Formulation, development and optimization of mouth dissolving tablets of Rizatriptan benzoate

Development of Immediate Release Tablets Containing Calcium Lactate Synthetized from Black Sea Mussel Shells

Nowadays, the use of marine by-products as precursor materials has gained great interest in the extraction and production of chemical compounds with suitable properties and possible pharmaceutical applications. The present paper presents the development of a new immediate release tablet containing calcium lactate obtained from Black Sea mussel shells. Compared with other calcium salts, calcium lactate has good solubility and bioavailability. In the pharmaceutical preparations, calcium lactate was extensively utilized as a calcium source for preventing and treating calcium deficiencies. The physical and chemical characteristics of synthesized calcium lactate were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal analysis. Further, the various pharmacotechnical properties of the calcium lactate obtained from mussel shells were determined in comparison with an industrial used direct compressible Calcium lactate DC (PURACAL^®). The obtained results suggest that mussel shell by-products are suitable for the development of chemical compounds with potential applications in the pharmaceutical domain.

Enhancing the Low Oral Bioavailability of Sulpiride via Fast Orally Disintegrating Tablets: Formulation, Optimization and In Vivo Characterization

Sulpiride (SUL) is a dopamine D₂-receptor antagonist used for management of GIT disturbance and it has anti-psychotic activities based on the administered dose. SUL undergoes P-glycoprotein efflux, which lead to poor bioavailability and erratic absorption. Therefore, the objective of this research was an attempt to enhance the oral bioavailability of SUL via formulation of fast disintegrating tablets (SUL-FDTs) with a rapid onset of action. A 3² full-factorial design was performed for optimization of SUL-FDTs using desirability function. The concentration of superdisintegrant (X₁) and Prosolv^® (X₂) were selected as independent formulation variables for the preparation and optimization of SUL-FDTs using direct compression technique. The prepared SUL-FDTs were investigated regarding their mechanical strength, disintegration time, drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis in rabbits. The optimized formulation has hardness of 4.58 ± 0.52 KP, friability of 0.73 ± 0.158%, disintegration time of 37.5 ± 1.87 s and drug release of 100.51 ± 1.34% after 30 min. In addition, the optimized SUL-FDTs showed a significant (p < 0.01) increase in C_max and AUC(_0-∞) and a relative bioavailability of about 9.3 fold compared to the commercial product. It could be concluded that SUL-FDTs are a promising formulation for enhancing the oral bioavailability of SUL concomitant with a fast action.

Patient-centered drug delivery and its potential applications for unmet medical needs

Pharmaceutical dosage forms address diverse key components but satisfying unmet patient needs to enhance patient adherence is a major challenge. The desired design of patient-centered drug products should be based on characteristics of various components, such as patients, disease, routes of administration, drug delivery technologies and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Understanding of targeting patients and their physiological and biological environments is pivotal for developing suitable patient-centered drug products. In this review, key components of an ideal drug delivery system were considered. Then, stepwise approaches for designing patient-centered drug products were suggested. Finally, various case studies are also presented and considered to develop models of patient-centered drug products.