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The potential of apricot seed and oil as functional food: Composition, biological properties, health benefits & safety. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kitic D, Miladinovic B, Randjelovic M, Szopa A, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Seidel V. Anticancer Potential and Other Pharmacological Properties of Prunus armeniaca L.: An Updated Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11141885. [PMID: 35890519 PMCID: PMC9325146 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae)-syn. Amygdalus armeniaca (L.) Dumort., Armeniaca armeniaca (L.) Huth, Armeniaca vulgaris Lam is commonly known as the apricot tree. The plant is thought to originate from the northern, north-western, and north-eastern provinces of China, although some data show that it may also come from Korea or Japan. The apricot fruit is used medicinally to treat a variety of ailments, including use as an antipyretic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, emetic, and ophthalmic remedy. The Chinese and Korean pharmacopeias describe the apricot seed as an herbal medicinal product. Various parts of the apricot plant are used worldwide for their anticancer properties, either as a primary remedy in traditional medicine or as a complementary or alternative medicine. The purpose of this review was to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on ethnobotanical data, bioactive phytochemicals, anticancer potential, pharmacological applications, and toxicology of the genus Prunus armeniaca, thus providing new perspectives on future research directions. Included data were obtained from online databases such as PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science direct, and Wiley Online Library. Multiple anticancer mechanisms have been identified in in vitro and in vivo studies, the most important mechanisms being apoptosis, antiproliferation, and cytotoxicity. The anticancer properties are probably mediated by the contained bioactive compounds, which can activate various anticancer mechanisms and signaling pathways such as tumor suppressor proteins that reduce the proliferation of tumor cells. Other pharmacological properties resulting from the analysis of experimental studies include neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antihyperlipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. In addition, data were provided on the toxicity of amygdalin, a compound found in apricot kernel seeds, which limits the long-term use of complementary/alternative products derived from P. armeniaca. This updated review showed that bioactive compounds derived from P. armeniaca are promising compounds for future research due to their important pharmacological properties, especially anticancer. A detailed analysis of the chemical structure of these compounds and their cytotoxicity should be carried out in future research. In addition, translational pharmacological studies are required for the correct determination of pharmacologically active doses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusanka Kitic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Ave. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.K.); (B.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Bojana Miladinovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Ave. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.K.); (B.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Milica Randjelovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Ave. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.K.); (B.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca 14-008, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (J.S.-R.); (D.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (J.S.-R.); (D.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
- Correspondence: (J.S.-R.); (D.C.); (V.S.)
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Munekata PES, Yilmaz B, Pateiro M, Kumar M, Domínguez R, Shariati MA, Hano C, Lorenzo JM. Valorization of by-products from Prunus genus fruit processing: Opportunities and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7795-7810. [PMID: 35285755 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2050350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food processing, especially the juice industry, is an important sector that generate million tons of residues every. Due to the increasing concern about waste generation and the interest in its valorization, the reutilization of by-products generated from the processing of popular fruits of the Prunus genus (rich in high-added value compounds) has gained the spotlight in the food area. This review aims to provide an overview of the high added-value compounds found in the residues of Prunus fruits (peach, nectarine, donut peach, plum, cherry, and apricot) processing and applications in the food science area. Collective (pomace) and individual (kernels, peels, and leaves) residues from Prunus fruits processing contains polyphenols (especially flavonoids and anthocyanins), lipophilic compounds (such as unsaturated fatty acids, carotenes, tocopherols, sterols, and squalene), proteins (bioactive peptides and essential amino acids) that are wasted. Applications are increasingly expanding from the flour from the kernels to encapsulated bioactive compounds, active films, and ingredients with technological relevance for the quality of bread, cookies, ice cream, clean label meat products and extruded foods. Advances to increasing safety has also been reported against anti-nutritional (amygdalin) and toxic compounds (aflatoxin and pesticides) due to advances in emerging processing technologies and strategic use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birsen Yilmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Campus Eure et Loir, Orleans University, Chartres, France
- Le Studium Institue for Advanced Studies, Orleans, France
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Fratianni F, Cozzolino R, d'Acierno A, Ombra MN, Spigno P, Riccardi R, Malorni L, Stocchero M, Nazzaro F. Biochemical Characterization of Some Varieties of Apricot Present in the Vesuvius Area, Southern Italy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:854868. [PMID: 35350414 PMCID: PMC8958034 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.854868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The witnesses of the millenary history of Campania felix in southern Italy highlighted that several fruit and vegetables cultivated in such territory could potentially be a treasure trove of important health elements. Our work evaluated the content of β-carotene, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics and the antioxidant activity of ten typical varieties of apricots cultivated in the Vesuvius area in the Campania region. The total polyphenols varied between 10.24 and 34.04 mg/100 g of a fresh sample. The amount of ascorbic acid also varied greatly, ranging from 2.65 to 10.65 mg/100 g of a fresh product. B-Carotene reached values up to 0.522 mg/100 g of the fresh sample. The correlation analysis performed, accounting for these parameters, showed that the antioxidant activity, calculated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay) and azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) tests, was influenced mainly by the content of total polyphenols, with ρ = −0.762 and ρ = 0.875 when we considered DPPH and ABTS tests, respectively, slightly less by the content of ascorbic acid, and not by β-carotene. The dendrogram clustered eight varieties into two main groups; on the other hand, two varieties (“Vitillo” and “Preveta bella”) seemed hierarchically distant. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), herein performed for the first time, demonstrated the influence of the varieties on the VOC profiles, both from a qualitative and semiquantitative perspective, discriminating the varieties in different clusters, each of which was characterized by specific notes. α-Terpinolene was the only terpene identified by GC–MS that appeared to affect the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Antonio d'Acierno
