1
|
Forgrave LM, van der Gugten JG, Nguyen Q, DeMarco ML. Establishing pre-analytical requirements and maximizing peptide recovery in the analytical phase for mass spectrometric quantification of amyloid-β peptides 1-42 and 1-40 in CSF. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:198-206. [PMID: 34881836 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including Aβ42 (residues 1-42) and Aβ40 (residues 1-40), are utilized as biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of Alzheimer's disease. Careful consideration has been given to the pre-analytical and analytical factors associated with measurement of these peptides via immunoassays; however, far less information is available for mass spectrometric methods. As such, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of pre-analytical and analytical factors specific to Aβ quantification using mass spectrometry. METHODS Using our quantitative mass spectrometry assay for Aβ42 and Aβ40 in CSF, we investigated the potential for interference from hemolysate, bilirubin, lipids, and anti-Aβ-antibodies. We also optimized the composition of the calibrator surrogate matrix and Aβ recovery during and after solid phase extraction (SPE). RESULTS There was no interreference observed with total protein up to 12 g/L, hemolysate up to 10% (v/v), bilirubin up to 0.5% (v/v), intralipid up to 1% (v/v), or anti-Aβ-antibodies at expected therapeutic concentrations. For hemolysate, bilirubin and lipids, visual CSF contamination thresholds were established. In the analytical phase, Aβ recovery was increased by ∼50% via SPE solvent modifications and by over 150% via modification of the SPE collection plate, which also extended analyte stability in the autosampler. CONCLUSIONS Attention to mass spectrometric-specific pre-analytical and analytical considerations improved analytical sensitivity and reproducibility, as well as, established CSF specimen acceptance and rejection criteria for use by the clinical laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Forgrave
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Grace van der Gugten
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Quyen Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Doecke JD, Francois C, Fowler CJ, Stoops E, Bourgeat P, Rainey-Smith SR, Li QX, Masters CL, Martins RN, Villemagne VL, Collins SJ, Vanderstichele HM. Core Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarker assays are not affected by aspiration or gravity drip extraction methods. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:79. [PMID: 33863377 PMCID: PMC8052760 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CSF biomarkers are well-established for routine clinical use, yet a paucity of comparative assessment exists regarding CSF extraction methods during lumbar puncture. Here, we compare in detail biomarker profiles in CSF extracted using either gravity drip or aspiration. METHODS Biomarkers for β-amyloidopathy (Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40), tauopathy (total tau), or synapse pathology (BACE1, Neurogranin Trunc-p75, α-synuclein) were assessed between gravity or aspiration extraction methods in a sub-population of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study (cognitively normal, N = 36; mild cognitive impairment, N = 8; Alzheimer's disease, N = 6). RESULTS High biomarker concordance between extraction methods was seen (concordance correlation > 0.85). Passing Bablock regression defined low beta coefficients indicating high scalability. CONCLUSIONS Levels of these commonly assessed CSF biomarkers are not influenced by extraction method. Results of this study should be incorporated into new consensus guidelines for CSF collection, storage, and analysis of biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Doecke
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ashford MT, Veitch DP, Neuhaus J, Nosheny RL, Tosun D, Weiner MW. The search for a convenient procedure to detect one of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of the prediction of brain amyloid status. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:866-887. [PMID: 33583100 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Convenient, cost-effective tests for amyloid beta (Aβ) are needed to identify those at higher risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). This systematic review evaluates recent models that predict dichotomous Aβ. (PROSPERO: CRD42020144734). METHODS We searched Embase and identified 73 studies from 29,581 for review. We assessed study quality using established tools, extracted information, and reported results narratively. RESULTS We identified few high-quality studies due to concerns about Aβ determination and analytical issues. The most promising convenient, inexpensive classifiers consist of age, apolipoprotein E genotype, cognitive measures, and/or plasma Aβ. Plasma Aβ may be sufficient if pre-analytical variables are standardized and scalable assays developed. Some models lowered costs associated with clinical trial recruitment or clinical screening. DISCUSSION Conclusions about models are difficult due to study heterogeneity and quality. Promising prediction models used demographic, cognitive/neuropsychological, imaging, and plasma Aβ measures. Further studies using standardized Aβ determination, and improved model validation are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam T Ashford
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Neuhaus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel L Nosheny
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thijssen EH, Rabinovici GD. Rapid Progress Toward Reliable Blood Tests for Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:143-145. [PMID: 33165524 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth H Thijssen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco.,Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco.,Associate Editor, JAMA Neurology
