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Wang YF, Shen ZC, Li J, Liang T, Lin XF, Li YP, Zeng W, Zou Q, Shen JL, Wang XY. Phytochemicals, biological activity, and industrial application of lotus seedpod ( Receptaculum Nelumbinis): A review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1022794. [PMID: 36267901 PMCID: PMC9577462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1022794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is a well-known food and medicinal plant. Lotus seedpod (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) is the by-products during lotus products processing, which is considered as waste. Numerous studies have been conducted on its phytochemicals, biological activity and industrial application. However, the information on lotus seedpod is scattered and has been rarely summarized. In this review, summaries on preparation and identification of phytochemicals, the biological activities of extracts and phytochemicals, and applications of raw material, extracts and phytochemicals for lotus seedpod were made. Meanwhile, the future study trend was proposed. Recent evidence indicated that lotus seedpods extracts, obtained by non-organic and organic solvents, possessed several activities, which were influenced by extraction solvents and methods. Lotus seedpods were rich in phytochemicals categorized as different chemical groups, such as proanthocyanidins, oligomeric procyanidins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc. These phytochemicals exhibited various bioactivities, including ameliorating cognitive impairment, antioxidation, antibacterial, anti-glycative, neuroprotection, anti-tyrosinase and other activities. Raw material, extracts and phytochemicals of lotus seedpods could be utilized as sources for biochar and biomass material, in food industry and as dye. This review gives well-understanding on lotus seedpod, and provides theoretical basis for its future research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zi-Chun Shen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tian Liang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Lin
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Scientific Research Center, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qi Zou
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jian-Lin Shen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Yin Wang,
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Bao N, Wang D, Fu X, Xie H, Gao G, Luo Z. Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus Seedpod ( Receptaculum Nelumbinis) Assisted by Ultrasound Coupled with Glycerol. Foods 2021; 10:239. [PMID: 33503852 PMCID: PMC7912186 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus Receptaculum Nelumbinis has been sparking wide research interests due to its rich phenolic compounds. In the present work, ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with glycerol was employed to extract phenolic compounds from Receptaculum Nelumbinis and the process was optimized using a response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal conditions for the total phenolic content (TPC) extract were obtained: glycerol concentration of 40%, an extraction temperature of 66 °C, ultrasonic time of 44 min, and the solvent-to-solid ratio of 55 mL/g. Under these optimum extraction conditions, the extraction yield of TPC was 92.84 ± 2.13 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) /g. Besides, the antioxidant activities demonstrated the ability of free radical scavenging by four different methods that included 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reducing activity (RA) were 459.73 ± 7.07, 529.97 ± 7.30, 907.61 ± 20.28, and 983.66 ± 11.80 μmol TE/g, respectively. Six phenolic compounds were identified by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography combined with triple-time-of-flight mass spectrophotometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS) from the extracts. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was conducted to identify the characteristic functional groups of the extracts and thus reflected the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated the microstructure difference of four treatments, which might explain the relationships between antioxidant activities and the structures of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bao
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (D.W.); (X.F.)
| | - Di Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (D.W.); (X.F.)
| | - Xizhe Fu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (D.W.); (X.F.)
| | - Hujun Xie
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Guizhen Gao
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, China;
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (D.W.); (X.F.)
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Lee JW, Kim YI, Im CN, Kim SW, Kim SJ, Min S, Joo YH, Yim SV, Chung N. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Inhibits Mucin Synthesis and Viral Replication by Suppression of AP-1 and NF-κB via p38 MAPKs/JNK Signaling Pathways in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected A549 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4472-4483. [PMID: 28502165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are often infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), one of the most common causes of asthma, bronchiolitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia. During the infection process, excessive mucins instigate airway inflammation. However, the mechanism underlying RSV-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation is poorly understood. Furthermore, no reliable vaccines or drugs for antiviral therapy are available. In this study, the effect of the natural compound grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on RSV-infected human airway epithelial cells A549 was evaluated. After pretreatment of the cells with or without exposure to RSV with 5-10 μg GSP/mL, the expression of various mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC8) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting, as well as confocal microscopy. We found that GSP significantly decreased RSV-induced mucin synthesis at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, GSP suppressed the RSV-induced signaling pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38, together with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activating protein-1 family members (c-Jun and c-Fos). Concomitantly, GSP inhibited the replication of RSV within A549 cells. Taken together, all our results suggest that GSP could be a potent therapeutic agent to suppress excessive mucus production and viral replication in RSV-induced airway inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center , Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center , Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nim Im
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University , Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Yong Hoon Joo
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Namhyun Chung
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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