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Lampejo AO, Lightsey SE, Gomes MC, Nguyen CM, Siemann DW, Sharma B, Murfee WL. A Novel Ex Vivo Tumor Spheroid-Tissue Model for Investigating Microvascular Remodeling and Lymphatic Blood Vessel Plasticity. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:2457-2472. [PMID: 38796670 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Biomimetic tumor microenvironment models bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems and serve as a useful way to address the modeling challenge of how to recreate the cell and system complexity associated with real tissues. Our laboratory has developed an ex vivo rat mesentery culture model, which allows for simultaneous investigation of blood and lymphatic microvascular network remodeling in an intact tissue environment. Given that angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are key contributors to the progression of cancer, the objective of this study was to combine tissue and tumor spheroid culture methods to establish a novel ex vivo tumor spheroid-tissue model by verifying its use for evaluating the effects of cancer cell behavior on the local microvascular environment. H1299 or A549 tumor spheroids were formed via hanging drop culture and seeded onto rat mesenteric tissues harvested from adult male Wistar rats. Tissues with transplanted spheroids were cultured in serum-free media for 3 to 5 days. PECAM, NG2, CD11b, and αSMA labeling identified endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Time-lapse imaging confirmed cancer cell type specific migration. In addition to increasing PECAM positive capillary sprouting and LYVE-1 positive endothelial cell extensions indicative of lymphangiogenesis, tumor spheroid presence induced the formation of lymphatic/blood vessel connections and the formation of hybrid, mosaic vessels that were characterized by discontinuous LYVE-1 labeling. The results support the application of a novel tumor spheroid microenvironment model for investigating cancer cell-microvascular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinola O Lampejo
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lightsey
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria C Gomes
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christian M Nguyen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, USA
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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2
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Yan S, He Y, Zhu Y, Ye W, Chen Y, Zhu C, Zhan F, Ma Z. Human patient derived organoids: an emerging precision medicine model for gastrointestinal cancer research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1384450. [PMID: 38638528 PMCID: PMC11024315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1384450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers account for approximately one-third of the total global cancer incidence and mortality with a poor prognosis. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Most of these diseases lack effective treatment, occurring as a result of inappropriate models to develop safe and potent therapies. As a novel preclinical model, tumor patient-derived organoids (PDOs), can be established from patients' tumor tissue and cultured in the laboratory in 3D architectures. This 3D model can not only highly simulate and preserve key biological characteristics of the source tumor tissue in vitro but also reproduce the in vivo tumor microenvironment through co-culture. Our review provided an overview of the different in vitro models in current tumor research, the derivation of cells in PDO models, and the application of PDO model technology in gastrointestinal cancers, particularly the applications in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, tumor microenvironment simulation, drug screening, drug development, and personalized medicine. It also elucidates the ethical status quo of organoid research and the current challenges encountered in clinical research, and offers a forward-looking assessment of the potential paths for clinical organoid research advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Yan
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan He
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Zhu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangfang Ye
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhan
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Desai N, Katare P, Makwana V, Salave S, Vora LK, Giri J. Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools-turning the enemy into an ally. Biomater Res 2023; 27:113. [PMID: 37946275 PMCID: PMC10633998 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body," fails to convey the intricate interaction between the many entities involved in cancer. Recent advancements in the field of cancer research have shed light on the role played by individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment as a whole in tumor development and progression. This breakthrough enables the utilization of the tumor and its components as biological tools, opening new possibilities. This article delves deeply into the concept of "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from the tumor that aid in combatting it. It includes cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for tumor theranostics), extracellular vesicles (for tumor diagnosis/therapy), tumor cell lysates (for cancer vaccine development), and engineered cancer cells/organoids (for cancer research). This review seeks to offer a complete overview of the tumor-derived materials that are utilized in cancer research, as well as their current stages of development and implementation. It is aimed primarily at researchers working at the interface of cancer biology and biomedical engineering, and it provides vital insights into this fast-growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Katare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Vaishali Makwana
- Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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4
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Forsythe SD, Pu T, Andrews SG, Madigan JP, Sadowski SM. Models in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3756. [PMID: 37568572 PMCID: PMC10416968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors derived from multiple neuroendocrine origin cell subtypes. Incidence rates for pNENs have steadily risen over the last decade, and outcomes continue to vary widely due to inability to properly screen. These tumors encompass a wide range of functional and non-functional subtypes, with their rarity and slow growth making therapeutic development difficult as most clinically used therapeutics are derived from retrospective analyses. Improved molecular understanding of these cancers has increased our knowledge of the tumor biology for pNENs. Despite these advances in our understanding of pNENs, there remains a dearth of models for further investigation. In this review, we will cover the current field of pNEN models, which include established cell lines, animal models such as mice and zebrafish, and three-dimensional (3D) cell models, and compare their uses in modeling various disease aspects. While no study model is a complete representation of pNEN biology, each has advantages which allow for new scientific understanding of these rare tumors. Future efforts and advancements in technology will continue to create new options in modeling these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Forsythe
- Neuroendocrine Cancer Therapy Section, Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.D.F.); (S.G.A.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Tracey Pu
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Stephen G. Andrews
- Neuroendocrine Cancer Therapy Section, Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.D.F.); (S.G.A.); (J.P.M.)
