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Raimi A, Adeleke R. Bioprospecting of endophytic microorganisms for bioactive compounds of therapeutic importance. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1917-1942. [PMID: 33677637 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Presently, several drug discovery investigations on therapeutic management of human health are aimed at bioprospecting for microorganisms, especially endophytic microbes of biotechnological importance. This review investigates the benefits of endophytes, especially in producing bioactive compounds useful in modern medicine by systematically reviewing published data from 12 databases. Only experimental studies investigating either or both bacterial and fungal endophytes and within the scope of this review were selected. The published data from the last 2 decades (2000-2019) revealed diverse endophytes associated with different plants produce a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits. Notably, antibacterial, followed by anticancer and antifungal activities, were mostly reported. Only three studies investigated the anti-plasmodial activity. The variation observed in the synthesis of bioactive compounds amongst endophytes varied with host type, endophyte species, and cultivation medium. Fungal endophytes were more investigated than bacterial endophytes, with both endophytes having species diversity amongst literature. The endophytes were predominantly from medicinal plants and belonged to either Ascomycota (fungi) or Proteobacteria and Firmicutes (bacteria). This review presents excellent prospects of harnessing endophytes and their unique bioactive compounds in developing novel and effective compounds of medicinal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Raimi
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Ranjan A, Singh RK, Khare S, Tripathi R, Pandey RK, Singh AK, Gautam V, Tripathi JS, Singh SK. Characterization and evaluation of mycosterol secreted from endophytic strain of Gymnema sylvestre for inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17302. [PMID: 31754154 PMCID: PMC6872796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi produce various types of chemicals for establishment of niche within the host plant. Due to symbiotic association, they secrete pharmaceutically important bioactive compounds and enzyme inhibitors. In this research article, we have explored the potent α-glucosidse inhibitor (AGI) produced from Fusarium equiseti recovered from the leaf of Gymnema sylvestre through bioassay-guided fraction. This study investigated the biodiversity, phylogeny, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidse inhibition of endophytic fungi isolated from Gymnema sylvestre. A total of 32 isolates obtained were grouped into 16 genera, according to their morphology of colony and spores. A high biodiversity of endophytic fungi were observed in G. sylvestre with diversity indices. Endophytic fungal strain Fusarium equiseti was identified through DNA sequencing and the sequence was deposited in GenBank database (https://ncbi.nim.nih.gov) with acession number: MF403109. The characterization of potent compound was done by FTIR, LC-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic analysis with IUPAC name 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-ol. The isolated bioactive compound showed significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity with IC50 values, 4.22 ± 0.0005 µg/mL and 69.72 ± 0.001 µg/mL while IC50 values of acarbose was 5.75 ± 0.007 and 55.29 ± 0.0005 µg/mL respectively. This result is higher in comparison to other previous study. The enzyme kinetics study revealed that bioactive compound was competitive inhibitor for α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In-silico study showed that bioactive compound binds to the binding site of α-amylase, similar to that of acarbose but with higher affinity. The study highlights the importance of endophytic fungi as an alternative source of AGI (α-glucosidase inhibition) to control the diabetic condition in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ranjan
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
- Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Saumya Khare
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Ruchita Tripathi
- Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Pandey
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Jyoti Shankar Tripathi
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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Tanvir R, Javeed A, Bajwa AG. Endophyte bioprospecting in South Asian medicinal plants: an attractive resource for biopharmaceuticals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:1831-1844. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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