Differential protein expression profiling in Pleurotus ferulae mycelium caused by asafoetida extracts using a proteomics approach

Origin, evolution, breeding, and omics of Apiaceae: a family of vegetables and medicinal plants

Many of the world's most important vegetables and medicinal crops, including carrot, celery, coriander, fennel, and cumin, belong to the Apiaceae family. In this review, we summarize the complex origins of Apiaceae and the current state of research on the family, including traditional and molecular breeding practices, bioactive compounds, medicinal applications, nanotechnology, and omics research. Numerous molecular markers, regulatory factors, and functional genes have been discovered, studied, and applied to improve vegetable and medicinal crops in Apiaceae. In addition, current trends in Apiaceae application and research are also briefly described, including mining new functional genes and metabolites using omics research, identifying new genetic variants associated with important agronomic traits by population genetics analysis and GWAS, applying genetic transformation, the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, and nanotechnology. This review provides a reference for basic and applied research on Apiaceae vegetable and medicinal plants.

Label-Free Comparative Proteomics Analysis Revealed Heat Stress Responsive Mechanism in Hypsizygus marmoreus

Heat stress is an important adverse environmental stress that influences the growth and development of Hypsizygus marmoreus (white var.). However, the molecular basis of heat stress response in H. marmoreus remains poorly understood. In this study, label-free comparative proteomic technique was applied to investigate global protein expression profile of H. marmoreus mycelia under heat stress. Confocal laser scanning microscope observation revealed that mycelia underwent autolysis and apoptosis under heat stress. Autolysis was mediated by upregulating the expression of cell wall degradation enzymes and inhibiting cell wall synthesis enzymes, and apoptosis might be induced by ROS and activation of caspases. TBARS analysis indicated that ROS was accumulated in H. marmoreus mycelia under heat stress. H. marmoreus induced antioxidant defense system by upregulating the expression of catalases, superoxide dismutases and peroxidases to prevent oxidative damage. MAPK cascade was found to be involved in heat stress signal transduction. The stress signal induced a ubiquitous defense response: inducible expression of different kinds of heat shock proteins. Trehalose synthesis enzymes were also upregulated, suggesting the accumulation of stress protector trehalose under heat stress. Besides, upregulated proteasome was identified, which could prevented the accumulation of non-functional misfolding proteins. To satisfy ATP depletion in heat response cellular processes, such as ROS scavenging, and protein folding and synthesis, enzymes involved in energy production (carbon metabolism and ATP synthesis) system were upregulated under heat stress. Taken together, these findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of heat stress in H. marmoreus.

Proteomics of edible mushrooms: A mini-review

Mushrooms are considered an important food for their traditionally famous nutritional and medicinal values, although much information about their potential at the molecular level is unfortunately unknown. Edible mushrooms include fungi that are either collected wild or cultivated. Many important species are difficult to cultivate but attempts have been made with varying degrees of success, with the results showing unsatisfactory economical cultivation methods. Recently, proteomic analysis has been developed as a powerful tool to study the protein content of fungi, particularly basidiomycetes. This mini-review article highlights the contribution of proteomics platforms to the study of edible mushrooms, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved in developmental stages. This includes extracellular and cytoplasmic effector proteins that have potential or are involved in the synthesis of anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibiotic, in blood pressure control, in the supply of vitamins and minerals, and in other responses to environmental changes. The contribution of different proteomics techniques including classical and more advanced techniques is also highlighted.