| | - James P. Madigan
- Neuroendocrine Cancer Therapy Section, Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.D.F.); (S.G.A.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Samira M. Sadowski
- Neuroendocrine Cancer Therapy Section, Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.D.F.); (S.G.A.); (J.P.M.)
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Mattei F, George JT, Jolly MK. Editorial: Organoids, organs-on-chip, nanoparticles and in silico approaches to dissect the tumor-immune dynamics and to unveil the drug resistance mechanisms to therapy in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253551. [PMID: 37533861 PMCID: PMC10392942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jason T. George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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6
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Ahmed T. Biomaterial-based in vitro 3D modeling of glioblastoma multiforme. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:177-194. [PMID: 38327839 PMCID: PMC10846340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adult-onset brain cancers, such as glioblastomas, are particularly lethal. People with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) do not anticipate living for more than 15 months if there is no cure. The results of conventional treatments over the past 20 years have been underwhelming. Tumor aggressiveness, location, and lack of systemic therapies that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier are all contributing factors. For GBM treatments that appear promising in preclinical studies, there is a considerable rate of failure in phase I and II clinical trials. Unfortunately, access becomes impossible due to the intricate architecture of tumors. In vitro, bioengineered cancer models are currently being used by researchers to study disease development, test novel therapies, and advance specialized medications. Many different techniques for creating in vitro systems have arisen over the past few decades due to developments in cellular and tissue engineering. Later-stage research may yield better results if in vitro models that resemble brain tissue and the blood-brain barrier are used. With the use of 3D preclinical models made available by biomaterials, researchers have discovered that it is possible to overcome these limitations. Innovative in vitro models for the treatment of GBM are possible using biomaterials and novel drug carriers. This review discusses the benefits and drawbacks of 3D in vitro glioblastoma modeling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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7
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Farahani MK, Gharibshahian M, Rezvani A, Vaez A. Breast cancer brain metastasis: from etiology to state-of-the-art modeling. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:41. [PMID: 37386445 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, breast carcinoma is the most common form of malignancy and the main cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. The metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to other organs in the body, notably the lungs, bones, brain, and liver, is what causes breast cancer to ultimately be fatal. Brain metastases occur in as many as 30% of patients with advanced breast cancer, and the 1-year survival rate of these patients is around 20%. Many researchers have focused on brain metastasis, but due to its complexities, many aspects of this process are still relatively unclear. To develop and test novel therapies for this fatal condition, pre-clinical models are required that can mimic the biological processes involved in breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). The application of many breakthroughs in the area of tissue engineering has resulted in the development of scaffold or matrix-based culture methods that more accurately imitate the original extracellular matrix (ECM) of metastatic tumors. Furthermore, specific cell lines are now being used to create three-dimensional (3D) cultures that can be used to model metastasis. These 3D cultures satisfy the requirement for in vitro methodologies that allow for a more accurate investigation of the molecular pathways as well as a more in-depth examination of the effects of the medication being tested. In this review, we talk about the latest advances in modeling BCBM using cell lines, animals, and tissue engineering methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Salemme V, Centonze G, Avalle L, Natalini D, Piccolantonio A, Arina P, Morellato A, Ala U, Taverna D, Turco E, Defilippi P. The role of tumor microenvironment in drug resistance: emerging technologies to unravel breast cancer heterogeneity. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1170264. [PMID: 37265795 PMCID: PMC10229846 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1170264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, at both inter- and intra-tumor levels, and this heterogeneity is a crucial determinant of malignant progression and response to treatments. In addition to genetic diversity and plasticity of cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor heterogeneity shaping the physical and biological surroundings of the tumor. The activity of certain types of immune, endothelial or mesenchymal cells in the microenvironment can change the effectiveness of cancer therapies via a plethora of different mechanisms. Therefore, deciphering the interactions between the distinct cell types, their spatial organization and their specific contribution to tumor growth and drug sensitivity is still a major challenge. Dissecting intra-tumor heterogeneity is currently an urgent need to better define breast cancer biology and to develop therapeutic strategies targeting the microenvironment as helpful tools for combined and personalized treatment. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment affects the characteristics of tumor heterogeneity that ultimately result in drug resistance, and we outline state of the art preclinical models and emerging technologies that will be instrumental in unraveling the impact of the tumor microenvironment on resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Salemme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Centonze