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Meyer S, Schaeverbeke JM, Verberk IMW, Gille B, De Schaepdryver M, Luckett ES, Gabel S, Bruffaerts R, Mauroo K, Thijssen EH, Stoops E, Vanderstichele HM, Teunissen CE, Vandenberghe R, Poesen K. Comparison of ELISA- and SIMOA-based quantification of plasma Aβ ratios for early detection of cerebral amyloidosis. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:162. [PMID: 33278904 PMCID: PMC7719262 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-based amyloid biomarkers may provide a non-invasive, cost-effective and scalable manner for detecting cerebral amyloidosis in early disease stages. METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, we quantified plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratios with both routinely available ELISAs and novel SIMOA Amyblood assays, and provided a head-to-head comparison of their performances to detect cerebral amyloidosis in a nondemented elderly cohort (n = 199). Participants were stratified according to amyloid-PET status, and the performance of plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 to detect cerebral amyloidosis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. We additionally investigated the correlations of plasma Aβ ratios with amyloid-PET and CSF Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, as well as platform agreement using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analysis for both Aβ isoforms. RESULTS ELISA and SIMOA plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 detected cerebral amyloidosis with identical accuracy (ELISA: area under curve (AUC) 0.78, 95% CI 0.72-0.84; SIMOA: AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.85), and both increased the performance of a basic demographic model including only age and APOE-ε4 genotype (p ≤ 0.02). ELISA and SIMOA had positive predictive values of respectively 41% and 36% in cognitively normal elderly and negative predictive values all exceeding 88%. Plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 correlated similarly with amyloid-PET for both platforms (Spearman ρ = - 0.32, p < 0.0001), yet correlations with CSF Aβ1-42/t-tau were stronger for ELISA (ρ = 0.41, p = 0.002) than for SIMOA (ρ = 0.29, p = 0.03). Plasma Aβ levels demonstrated poor agreement between ELISA and SIMOA with concentrations of both Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 measured by SIMOA consistently underestimating those measured by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS ELISA and SIMOA demonstrated equivalent performances in detecting cerebral amyloidosis through plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, both with high negative predictive values, making them equally suitable non-invasive prescreening tools for clinical trials by reducing the number of necessary PET scans for clinical trial recruitment. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2009-014475-45 (registered on 23 Sept 2009) and EudraCT 2013-004671-12 (registered on 20 May 2014, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2013-004671-12/BE ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, box 7003, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien M Schaeverbeke
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Gille
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, box 7003, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxim De Schaepdryver
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, box 7003, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma S Luckett
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rose Bruffaerts
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Elisabeth H Thijssen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Poesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, box 7003, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Van Thanh Nguyen N, Taverna M, Smadja C, Mai TD. Recent Electrokinetic and Microfluidic Strategies for Detection of Amyloid Beta Peptide Biomarkers: Towards Molecular Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. CHEM REC 2020; 21:149-161. [PMID: 33112020 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Among all neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent worldwide, with a huge burden to the society and no efficient AD treatment so far. Continued efforts have been being made towards early and powerful diagnosis of AD, in the hope for a successful set of clinical trials and subsequently AD curative treatment. Towards this aim, detection and quantification of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other biofluids, which are established and validated biomarkers for AD, have drawn attention of the scientific community and industry over almost two decades. In this work, an overview on our major contributions over 15 years to develop different electrokinetic and microfluidic strategies for Aβ peptides detection and quantification is reported. Accordingly, discussions and viewpoints on instrumental and methodological developments for microscale electrophoresis, microfluidic designs and immuno-enrichment / assays on magnetic beads in microchannels for tracing Aβ peptides in CSF are given in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Van Thanh Nguyen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Myriam Taverna
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Institut Universitaire de France
| | - Claire Smadja
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Thanh Duc Mai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu H, Ye M, Guo H. An Updated Review of Randomized Clinical Trials Testing the Improvement of Cognitive Function of Ginkgo biloba Extract in Healthy People and Alzheimer's Patients. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1688. [PMID: 32153388 PMCID: PMC7047126 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, mainly manifested by cognitive dysfunction. It seriously reduces the quality of life, and there is no ideal treatment strategy in clinical practice. Clinical studies on the treatment of AD with Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract (EGb) have been reported since 1980s, and many clinical studies have been carried out during the following 30 years. However, the benefits of EGb on the treatment of AD are still controversial. In this review, we collected the clinical trial reports of EGb on cognitive function from Pubmed, Elsevier, Europe PMC, and other database since the 1980s. Through analysis and comparison, we consider that EGb may be able to improve the cognitive function in patients who suffered from mild dementia during long-term administration (more than 24 weeks) and appropriate dosage (240 mg per day). The main evidences and existing problems of the negative and positive experimental results were summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhu Guo
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sabbagh MN, Blennow K. Peripheral Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Update and Progress. Neurol Ther 2019; 8:33-36. [PMID: 31833022 PMCID: PMC6908528 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-019-00171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan N Sabbagh
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|