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Cheng X, Hübner R, von Kiedrowski V, Fricker G, Schirrmacher R, Wängler C, Wängler B. Design, Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Heterobivalent SiFA lin-Modified Peptidic Radioligands Targeting Both Integrin α vβ 3 and the MC1 Receptor-Suitable for the Specific Visualization of Melanomas? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060547. [PMID: 34200477 PMCID: PMC8228600 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining two peptides addressing two different receptors to a heterobivalent peptidic ligand (HBPL) is thought to enable an improved tumor-targeting sensitivity and thus tumor visualization, compared to monovalent peptide ligands. In the case of melanoma, the Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), which is stably overexpressed in the majority of primary malignant melanomas, and integrin αvβ3, which is involved in lymph node metastasis and therefore has an important role in the transition from local to metastatic disease, are important target receptors. Thus, if a radiolabeled HBPL could be developed that was able to bind to both receptor types, the early diagnosis and correct staging of the disease would be significantly increased. Here, we report on the design, synthesis, radiolabeling and in vitro and in vivo testing of different SiFAlin-modified HBPLs (SiFA = silicon fluoride acceptor), consisting of an MC1R-targeting (GG-Nle-c(DHfRWK)) and an integrin αvβ3-affine peptide (c(RGDfK)), being connected by a symmetrically branching framework including linkers of differing length and composition. Kit-like 18F-radiolabeling of the HBPLs 1–6 provided the labeled products [18F]1–[18F]6 in radiochemical yields of 27–50%, radiochemical purities of ≥95% and non-optimized molar activities of 17–51 GBq/μmol within short preparation times of 25 min. Besides the evaluation of radiotracers regarding logD(7.4) and stability in human serum, the receptor affinities of the HBPLs were investigated in vitro on cell lines overexpressing integrin αvβ3 (U87MG cells) or the MC1R (B16F10). Based on these results, the most promising compounds [18F]2, showing the highest affinity to both target receptors (IC50 (B16F10) = 0.99 ± 0.11 nM, IC50 (U87MG) = 1300 ± 288 nM), and [18F]4, exhibiting the highest hydrophilicity (logD(7.4) = −1.39 ± 0.03), were further investigated in vivo and ex vivo in a xenograft mouse model bearing both tumors. For both HBPLs, clear visualization of B16F10, as well as U87MG tumors, was feasible. Blocking studies using the respective monospecific peptides demonstrated both peptide binders of the HBPLs contributing to tumor uptake. Despite the somewhat lower target receptor affinities (IC50 (B16F10) = 6.00 ± 0.47 nM and IC50 (U87MG) = 2034 ± 323 nM) of [18F]4, the tracer showed higher absolute tumor uptakes ([18F]4: 2.58 ± 0.86% ID/g in B16F10 tumors and 3.92 ± 1.31% ID/g in U87MG tumors; [18F]2: 2.32 ± 0.49% ID/g in B16F10 tumors and 2.33 ± 0.46% ID/g in U87MG tumors) as well as higher tumor-to-background ratios than [18F]2. Thus, [18F]4 demonstrates to be a highly potent radiotracer for the sensitive and bispecific imaging of malignant melanoma by PET/CT imaging and impressively illustrates the suitability of the underlying concept to develop heterobivalent integrin αvβ3- and MC1R-bispecific radioligands for the sensitive and specific imaging of malignant melanoma by PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cheng
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.C.); (V.v.K.)
| | - Ralph Hübner
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Valeska von Kiedrowski
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.C.); (V.v.K.)
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.C.); (V.v.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (B.W.)
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Ruksha TG, Sergeeva EY, Fefelova YA, Khorzhevsky VA. [The significance of C-KIT gene mutations in the diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors]. Arkh Patol 2021; 83:61-68. [PMID: 34278763 DOI: 10.17116/patol20218304161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the C-KIT gene encoding type III receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cellular processes, such as differentiation, survival, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, are found in some neoplasms: gastrointestinal stromal tumor, mastocytosis, melanoma, breast carcinomas, myeloid leukemias, and a number of others. Tumors that exhibit these mutations are sensitive to therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which makes it necessary to correctly identify the mutation status by C-KIT in order to apply a personalized approach to therapy. This literature review shows that the type and localization of the C-KIT gene mutation are of crucial prognostic value and significance in choosing drugs for antitumor therapy, but traditional diagnostic methods fail to determine accurate mutation characteristics. Routine sequencing techniques focus on identifying the gene mutations associated with specific cellular processes, such as DNA damage and repair. The emergence of next-generation sequencing techniques has solved this problem, making it possible to fully analyze the genome of a malignant neoplasm, with constant screening for new mutations that appear as the tumor develops, affect the prognosis of the disease, and change its sensitivity to the antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Ruksha
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Sergeeva
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yu A Fefelova
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - V A Khorzhevsky
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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