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Lidia Avalle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Dora Natalini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Piccolantonio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Arina
- UCL, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
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El Harane S, Zidi B, El Harane N, Krause KH, Matthes T, Preynat-Seauve O. Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071001. [PMID: 37048073 PMCID: PMC10093533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air-liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bochra Zidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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Sericultural By-Products: The Potential for Alternative Therapy in Cancer Drug Design. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020850. [PMID: 36677907 PMCID: PMC9861160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Major progress has been made in cancer research; however, cancer remains one of the most important health-related burdens. Sericulture importance is no longer limited to the textile industry, but its by-products, such as silk fibroin or mulberry, exhibit great impact in the cancer research area. Fibroin, the pivotal compound that is found in silk, owns superior biocompatibility and biodegradability, representing one of the most important biomaterials. Numerous studies have reported its successful use as a drug delivery system, and it is currently used to develop three-dimensional tumor models that lead to a better understanding of cancer biology and play a great role in the development of novel antitumoral strategies. Moreover, sericin's cytotoxic effect on various tumoral cell lines has been reported, but also, it has been used as a nanocarrier for target therapeutic agents. On the other hand, mulberry compounds include various bioactive elements that are well known for their antitumoral activities, such as polyphenols or anthocyanins. In this review, the latest progress of using sericultural by-products in cancer therapy is discussed by highlighting their notable impact in developing novel effective drug strategies.
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Forsythe SD, Sivakumar H, Erali RA, Wajih N, Li W, Shen P, Levine EA, Miller KE, Skardal A, Votanopoulos KI. Patient-Specific Sarcoma Organoids for Personalized Translational Research: Unification of the Operating Room with Rare Cancer Research and Clinical Implications. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:7354-7367. [PMID: 35780216 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcoma clinical outcomes have been stagnant for decades due to heterogeneity of primaries, lack of comprehensive preclinical models, and rarity of disease. We hypothesized that engineering hydrogel-based sarcoma organoids directly from the patient without xenogeneic extracellular matrices (ECMs) or growth factors is routinely feasible and allows rare tumors to remain viable as avatars for personalized research. METHODS Surgically resected sarcomas (angiosarcomas, leiomyosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, liposarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans [DFSP], and pleiomorphic abdominal sarcoma) were dissociated and incorporated into a hyaluronic acid and collagen-based ECM hydrogel and screened for chemotherapy efficacy. A subset of organoids was enriched with a patient-matched immune system for screening of immunotherapy efficacy (iPTOs). Response to treatment was assessed using LIVE/DEAD staining and metabolic assays. RESULTS Sixteen sarcomas were biofabricated into three-dimensional (3D) patient-specific sarcoma organoids with a 100% success rate. Average time from organoid development to initiation of drug testing was 7 days. Enrichment of organoids with immune system components derived from either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or lymph node cells was performed in 10/16 (62.5%) patients; 4/12 (33%) organoids did not respond to chemotherapy, while response to immunotherapy was observed in 2/10 (20%) iPTOs. CONCLUSIONS A large subset of sarcoma organoids does not exhibit response to chemotherapy or immunotherapy, as currently seen in clinical practice. Routine development of sarcoma hydrogel-based organoids directly from the operating room is a feasible platform, allowing for such rare tumors to remain viable for personalized translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Forsythe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hemamylammal Sivakumar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard A Erali
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nadeem Wajih
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Perry Shen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Edward A Levine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine E Miller
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Konstantinos I Votanopoulos
