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Zaid Alkilani A, Hamed R, Musleh B, Sharaire Z. Breaking boundaries: the advancements in transdermal delivery of antibiotics. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2304251. [PMID: 38241087 PMCID: PMC10802811 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2304251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) for antibiotics have seen significant advances in recent years that aimed to improve the efficacy and safety of these drugs. TDDS offer many advantages over other conventional delivery systems such as non-invasiveness, controlled-release pattern, avoidance of first-pass metabolism. The objective of this review is to provide an overview on the recent advances in the TDDS of different groups of antibiotics including β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, and lincosamides, utilized for their effective delivery through the skin and to explore the challenges associated with this field. The majority of antibiotics do not have favorable properties for passive transdermal delivery. Thus, novel strategies have been employed to improve the delivery of antibiotics through the skin, such as the use of nanotechnology (nanoparticles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, vesicular carriers, and liposomes) or the physical enhancement techniques like microneedles and ultrasound. In conclusion, the transdermal delivery systems could be a promising method for delivering antibiotics that have the potential to improve patient outcomes and enhance the efficacy of drugs. Further research and development are still needed to explore the potential of delivering more antibiotic drugs by using various transdermal drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Batool Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
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2
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Leong MY, Kong YL, Burgess K, Wong WF, Sethi G, Looi CY. Recent Development of Nanomaterials for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041124. [PMID: 37189742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-engineered medical products first appeared in the last decade. The current research in this area focuses on developing safe drugs with minimal adverse effects associated with the pharmacologically active cargo. Transdermal drug delivery, an alternative to oral administration, offers patient convenience, avoids first-pass hepatic metabolism, provides local targeting, and reduces effective drug toxicities. Nanomaterials provide alternatives to conventional transdermal drug delivery including patches, gels, sprays, and lotions, but it is crucial to understand the transport mechanisms involved. This article reviews the recent research trends in transdermal drug delivery and emphasizes the mechanisms and nano-formulations currently in vogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moong Yan Leong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yeo Lee Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Science, America Degree Program, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
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3
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Erythromycin Formulations—A Journey to Advanced Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102180. [PMID: 36297615 PMCID: PMC9608461 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythromycin (ERY) is a macrolide compound with a broad antimicrobial spectrum which is currently being used to treat a large number of bacterial infections affecting the skin, respiratory tract, intestines, bones and other systems, proving great value from a clinical point of view. It became popular immediately after its discovery in 1952, due to its therapeutic effect against pathogens resistant to other drugs. Despite this major advantage, ERY exhibits several drawbacks, raising serious clinical challenges. Among them, the very low solubility in water and instability under acidic conditions cause a limited efficacy and bioavailability. Apart from this, higher doses promote drug resistance and undesirable effects. In order to overcome these disadvantages, during the past decades, a large variety of ERY formulations, including nanoparticles, have emerged. Despite the interest in ERY-(nano)formulations, a review on them is lacking. Therefore, this work was aimed at reviewing all efforts made to encapsulate ERY in formulations of various chemical compositions, sizes and morphologies. In addition, their preparation/synthesis, physico-chemical properties and performances were carefully analysed. Limitations of these studies, particularly the quantification of ERY, are discussed as well.
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Pünnel LC, Lunter DJ. Film-Forming Systems for Dermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070932. [PMID: 34201668 PMCID: PMC8308977 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Film-forming formulations represent a novel form of sustained release dermatic products. They are applied to the skin as a liquid or semi-solid preparation. By evaporation of the volatile solvent on the skin, the polymer contained in the formulation forms a solid film. Various film-forming formulations were tested for their water and abrasion resistance and compared with conventional semi-solid formulations. Penetration and permeation studies of the formulations indicate a potential utility as transdermal therapeutic systems. They can be used as an alternative to patch systems to administer a variety of drugs in a topical way and may provide sustained release characteristics.
