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Meng Y, Yin Q, Ma Q, Qin H, Zhang J, Zhang B, Pang H, Tian H. FXII regulates the formation of deep vein thrombosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in mice. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:87. [PMID: 33760144 PMCID: PMC8018183 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common peripheral vascular disease, which may result in pulmonary embolism and is accompanied by endothelial injury. However, the pathogenesis of DVT remains unclear. Coagulation factor XII (FXII), as an important coagulation factor, has been reported to be closely associated with thrombosis. However, the association between FXII protein and DVT formation is not yet fully understood. The present study examined the effects of FXII protein on DVT formation and aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism. In the present study, histological characterization of the femoral vein tissue was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The damage to the femoral vein tissue was examined by TUNEL assay. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were examined using ELISA. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑8 and phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling were determined by ELISA, immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that thrombosis, FXII protein, cell apoptosis and the SOD concentrations were decreased, while the MDA concentrations were increased in mice with DVT compared with the control or sham groups. TNF‑α, IL‑6, IL‑8 and PI3K/AKT signaling was also upregulated in the mice with DVT. Furthermore, the knockdown of FXII significantly upregulated the SOD concentrations and downregulated thrombosis and cell apoptosis, as well as the MDA concentrations in mice with DVT. The knockdown of FXII also significantly downregulated the protein expression of TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑8, and the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Additionally, LY294002 pre‑treatment markedly downregulated thrombosis and cell apoptosis and the MDA content, whereas it upregulated the SOD concentrations in mice with DVT. LY294002 pre‑treatment also significantly downregulated the TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑8 protein levels. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that FXII protein promotes DVT via the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling by inducing an inflammatory response. Targeting FXII protein may thus prove to be a potential approach for the treatment of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hao Qin
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Pang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wei R, Miao X, Sun S, Liang G, Chu C, Zhao L, Zhu X, Guo Q, Wang B, Li X. IL (Interleukin)-6 Contributes to Deep Vein Thrombosis and Is Negatively Regulated by miR-338-5p. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:323-334. [PMID: 31852218 PMCID: PMC6975520 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), one of the most common venous thromboembolic disorders, is closely linked with pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome, both of which have a high mortality. However, the factors that trigger DVT formation are still largely unknown. Elevated expression of IL (interleukin)-6—an important inflammatory cytokine—has been linked with DVT formation. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the elevated IL-6 in DVT remain unclear. Here, we proposed that epigenetic modification of IL-6 at the post-transcriptional level may be a crucial trigger for IL-6 upregulation in DVT. Approach and Results: To explore the association between microRNAs and IL-6 in DVT, we performed microRNA microarray analysis and experiments both in vitro and in vivo. Microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that IL-6 expression was increased while miR-338-5p level was decreased substantially in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with DVT, and there was significant negative correlation between miR-338-5p and IL-6. Experiments in vitro showed that overexpressed miR-338-5p reduced IL-6 expression, while miR-338-5p knockdown increased IL-6 expression. Moreover, our in vivo study found that mice with anti–IL-6 antibody or agomiR-338-5p delivery resulted in decreased IL-6 expression and alleviated DVT formation, whereas antagomiR-338-5p acted inversely. Most of miR-338-5p was found located in cytoplasm by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Dual-luciferase reporter assay identified direct binding between miR-338-5p and IL-6. Conclusions: Our results suggest that decreased miR-338-5p promotes DVT formation by increasing IL-6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Zhang
- From the School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China (Y.Z., C.C.).,Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (Y.Z., Z.Z., R.W., S.S., C.C., L.Z., X.Z., Q.G., X.L.)
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (Y.Z., Z.Z., R.W., S.S., C.C., L.Z., X.Z., Q.G., X.L.)
| | - Ran Wei
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (Y.Z., Z.Z., R.W., S.S., C.C., L.Z., X.Z., Q.G., X.L.)
| | - Xiuming Miao
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China (X.M., G.L., B.W.)
| | - Shangwen Sun
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (Y.Z., Z.Z., R.W., S.S., C.C., L.Z., X.Z., Q.G., X.L.).,Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan (S.S.)
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China (X.M., G.L., B.W.)
| | - Chu Chu
- From the School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China (Y.Z., C.C.).,Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (Y.Z., Z.Z., R.W., S.S., C.C., L.Z., X.Z., Q.G., X.L.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (Y.Z., Z.Z., R.W., S.S., C.C., L.Z., X.Z., Q.G., X.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (Y.Z., Z.Z., R.W., S.S., C.C., L.Z., X.Z., Q.G., X.L.)
| | - Qiang Guo
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (Y.Z., Z.Z., R.W., S.S., C.C., L.Z., X.Z., Q.G., X.L.)
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China (X.M., G.L., B.W.)
| | - Xia Li
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (Y.Z., Z.Z., R.W., S.S., C.C., L.Z., X.Z., Q.G., X.L.)
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