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Shelkey E, Oommen D, Stirling ER, Soto-Pantoja DR, Cook KL, Lu Y, Votanopoulos KI, Soker S. Immuno-reactive cancer organoid model to assess effects of the microbiome on cancer immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9983. [PMID: 35705580 PMCID: PMC9200712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has demonstrated good efficacy in many cancer types. In cancers such as non-resectable advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), it has recently been approved as a promising treatment. However, clinical data shows overall response rates (ORRs) from ~ 3-40% in breast cancer patients, depending on subtype, previous treatments, and mutation status. Composition of the host-microbiome has a significant role in cancer development and therapeutic responsiveness. Some bacterial families are conducive to oncogenesis and progression, while others aid innate and therapeutically induced anti-tumor immunity. Modeling microbiome effects on anti-tumor immunity in ex vivo systems is challenging, forcing the use of in vivo models, making it difficult to dissect direct effects on immune cells from combined effects on tumor and immune cells. We developed a novel immune-enhanced tumor organoid (iTO) system to study factors affecting ICB response. Using the 4T1 TNBC murine cell line and matched splenocytes, we demonstrated ICB-induced response. Further administration of bacterial-derived metabolites from species found in the immunomodulatory host-microbiome significantly increased ICB-induced apoptosis of tumor cells and altered immune cell receptor expression. These outcomes represent a method to isolate individual factors that alter ICB response and streamline the study of microbiome effects on ICB efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Shelkey
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - David Oommen
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Current Address: Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yong Lu
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Current Address: Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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13
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Shapiro DD, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Beebe DJ, Abel EJ. Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma Used to Investigate Molecular Mechanisms and Develop New Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871252. [PMID: 35463327 PMCID: PMC9022005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling renal cell carcinoma is critical to investigating tumor biology and therapeutic mechanisms. Multiple systems have been developed to represent critical components of the tumor and its surrounding microenvironment. Prominent in vitro models include traditional cell cultures, 3D organoid models, and microphysiological devices. In vivo models consist of murine patient derived xenografts or genetically engineered mice. Each system has unique advantages as well as limitations and researchers must thoroughly understand each model to properly investigate research questions. This review addresses common model systems for renal cell carcinoma and critically evaluates their performance and ability to measure tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shapiro
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Division of Urology, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Maria Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - E Jason Abel
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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14
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Jung M, Kang M, Kim BS, Hong J, Kim C, Koh CH, Choi G, Chung Y, Kim BS. Nanovesicle-Mediated Targeted Delivery of Immune Checkpoint Blockades to Potentiate Therapeutic Efficacy and Prevent Side Effects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106516. [PMID: 34962660 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the clinically proven efficacies of immune checkpoint blockades, including anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibody (αCTLA-4), the low response rate and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in cancer patients represent major drawbacks of the therapy. These drawbacks of αCTLA-4 therapy are mainly due to the suboptimal activation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and the systemic nonspecific activation of T cells. To overcome such drawbacks, αCTLA-4 is delivered by dendritic cell-derived nanovesicles presenting tumor antigens (DCNV-TAs) that exclusively interact with tumor-specific T cells, leading to selective activation of tumor-specific CTLs. Compared to conventional αCTLA-4 therapy, treatment with αCTLA-4-conjugated DCNV-TAs significantly inhibits tumor growth and reduces irAEs in syngeneic tumor-bearing mice. This study demonstrates that the spatiotemporal presentation of both αCTLA-4 and tumor antigens enables selective activation of tumor-specific T cells and potentiates the antitumor efficacy of αCTLA-4 without inducing systemic irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mungyo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheesue Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, and BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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15
