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Jirawat N, Leelayuwatanakul N. Unusual manifestation of pulmonary Verruconis gallopava infection with synchronous reactive pericardial effusion in a non-transplanted patient. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e251835. [PMID: 37474138 PMCID: PMC10360439 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Verruconis gallopava is an emerging causative agent in solid organ transplant patients, increasing in prevalence both in non-transplanted patients and also in immunocompetent ones, albeit rarely. In this case report, we describe an unusual V. gallopava infection in a patient with steroid-dependent autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. The chest CT scan revealed a mass-like consolidation in the superior segment of the right lower lobe, and bronchoscopic examination confirmed V. gallopava from bronchoalveolar lavage. The histopathology showed non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation concurrent with septate-pigmented hyphae, which is compatible with dematiaceous fungi. After 3 weeks of posaconazole treatment, the patient developed a new pericardial effusion. Further investigations, including culture, cytology and histopathology, yielded negative results, leading to suspicion of reactive pericardial effusion associated with V. gallopava pulmonary infection. The patient received antifungal therapy for 9 months, after which a follow-up chest CT scan showed complete resolution of consolidation and pericardial effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napat Jirawat
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nophol Leelayuwatanakul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bombassaro A, Schneider GX, Costa FF, Leão ACR, Soley BS, Medeiros F, da Silva NM, Lima BJFS, Castro RJA, Bocca AL, Baura VA, Balsanelli E, Pankievicz VCS, Hrysay NMC, Scola RH, Moreno LF, Azevedo CMPS, Souza EM, Gomes RR, de Hoog S, Vicente VA. Genomics and Virulence of Fonsecaea pugnacius, Agent of Disseminated Chromoblastomycosis. Front Genet 2020; 11:822. [PMID: 32849816 PMCID: PMC7417343 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among agents of chromoblastomycosis, Fonsecaea pugnacius presents a unique type of infection because of its secondary neurotropic dissemination from a chronic cutaneous case in an immunocompetent patient. Neurotropism occurs with remarkable frequency in the fungal family Herpotrichiellaceae, possibly associated with the ability of some species to metabolize aromatic hydrocarbons. In an attempt to understand this new disease pattern, were conducted genomic analysis of Fonsecaea pugnacius (CBS 139214) performed with de novo assembly, gene prediction, annotation and mitochondrial genome assembly, supplemented with animal infection models performed with Tenebrio molitor in Mus musculus lineages BALB/c and C57BL/6. The genome draft of 34.8 Mb was assembled with a total of 12,217 protein-coding genes. Several proteins, enzymes and metabolic pathways related to extremotolerance and virulence were recognized. The enzyme profiles of black fungi involved in chromoblastomycosis and brain infection were analyzed with the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZY) and peptidases database (MEROPS). The capacity of the fungus to survive inside Tenebrio molitor animal model was confirmed by histopathological analysis and by presence of melanin and hyphae in host tissue. Although F. pugnacius was isolated from brain in a murine model following intraperitoneal infection, cytokine levels were not statistically significant, indicating a profile of an opportunistic agent. A dual ecological ability can be concluded from presence of metabolic pathways for nutrient scavenging and extremotolerance, combined with a capacity to infect human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bombassaro
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela X Schneider
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flávia F Costa
- Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-graduation Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Aniele C R Leão
- Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-graduation Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Soley
- Pharmacology Post-graduation Program, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Medeiros
- Graduation in Biology Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nickolas M da Silva
- Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-graduation Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna J F S Lima
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Anamélia L Bocca
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Valter A Baura
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Nyvia M C Hrysay
- Service of Neuromuscular and Demyelinating Diseases, Complex Histochemistry-Immunity Laboratory, Hospital of Clinics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rosana H Scola
- Service of Neuromuscular and Demyelinating Diseases, Complex Histochemistry-Immunity Laboratory, Hospital of Clinics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leandro F Moreno
- Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-graduation Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuel M Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renata R Gomes
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vânia A Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-graduation Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Zhang TY, Yu Y, Zhang MY, Cheng J, Chen ZJ, Zhang JY, Zhang YX. Verruconis panacis sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from Panax notoginseng. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2499-2503. [PMID: 29923818 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An endophytic strain (designated as strain SYPF 8337T) was isolated from the root of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng in Yunnan province of China. Strain SYPF 8337T grew slowly and formed pale brown to brown colonies. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that strain SYPF 8337T was placed in the Verruconis clade. Different from other Verruconis species, strain SYPF 8337T produced four-cell conidia. Furthermore, strain SYPF 8337T is the first fungus isolated as an endophyte of P. notoginseng in the genus Verruconis. Combined with the morphology and molecular analyses, a new species named Verruconis panacis sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Zhang
- 1School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ying Yu
- 1School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- 1School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Juan Cheng
- 1School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhong-Jian Chen
- 2Wenshan Sanqi Research Institute, Wenshan University, Wenshan 663000, PR China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhang
- 3Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, PR China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- 1School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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El Helou G, Palavecino E, Nunez M. Double invasive fungal infection due to dematiaceous moulds in a renal transplant patient. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-222527. [PMID: 29437770 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria and Verruconis are two dematiaceous moulds that occasionally cause disease in immunocompromised hosts. We present the case of a 58-year-old man with history of deceased donor renal transplantation 14 months prior, who presented with fevers and cough. He was found to have right upper lobe pneumonia and a non-healing eschar of his right knee. Dematiaceous fungi grew from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and was sent to reference lab for identification. Meanwhile, the eschar on his right knee was biopsied and grew Alternaria spp. Pathology was consistent with invasive mould infection and he was treated as having disseminated Alternaria infection with voriconazole and amphotericin B lipid complex. Later on, the dematiaceous mould from a BAL specimen was identified as Verruconis gallopava The patient was discharged on voriconazole awaiting minimal inhibitory concentrations for V. gallopava but was readmitted 2 days later with high fevers and died from acute respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy El Helou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth Palavecino
- Pathology Labs, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marina Nunez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Debourgogne A, Dorin J, Machouart M. Emerging infections due to filamentous fungi in humans and animals: only the tip of the iceberg? ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:332-342. [PMID: 27058996 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the number of patients susceptible to invasive filamentous fungal infections has steadily increased, especially in populations suffering from hematological diseases. The pathogens responsible for such mycoses are now quite well characterized, such as Aspergillus spp. - the most commonly isolated mold -, Mucorales, Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp. or melanized fungi. An increase in the incidence of this category of 'emerging' fungi has been recently highlighted, evoking a shift in fungal ecology. Starting from these medical findings, taking a step back and adopt a wider perspective offers possible explanations of this phenomenon on an even larger scale than previously reported. In this review, we illustrate the link between emerging fungi in medicine and changes in ecology or human behaviours, and we encourage integrative approaches to apprehend the adverse effects of progress and develop preventive measures in vast domains, such as agriculture or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Debourgogne
- Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Laboratoire Stress Immunité Pathogènes - EA 7300 - Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54511 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Joséphine Dorin
- Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Marie Machouart
- Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Laboratoire Stress Immunité Pathogènes - EA 7300 - Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54511 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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