modelling, phylogenetic generalized least squares, social network analysis, species distribution modelling, and predictive modelling. For each element of the proposed ethnobiologists quantitative toolbox, we present practical applications along with scripts for a widespread implementation. Because these statistical modelling approaches are rarely taught in most ethnobiological programs but are essential for careers in academia or industry, it is critical to promote workshops and short courses focused on these advanced methods. By embracing these quantitative modelling techniques without sacrificing qualitative approaches which provide essential context, ethnobiology will progress further towards an expansive interaction with other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orou G Gaoue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, U.S.A.,Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.,Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, BP 123, Benin
| | - Jacob K Moutouama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, U.S.A
| | - Michael A Coe
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, 101, Honolulu, HI, 96822, U.S.A
| | - Matthew O Bond
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, 101, Honolulu, HI, 96822, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Green
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, U.S.A
| | - Nadejda B Sero
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, U.S.A
| | - Bezeng S Bezeng
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Kowiyou Yessoufou
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
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de Medeiros PM, Figueiredo KF, Gonçalves PHS, Caetano RDA, Santos ÉMDC, Dos Santos GMC, Barbosa DM, de Paula M, Mapeli AM. Wild plants and the food-medicine continuum-an ethnobotanical survey in Chapada Diamantina (Northeastern Brazil). JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2021; 17:37. [PMID: 34039374 PMCID: PMC8157413 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical research has demonstrated that several wild food plants (WFP) are used for medicinal purposes. Therefore, in addition to constituting an important source of nutrients, WFP can be used to help treat and avoid health problems. This study sought to characterize the traditional use of plants considered simultaneously as food and medicine by local specialists in the community of Caeté-Açu, which borders Chapada Diamantina National Park (NE Brazil). We also sought to identify the variables that influence the species' cultural importance. METHODS We selected local specialists based on a snowball sample and used a free-listing technique to register the wild plants they knew that are both edible and medicinal. Then, we asked the specialists to rank each plant component cited according to the following attributes: (1) ease of acquisition, (2) taste, (3) smell, (4) nutritional value, and (5) medicinal value. We used multiple regression to determine the variables that influence the cultural salience. RESULTS The most culturally salient species was Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis. The main medicinal effects associated with this species were related to body strengthening, intestinal regulation, and stomach issues. The most salient used species were those that were easiest to acquire and had the highest perceived nutritional values. CONCLUSION It is likely that the sociocultural backgrounds of the respondents (elders, former miners, or descendants of miners) and the historical importance of wild food plants to local diets increased the predictive power of the perceived nutritional importance and ease of acquisition of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros
- Campus de Engenharias e Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Br 104, s/n, Mata do Rolo, Rio Largo, Alagoas, 57100-000, Brazil.
| | - Karina Ferreira Figueiredo
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua da Prainha, n 1326, Morada Nobre, Barreiras, Bahia, 47810-047, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Santos Gonçalves
- Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Reitor Joaquim Amazonas, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-570, Brazil
| | - Roberta de Almeida Caetano
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Paulo Holanda, 143, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Élida Monique da Costa Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Paulo Holanda, 143, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Maria Cota Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Paulo Holanda, 143, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Déborah Monteiro Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Paulo Holanda, 143, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Paula
- Centro das Ciências Exatas e das Tecnologias, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua da Prainha, n 1326, Morada Nobre, Barreiras, Bahia, 47810-047, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Mapeli
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua da Prainha, n 1326, Morada Nobre, Barreiras, Bahia, 47810-047, Brazil
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Silva JPCD, Gonçalves PH, Albuquerque UP, Silva RRVD, Medeiros PMD. Can medicinal use protect plant species from wood uses? Evidence from Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111800. [PMID: 33340962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several ethnobotanical studies have attempted to understand the criteria for the differential use of plant resources. However, we need more effort to understand the interaction between local uses: how using a species for a given purpose may affect its use for another purpose. Thus, we hypothesize that high importance species in a more specialized category of use may have their use reduced for other categories with a more generalist nature. We have conducted the study in three rural communities in northeastern Brazil, set in seasonally dry tropical forest areas. We applied the free-list technique to identify woody species used for medicinal and/or wood purposes (fuelwood, construction and technology). Respondents rated the species according to their efficiency for wood purposes and their local availability. We performed a multiple regression to assess the effects of medicinal popularity, perceived availability, and perceived efficiency for wood uses over the species popularity for wood uses. Our results showed that medicinal use has a significant protective effect against wood uses. Perceived availability and efficiency were significant explanatory variables for wood use. Maintaining the medicinal importance of certain species can be a powerful tool in protecting their populations against more harmful uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssika Priscila Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Social Ecological Systems (LEA), Botany Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratory of Biocultural Ecology, Conservation and Evolution (LECEB), Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Social Ecological Systems (LEA), Botany Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Social Ecological Systems (LEA), Botany Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ricardo Vasconcelos da Silva
- Laboratory of Biocultural Ecology, Conservation and Evolution (LECEB), Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Biocultural Ecology, Conservation and Evolution (LECEB), Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil.