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Delinassios JG, Hoffman RM. The cancer-inhibitory effects of proliferating tumor-residing fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188673. [PMID: 34953931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Initiation, local progression, and metastasis of cancer are associated with specific morphological, molecular, and functional changes in the extracellular matrix and the fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the early stages of tumor development, fibroblasts are an obstacle that cancer cells must surpass or nullify to progress. Thus, in early tumor progression, specific signaling from cancer cells activates bio-pathways, which abolish the innate anticancer properties of fibroblasts and convert a high proportion of them to tumor-promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Following this initial event, a wide spectrum of gene expression changes gradually leads to the development of a stromal fibroblast population with complex heterogeneity, creating fibroblast subtypes with characteristic profiles, which may alternate between being tumor-promotive and tumor-suppressive, topologically and chronologically in the TME. These fibroblast subtypes form the tumor's histological landscape including areas of cancer growth, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion fronts, proliferating and non-proliferating fibroblasts, cancer-cell apoptosis, fibroblast apoptosis, and necrosis. These features reflect general deregulation of tissue homeostasis within the TME. This review discusses fundamental and current knowledge that has established the existence of anticancer fibroblasts within the various interacting elements of the TME. It is proposed that the maintenance of fibroblast proliferation is an essential parameter for the activation of their anticancer capacity, similar to that by which normal fibroblasts would be activated in wound repair, thus maintaining tissue homeostasis. Encouragement of research in this direction may render new means of cancer therapy and a greater understanding of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Delinassios
- International Institute of Anticancer Research, 1(st) km Kapandritiou-Kalamou Rd., Kapandriti, 19014 Attica, Greece.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, 9300 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
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16
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Ebrahimi N, Nasr Esfahani A, Samizade S, Mansouri A, Ghanaatian M, Adelian S, Shadman Manesh V, Hamblin MR. The potential application of organoids in breast cancer research and treatment. Hum Genet 2021; 141:193-208. [PMID: 34713317 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a major challenge for breast cancer researchers who have struggled to find effective treatments despite recent advances in oncology. Although the use of 2D cell culture methods in breast cancer research has been effective, it cannot model the heterogeneity of breast cancer as found within the body. The development of 3D culture of tumor cells and breast cancer organoids has provided a new approach in breast cancer research, allowing the identification of biomarkers, study of the interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment, and for drug screening and discovery. In addition, the possibility of gene editing in organoids, especially using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, is convenient, and has allowed a more detailed study of tumor behavior in models closer to the physiological condition. The present review covers the application of organoids in breast cancer research. The recent use of gene-editing systems to provide insights into therapeutic approaches for breast cancer, is highlighted. The study of organoids and the possibility of gene manipulation may be a step towards the personalized treatment of breast cancer, which has so far remained unattainable due to the high heterogeneity of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Falavarjan, Iran
| | - Setare Samizade
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Falavarjan, Iran
| | - Atena Mansouri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghanaatian
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Jahrom, Jahrom, Fars, Iran
| | - Samaneh Adelian
- Department of Genetics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Vida Shadman Manesh
- Medical Engineering Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Faculty of Health Science, Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
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17
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Short Review on Advances in Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 19:263-280. [PMID: 34596839 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become the new paradigm of cancer treatment. The introduction and discovery of various therapeutic agents have also accelerated the application of immunotherapy in clinical trials. However, despite the significant potency and demonstrated advantages of cancer immunotherapy, its clinical application to patients faces several safety and efficacy issues, including autoimmune reactions, cytokine release syndrome, and vascular leak syndrome-related issues. In addressing these problems, biomaterials traditionally used for tissue engineering and drug delivery are attracting attention. Among them, hydrogels can be easily injected into tumors with drugs, and they can minimize side effects by retaining immune therapeutics at the tumor site for a long time. This article reviews the status of functional hydrogels for effective cancer immunotherapy. First, we describe the basic mechanisms of cancer immunotherapy and the advantages of using hydrogels to apply these mechanisms. Next, we summarize recent advances in the development of functional hydrogels designed to locally release various immunotherapeutic agents, including cytokines, cancer immune vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells. Finally, we briefly discuss the current problems and possible prospects of hydrogels for effective cancer immunotherapy.