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An YH, Lee J, Son DU, Kang DH, Park MJ, Cho KW, Kim S, Kim SH, Ko J, Jang MH, Lee JY, Kim DH, Hwang NS. Facilitated Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Nanocarriers-Embedded Electroconductive Hydrogel Coupled with Reverse Electrodialysis-Driven Iontophoresis. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4523-4535. [PMID: 32191436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We herein developed an iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery system for the effective delivery of electrically mobile drug nanocarriers (DNs). Our system consists of a portable and disposable reverse electrodialysis (RED) battery that generates electric power for iontophoresis through the ionic exchange. In addition, in order to provide a drug reservoir to the RED-driven iontophoretic system, an electroconductive hydrogel composed of polypyrrole-incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PYP) was used. The PYP hydrogel facilitated electron transfer from the RED battery and accelerated the mobility of electrically mobile DNs released from the PYP hydrogel. In this study, we showed that fluconazole- or rosiglitazone-loaded DNs could be functionalized with charge-inducing agents, and DNs with charge modification resulted in facilitated transdermal transport via repulsive RED-driven iontophoresis. In addition, topical application and RED-driven iontophoresis of rosiglitazone-loaded DNs resulted in an effective antiobese condition displaying decreased bodyweight, reduced glucose level, and increased conversion of white adipose tissues to brown adipose tissues in vivo. Consequently, we highlight that this transdermal drug delivery platform would be extensively utilized for delivering diverse therapeutic agents in a noninvasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Son
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihn Jeong Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hoon Jang
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kis N, Kovács A, Budai-Szűcs M, Gácsi A, Csányi E, Csóka I, Berkó S. Investigation of Silicone-Containing Semisolid in Situ Film-Forming Systems Using QbD Tools. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E660. [PMID: 31817871 PMCID: PMC6956232 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our research work was to develop dermally applicable, semisolid film-forming systems (FFSs) containing silicones, which form a film on the skin in situ, with suitable mechanical properties for skin application. FFSs were developed and investigated by means of the Quality by Design (QbD) methodology. With this QbD approach, the initial risk assessment defines the critical quality attributes (CQAs), the critical material attributes (CMAs) and the critical process parameters (CPPs) to ensure the required quality. Different semisolid systems were formed with or without silicones. During the initial risk assessment, three CQAs, namely skin adhesion, film flexibility and burst strength, were found to be critical attributes, while film appearance, film integrity and the drying time of the semisolid system, were found to be medium attributes. These parameters were investigated. The initial risk assessment also showed that there are three high CMAs: the type of silicones, film-forming excipients, drying excipients, and that there was one medium CMA: viscosity-enhancing excipients. Based on our results, the silicone content had a great effect on the film-forming systems. Different silicones affected the mechanical properties of the films in varying ways, decreased the drying time and showed promising results regarding the drying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.-S.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (I.C.)
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Cobos M, Fernández MJ, Fernández MD. Graphene Based Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Ascorbic Acid: Influence of Graphene Content and Glycerol Plasticizer on Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8121013. [PMID: 30563225 PMCID: PMC6316035 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced properties of polymer nanocomposites as compared with pure polymers are only achieved in the presence of well-dispersed nanofillers and strong interfacial adhesion. In this study, we report the preparation of nanocomposite films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) filled with well dispersed graphene sheets (GS) by in situ reduction of graphene oxide (GO) dispersed in PVA solution using ascorbic acid (L-AA) as environmentally friendly reductant. The combined effect of GS content and glycerol as plasticizer on the structure, thermal, mechanical, water absorption, and water barrier properties of PVA/GS nanocomposite films is studied for the first time. Higher glass transition temperature, lower crystallinity, melting, and crystallization temperature, higher mechanical properties, and remarkable improvement in the thermal stability compared to neat PVA are obtained as a result of strong interfacial interactions between GS and PVA by hydrogen bonding. PVA/GS composite film prepared by ex situ process is more brittle than its in situ prepared counterpart. The presence of GS improves the water barrier and water resistance properties of nanocomposite films by decreasing water vapor permeability and water absorption of PVA. This work demonstrates that the tailoring of PVA/GS nanocomposite properties is enabled by controlling GS and glycerol content. The new developed materials, particularly those containing plasticizer, could be potential carriers for transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Cobos
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology. Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - M Jesús Fernández
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology. Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - M Dolores Fernández