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Meireles MPA, de Albuquerque UP, de Medeiros PM. What interferes with conducting free lists? A comparative ethnobotanical experiment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2021; 17:4. [PMID: 33485375 PMCID: PMC7824914 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The free list, also written "freelist", or "free recall", is an ethnographic method that characterizes the local knowledge of a population about a given cultural domain. However, there is still much to elucidate about the variables that can influence the number of items that participants cite using this technique. This study applied a casual-comparative experimental design to analyze whether 3 months' time, age, and external stimuli influence the similarity of plant free lists applied at different times. METHODS Data was collected from 103 farmers from the rural community Alto dos Canutos, in the municipality of Picos, Piauí state, Brazil. Two free lists were conducted at two different times, with an interval of three months between them. Subsequently, the similarity between the first and second free lists of each participant was calculated using the Jaccard Similarity Index. The generalized linear model (GLM) with binomial errors and stepwise approach was used to analyze the effects of age and external stimuli on information collection when comparing free lists applied at different times. RESULTS Participants' age influenced the information that the free lists collected, demonstrating that the older the participants, the lower the similarity among the free lists. Among the external stimuli analyzed, only the presence of third parties influenced the content of the free lists at the time of the interview. However, contrary to expectations, third-party presence positively influenced the similarity of the lists. CONCLUSION The results show that the studied variables age and third-party presence can influence the capture of knowledge. These findings warrant future research into the influences' causes and their potential mitigation, e.g., by isolation or by breaking the medicinal plant domain into focused sub-domains and conducting simpler, successive free-lists, which can mitigate memory issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melise Pessôa Araujo Meireles
- Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, Universidade Federal do Piauí- Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Piauí, PI, 6460-7670, Brazil.
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Alves RRN, Borges AKM, Barboza RRD, Souto WMS, Gonçalves‐Souza T, Provete DB, Albuquerque UP. A global analysis of ecological and evolutionary drivers of the use of wild mammals in traditional medicine. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves
- Departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Av. das Baraúnas, 351 / Campus Universitário Campina Grande PB58109‐753Brasil
- Pós‐Graduação Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba Bodocongó João Pessoa PB58051‐900Brasil
| | - Anna Karolina Martins Borges
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa PB58051‐900Brasil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza Departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Av. das Baraúnas, 351 / Campus Universitário Campina Grande PB58109‐753Brasil
| | - Raynner Rilke Duarte Barboza
- Colégio Aplicação – CAP Universidade Federal de Roraima ‐ Avenida Capitão Ene Garcês 2413 ‐ Aeroporto, Campus do Paricarana Boa Vista69310‐000Brasil
| | - Wedson Medeiros Silva Souto
- Laboratory of Zoology Wildlife Use and Conservation (ZUCON) Department of Biology Federal University of Piaui (UFPI) Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella Teresina Piaui64049‐550Brasil
| | - Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Laboratório de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação da Biodiversidade Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos ‐ CEP Recife PE52171‐900Brasil
| | - Diogo B. Provete
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande, 79002‐970 Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Box 100 GöteborgS‐405 30Sweden
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos (LEA) Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária Recife, Pernambuco50670‐901Brasil
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de Medeiros PM, Ferreira Júnior WS, Queiroz FDS. Utilitarian redundancy in local medical systems - theoretical and methodological contributions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:62. [PMID: 33066790 PMCID: PMC7565813 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The utilitarian redundancy model (URM) is one of the recent contributions to ethnobiology. We argue that URM can be applied to access use-pressure on plant species, the resilience of socioecological systems (e.g., local medical systems), cultural keystone species, and the role of exotic species in social-ecological systems. Based on previous URM studies, we also emphasize the need to differ practical (considering plants and uses that are currently employed) and theoretical (considering both currently employed and potentially employed plants and uses) redundancy. Based on the main applications of the URM, we propose a new index to access redundancy of a therapeutic indication: the Uredit, so that Uredit = NSp + CR, were Uredit is the Utilitarian Redundancy Index for the therapeutic indication; NSp is the total number of species mentioned for the indication, and CR is the species' contribution to redundancy (in terms of knowledge sharing). The maximum value that the Uredit could reach is twice the number of species employed for the therapeutic indication. We believe that this theoretical and methodological improvement in the model can improve comparisons of redundancy in different social-ecological systems. We also highlight some limitations of the URM (and our Uredit), and we believe that conscious reasons behind people's decisions should be incorporated into future studies on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus de Engenharias e Ciências Agrárias. Br 104, s/n, Rio Largo, Alagoas, 57100-000, Brazil.
| | - Washington Soares Ferreira Júnior
- Laboratório de Investigações Bioculturais no Semiárido, Universidade de Pernambuco, BR 203, km 2, S/N, Vila Eduardo, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 56328-903, Brazil
| | - Fabiane da Silva Queiroz
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus de Engenharias e Ciências Agrárias. Br 104, s/n, Rio Largo, Alagoas, 57100-000, Brazil
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Albuquerque UP, do Nascimento ALB, Silva Chaves L, Feitosa IS, de Moura JMB, Gonçalves PHS, da Silva RH, da Silva TC, Ferreira Júnior WS. The chemical ecology approach to modern and early human use of medicinal plants. CHEMOECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-020-00302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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