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18
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Paradiso F, Serpelloni S, Francis LW, Taraballi F. Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10098. [PMID: 34576261 PMCID: PMC8472581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a significant but limited cancer cell research approach to a wider investigation of the tumor microenvironment. This model can include multiple cell types and many elements from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides mechanical support for the tissue, mediates cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the extracellular space strongly influence cell fate, the epigenetic landscape, and gene expression. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, is lacking. In this review, we focus on the latest achievements in the study of ECM biomechanics and mechanosensing in cancer on 3D scaffold-based and scaffold-free models, focusing on each platform's level of complexity, up-to-date mechanical tests performed, limitations, and potential for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paradiso
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (F.P.); (S.S.)
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK;
| | - Stefano Serpelloni
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (F.P.); (S.S.)
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lewis W. Francis
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK;
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (F.P.); (S.S.)
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Kim SK, Kim YH, Park S, Cho SW. Organoid engineering with microfluidics and biomaterials for liver, lung disease, and cancer modeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:37-51. [PMID: 33711526 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As life expectancy improves and the number of people suffering from various diseases increases, the need for developing effective personalized disease models is rapidly rising. The development of organoid technology has led to better recapitulation of the in vivo environment of organs, and can overcome the constraints of existing disease models. However, for more precise disease modeling, engineering approaches such as microfluidics and biomaterials, that aid in mimicking human physiology, need to be integrated with the organoid models. In this review, we introduce key elements for disease modeling and recent engineering advances using both liver and lung organoids. Due to the importance of personalized medicine, we also emphasize patient-derived cancer organoid models and their engineering approaches. These organoid-based disease models combined with microfluidics, biomaterials, and co-culture systems will provide a powerful research platform for understanding disease mechanisms and developing precision medicine; enabling preclinical drug screening and drug development. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of organoid technology has led to better recapitulation of the in vivo environment of organs, and can overcome the constraints of existing disease models. However, for more precise disease modeling, engineering approaches such as microfluidics and biomaterials, that aid in mimicking human physiology, need to be integrated with the organoid models. In this review, we introduce liver, lung, and cancer organoids integrated with various engineering approaches as a novel platform for personalized disease modeling. These engineered organoid-based disease models will provide a powerful research platform for understanding disease mechanisms and developing precision medicine.
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20
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Lu Z, Nie B, Zhai W, Hu Z. Delineating the longitudinal tumor evolution using organoid models. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:560-570. [PMID: 34366272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an evolutionary process fueled by genetic or epigenetic alterations in the genome. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics that are operative at different stages of tumor progression might inform effective strategies in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. However, our understanding on the dynamics of tumor evolution through time is very limited since it is usually impossible to sample patient tumors repeatedly. The recent advances in in vitro 3D organoid culture technologies have opened new avenues for the development of more realistic human cancer models that mimic many in vivo biological characteristics in human tumors. Here, we review recent progresses and challenges in cancer genomic evolution studies and advantages of using tumor organoids to study cancer evolution. We propose to establish an experimental evolution model based on continuous passages of patient-derived organoids and longitudinal sampling to study clonal dynamics and evolutionary patterns over time. Development and integration of population genetic theories and computational models into time-course genomic data in tumor organoids will help to pinpoint the key cellular mechanisms underlying cancer evolutionary dynamics, thus providing novel insights on therapeutic strategies for highly dynamic and heterogeneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolian Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Beina Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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21