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Neve Ombra
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | - Livia Malorni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), Avellino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Filomena Nazzaro
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Fratianni F, d'Acierno A, Ombra MN, Amato G, De Feo V, Ayala-Zavala JF, Coppola R, Nazzaro F. Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant, and in vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Five Cold-Pressed Prunus Seed Oils, and Their Anti-biofilm Effect Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Front Nutr 2021; 8:775751. [PMID: 34869542 PMCID: PMC8636901 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.775751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus dulcis) oil is one of the most famous cold-pressed seed oils. However, other species of Prunus can provide oils with healthy properties. We analyzed the fatty acid (FA) composition, as well as the antioxidant, the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties, and the antibiofilm activity of five commercial vegetable cold-pressed seed oils of apricot, peach, plum, cherry, and black cherry. Methods: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was performed for the analysis of FAs The antioxidant property of the oils was carried using different tests [2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay)], Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and the 2, 20 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS·+). The denaturation assay performed on bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-biofilm activity was assessed using five pathogenic strains, namely, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, through the crystal violet test and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), used to evaluate the metabolism of the microbial cells present within the biofilm. Results: Oleic acid and linoleic acids were the most abundant FAs. Black cherry seed oil exhibited the best antioxidant activity, but in general, the amount of oil needed to inhibit the activity of 1 ml of DPPH assay at 50% did not exceed 10 μg. The extract concentration for the 50% inhibition of the denaturation of the protein (IC50) did not exceed 4.4 μg. Linoleic and stearic acids affected the antioxidant activity of the oils; oleic acid, linolenic, and palmitoleic acids exhibited beneficial effects in preserving the BSA denaturation, as shown by the correlation data. The oils were able to inhibit the biofilm formation of the pathogens (up to 71.40% of inhibition) as well as act against their mature biofilm, although with different strengths, with values up to 61.54%. Concurrently, they also acted on the pathogen metabolism. Conclusion: The oils represent a valuable source of some healthy FAs. They showed potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in vitro activity, in addition, their potential effect on the biofilm can offer important ideas for research and reflection on their use as functional foods and/or ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Antonio d'Acierno
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Neve Ombra
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Avellino, Italy
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Hrichi S, Rigano F, Chaabane-Banaoues R, Oulad El Majdoub Y, Mangraviti D, Di Marco D, Babba H, Dugo P, Mondello L, Mighri Z, Cacciola F. Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from Prunus armeniaca L. Kernel Extracts. Foods 2020; 9:E896. [PMID: 32650361 PMCID: PMC7404456 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from its essential oil, Prunus armeniaca L. kernel extract has received only scarce attention. The present study aimed to describe the lipid and polyphenolic composition of the dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts on the basis of hot extraction, performing analysis by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A total of 6 diacylglycerols (DAGs) and 18 triacylglycerols (TAGs) were detected as being present in all extracts, with the predominance of OLL (dilinoleyl-olein), OOL (dioleoyl-linolein), and OOO (triolein), with percentages ranging from 19.0-32.8%, 20.3-23.6%, and 12.1-20.1%, respectively. In further detail, the extraction with ethyl acetate (medium polarity solvent) gave the highest signal for all peaks, followed by chloroform and dichloromethane (more apolar solvent), while the extraction with ethanol (polar solvent) was the least efficient. Ethanol showed very poor signal for the most saturated TAGs, while dichloromethane showed the lowest percentages of DAGs. Accordingly, the screening of the total fatty acid composition revealed the lowest percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2n6) in the dichloromethane extract, which instead contained the highest amount (greater than 60%) of oleic acid (C18:1n9). Polyphenolic compounds with pharmacological effects (anti-tumor, anti-coagulant, and inflammatory), such as coumarin derivative and amygdalin, occurred at a higher amount in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Hrichi
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (S.H.); (Z.M.)
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (D.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Raja Chaabane-Banaoues
- Laboratory of Medical and molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (R.C.-B.); (H.B.)
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (D.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Domenica Mangraviti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (D.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Davide Di Marco
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Laboratory of Medical and molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (R.C.-B.); (H.B.)
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (D.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (D.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Zine Mighri
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (S.H.); (Z.M.)
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
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Wu Z, Zhang Q, Li N, Pu Y, Wang B, Zhang T. Comparison of critical methods developed for fatty acid analysis: A review. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:288-298. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuona Wu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Ning Li
- Division of Life Science; HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen China
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
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