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology. Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
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Kathe K, Kathpalia H. Film forming systems for topical and transdermal drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 12:487-497. [PMID: 32104362 PMCID: PMC7032117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is considered as an important route of administration of drugs for both local and systemic effects. The effectiveness of topical therapy depends on the physicochemical properties of the drug and adherence of the patient to the treatment regimen as well as the system's ability to adhere to skin during the therapy so as to promote drug penetration through the skin barrier. Conventional formulations for topical and dermatological administration of drugs have certain limitations like poor adherence to skin, poor permeability and compromised patient compliance. For the treatment of diseases of body tissues and wounds, the drug has to be maintained at the site of treatment for an effective period of time. Topical film forming systems are such developing drug delivery systems meant for topical application to the skin, which adhere to the body, forming a thin transparent film and provide delivery of the active ingredients to the body tissue. These are intended for skin application as emollient or protective and for local action or transdermal penetration of medicament for systemic action. The transparency is an appreciable feature of this polymeric system which greatly influences the patient acceptance. In the current discussion, the film forming systems are described as a promising choice for topical and transdermal drug delivery. Further the various types of film forming systems (sprays/solutions, gels and emulsions) along with their evaluation parameters have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashmira Kathe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400074, India
| | - Harsha Kathpalia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400074, India
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Oh EJ, Oh SH, Lee IS, Kwon OS, Lee JH. Antibiotic-eluting hydrophilized PMMA bone cement with prolonged bactericidal effect for the treatment of osteomyelitis. J Biomater Appl 2016; 30:1534-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216629823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is still considered to be one of the major challenges for orthopedic surgeons despite advanced antiseptic surgical procedures and pharmaceutical therapeutics. In this study, hydrophilized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cements containing Pluronic F68 (EG79PG28EG79) as a hydrophilic additive and vancomycin ( F68-VA cements) were prepared to allow the sustained release of the antibiotic for adequate periods of time without any significant loss of mechanical properties. The compressive strengths of the bone cements with Pluronic F68 compositions less than 7 wt% were not significantly different compared with the control vancomycin-loaded bone cement ( VA cement). The F68 (7 wt%)-VA cement showed sustained release of the antibiotic for up to 11 weeks and almost 100% release from the bone cement. It also prohibited the growth of S. aureus (zone of inhibition) over six weeks (the required period to treat osteomyelitis), and it did not show any notable cytotoxicity. From an animal study using a femoral osteomyelitis rat model, it was observed that the F68 (7 wt%)-VA cement was effective for the treatment of osteomyelitis, probably as a result of the prolonged release of antibiotic from the PMMA bone cement. On the basis of these findings, it can be suggested that the use of Pluronic F68 as a hydrophilic additive for antibiotic-eluting PMMA bone cement can be a promising strategy for the treatment of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jo Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Heang Oh
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Soo Kwon
- Department of Orthopedics, Catholic University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Bae YJ, Cho CH, Lee WJ, Huh JS, Lim JO. Optimization of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB encapsulated in Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for applications in wound healing. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:13-20. [PMID: 30603380 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors play multiple and critical roles in wound repair processes. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent growth factor that is particularly important in the early inflammatory phase of wound healing. In order to extend the half-life of PDGF, polymeric encapsulation is used. In the current study, Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing recombinant human (rh) PDGF-BB were prepared to prolong the effectiveness of this growth factor. PLGA microspheres were optimized using a modified w/o/w-double-emulsion/solvent evaporation method by changing the processing conditions of stirring speed and emulsifier (polyvinyl alcohol) concentration. Microspheres prepared using the optimized method released rhPDGF-BB for up to three weeks. An in vitro migration assay showed a significant decrease in the wound area in cells treated with rhPDGF-BB microspheres compared to control cells. These findings demonstrate the potential of rhPDGF-BB encapsulated in microspheres to enhance wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Bae
- 1Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chi Heung Cho
- 3Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Woo Jong Lee
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeung Soo Huh
- 4Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Ok Lim
- 1Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,5Biomedical Research Institute, Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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