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Maradiaga ODH, Mok PL, Sivapragasam G, Samrot AV, Ali Khan MS, Farhana A, Alzahrani B, Tong J, Karuppiah T, Joseph NMS, Subbiah SK. Lipofection of Single Guide RNA Targeting MMP8 Decreases Proliferation and Migration in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:710. [PMID: 34356991 PMCID: PMC8306211 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been implicated as major determinants of tumour growth and metastasis, which are considered two of the main hallmarks of cancer. The interaction of MMP8 and other signalling molecules within and adjacent tumoral tissues, including immune cells, are rather elusive, particularly of adenocarcinoma cell type. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of MMP8 in non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and invasiveness potential. Materials and Methods: We individually lipofected with two different single guide RNA (sgRNAs) that specifically targeted on MMP8, with CRISPR-Cas 9 protein into the cells. Results: Our results clearly indicated that the lipofection of these complexes could lead to reduced ability of A549 cells to survive and proliferate to form colonies. In addition, when compared to non-transfected cells, the experimental cell groups receiving sgRNAs demonstrated relatively decreased migration rate, hence, wider wound gaps in scratch assay. The quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated significant reduction in the MAP-K, survivin and PI3-K gene expression. MMP8 might have protective roles over tumour growth and spread in our body. Conclusions: The delivery of sgRNAs targeting on the MMP8 gene could induce tumour cell death and arrest cell migratory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar David Hernandez Maradiaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (B.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Gothai Sivapragasam
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Safwan Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamidiye International Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Mekteb-I, Tibbiye-I Sahane (Hamidiye) Complex Selimiye Mahallesi, Tibbiye Caddesi #38, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (B.A.)
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (B.A.)
| | - Jiabei Tong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
| | - Thilakavathy Karuppiah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Narcisse M. S. Joseph
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, 173, Agaram Main Rd, Selaiyur, Chennai 600073, India
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22
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Kim DY, Ju HJ, Kim JH, Choi S, Kim MS. Injectable in situ forming hydrogel gene depot to improve the therapeutic effect of STAT3 shRNA. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4459-4472. [PMID: 33997877 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00624j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Down-regulation of the signal transducer and activity of transcription 3 (Stat3) plays a crucial role in suppression of many solid tumors. Intratumoral injection of a gene carrier applying Stat3-small hairpin RNA (St3-shRNA) is a potential therapeutic strategy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the intratumoral injection of St3-shRNA using a gene carrier. We herein designed biodegradable (methoxy)polyethylene glycol-b-(polycaprolactone-ran-polylactide) copolymer (MP) derivatized with a spermine group with cationic properties at the pendant position of the MP chain (MP-NH2). The designed MP-NH2 can act as a gene carrier of St3-shRNA by forming an electrostatic complex with cationic spermine. This can increase the stability of the complexes because of protection of PEG in biologic environments and can exhibit a sol-gel phase transition around body temperature for the formation of intratumorally injected MP-NH2 hydrogel depot for St3-shRNA. MP-NH2 was observed to completely condense with St3-shRNA to form St3-shRNA/MP-NH2 complexes. These complexes were protected for a relatively long time (≥72 h) from external biologic molecules of the serum, DNase, and heparin. St3-shRNA/MP-NH2 complexes in in vitro tumor cell experiments can enhance transfection of St3-shRNA, correspondingly enhance Stat3 knockdown efficiency, and inhibit tumor cell growth. St3-shRNA/MP-NH2 complexes and St3-shRNA/MP-NH2 complex-loaded hydrogel were intratumorally injected into the tumor as new efficient delivery carriers and depots of St3-shRNA. The intratumoral injection of St3-shRNA/MP-NH2 complexes and St3-shRNA/MP-NH2 complex-loaded hydrogel showed effective anti-tumor effect for an extended period of time due to the effect of Stat3 knockdown. Collectively, the development of MP-NH2 as a carrier and depot of St3-shRNA provides a new strategy for St3-shRNA therapy through intratumoral injection with high efficacy and minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-759, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Jin Ju
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-759, Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-759, Korea.
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-759, Korea.
| | - Moon Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-759, Korea.
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23
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Moysidou CM, Barberio C, Owens RM. Advances in Engineering Human Tissue Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:620962. [PMID: 33585419 PMCID: PMC7877542 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.620962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in cell biology greatly relies on cell-based in vitro assays and models that facilitate the investigation and understanding of specific biological events and processes under different conditions. The quality of such experimental models and particularly the level at which they represent cell behavior in the native tissue, is of critical importance for our understanding of cell interactions within tissues and organs. Conventionally, in vitro models are based on experimental manipulation of mammalian cells, grown as monolayers on flat, two-dimensional (2D) substrates. Despite the amazing progress and discoveries achieved with flat biology models, our ability to translate biological insights has been limited, since the 2D environment does not reflect the physiological behavior of cells in real tissues. Advances in 3D cell biology and engineering have led to the development of a new generation of cell culture formats that can better recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment, allowing us to examine cells and their interactions in a more biomimetic context. Modern biomedical research has at its disposal novel technological approaches that promote development of more sophisticated and robust tissue engineering in vitro models, including scaffold- or hydrogel-based formats, organotypic cultures, and organs-on-chips. Even though such systems are necessarily simplified to capture a particular range of physiology, their ability to model specific processes of human biology is greatly valued for their potential to close the gap between conventional animal studies and human (patho-) physiology. Here, we review recent advances in 3D biomimetic cultures, focusing on the technological bricks available to develop more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human tissues. By highlighting applications and examples of several physiological and disease models, we identify the limitations and challenges which the field needs to address in order to more effectively incorporate synthetic biomimetic culture platforms into biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Róisín Meabh Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Mohapatra A, Uthaman S, Park IK. External and Internal Stimuli-Responsive Metallic Nanotherapeutics for Enhanced Anticancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:597634. [PMID: 33505987 PMCID: PMC7831291 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.597634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging approaches based on nanotechnology offer distinct advantages in cancer treatment. Various nanotherapeutics have been presented as potential alternatives to traditional anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention. Notably, the advantage of nanotherapeutics is mainly attributable to their accumulation and targeting ability toward cancer cells, multiple drug-carrying abilities, combined therapies, and imaging approaches. To date, numerous nanoparticle formulations have been developed for anticancer therapy and among them, metallic nanotherapeutics reportedly demonstrate promising cancer therapeutic and diagnostic efficiencies owing to their dense surface functionalization ability, uniform size distribution, and shape-dependent optical responses, easy and cost-effective synthesis procedure, and multiple anti-cancer effects. Metallic nanotherapeutics can remodel the tumor microenvironment by changing unfavorable therapeutic conditions into therapeutically accessible ones with the help of different stimuli, including light, heat, ultrasound, an alternative magnetic field, redox, and reactive oxygen species. The combination of metallic nanotherapeutics with both external and internal stimuli can be used to trigger the on-demand release of therapeutic molecules, augmenting the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer therapies such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of different metallic nanotherapeutics in anti-cancer therapy, as well as their combinational effects with multiple stimuli for enhanced anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adityanarayan Mohapatra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
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25
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Welm BE, Vaklavas C, Welm AL. Toward improved models of human cancer. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:010901. [PMID: 33415312 PMCID: PMC7785323 DOI: 10.1063/5.0030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancer is a complex and heterogeneous collection of diseases that kills
more than 18 million people every year worldwide. Despite advances in detection,
diagnosis, and treatments for cancers, new strategies are needed to combat
deadly cancers. Models of human cancer continue to evolve for preclinical
research and have culminated in patient-derived systems that better represent
the diversity and complexity of cancer. Still, no model is perfect. This
Perspective attempts to address ways that we can improve the clinical
translatability of models used for cancer research, from the point of view of
researchers who mainly conduct cancer studies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Welm
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Christos Vaklavas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Alana L Welm
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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26
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Fernando K, Kwang LG, Lim JTC, Fong ELS. Hydrogels to engineer tumor microenvironments in vitro. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2362-2383. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01943g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Illustration of engineered hydrogel to recapitulate aspects of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Fernando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Leng Gek Kwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Joanne Tze Chin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health
- National University of Singapore
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27
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Applications of Organoids for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:729-730. [PMID: 33180319 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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