Application of protection motivation theory to diabetic foot care Behaviours in Egypt

Association between Perceived Protection Motivation, Preventive Behaviors, and Biomarkers among Diabetic Patients in Rural Areas of Thailand

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly worldwide. Without proper management, DM can have serious complications. We aimed to investigate the association between protection motivation theory (PMT) constructs, self-care behaviors, and biomarkers among diabetic patients in a community in northern Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Simple random sampling was used to select 422 subjects from patients enrolled in primary care in Chiang Rai Province. Data were collected using questionnaires and blood sampling to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. The diabetic subjects' age was 62.25 years (standard deviation [SD] = 8.90), and the duration of diabetes was 9.07 years (SD = 7.23). Positive correlations were found between the DM knowledge score and the PMT score (r = 0.812, p < 0.01) and between the PMT score and the preventive behavior score (r = 0.817, p < 0.01). The preventive behavior score was negatively correlated with FBS (r = -0.319, p < 0.01) and HbA1c (r = -0.625, p < 0.01) and significantly associated with income (B = 0.15) and the PMT score (B = 0.71), accounting for 67.0% of the variance. Age (B = -0.73), sleep problems (B = 10.71), and the preventive behavior score (B = -1.15) were statistically significantly associated with FBS (R2 = 14.3%). Four variables, the female gender (B = -0.26), being married (B = -0.24), sleep problems (B = 0.42), and the preventive behavior score (B = -0.09), were statistically significantly associated with HbA1c levels (R2 = 41.6%). Health education programs should primarily target awareness of disease severity, complications, and self-efficacy enhancement to generate intention and behavior change. This may delay or reduce the occurrence of diabetes-related complications in people with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes Distress and Self-Care Activities Among Patients With Diabetes Type II: A Correlation Study

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a main, highly prevalent, and challenging public health issue. Suboptimal self-care for type II diabetes can lead to poor glycemic control, complications, and even death.

Objective

This study investigated the incidence of distress and its link with self-care habits of patients with diabetes type II.

Methods

A correlational, cross-sectional design with a convenient sample of 200 patients was used to conduct this study. Three questionnaires were administered: (A) the demographic and medical data questionnaire; (B) diabetes self-care activities in brief; and (C) the diabetes distress scale in Arabic language.

Results

The patients' mean age was 51.78 ± 11.34; 80% of patients practiced lower levels of diabetes self-care, and 37% of them had a high level of diabetes distress. Self-care is associated with diabetes distress (R = -0.152, p-value = .032).

Conclusion

Self-care activities can help in the early detection and management of diabetes distress. Sustained self-care education is promising to minimize diabetes distress. The potential advantages of association between diabetes distress and self-care can offer self-care programs that enhance diabetes distress management.

Development and Reliability Testing of the Stroke Patient Protection Motivation Scale

OBJECTIVE

A scale for evaluating the protective motivation of patients who had suffered a stroke was developed to preliminarily verify the reliability of the scale and provide scientific measurement tools for clinical professionals.

METHODS

A descriptive research design method was adopted. First, an initial draft of the questionnaire was formed by conducting a literature review supplemented by semi-structured interviews and modified using the Delphi method. A total of 287 patients who had suffered a stroke were selected for the formal survey using the convenience sampling method. Further item screening was performed using an item analysis and an exploratory factor analysis, and reliability testing was also performed.

RESULTS

The scale consisted of 34 entries in the following 6 dimensions: severity, susceptibility, internal and external rewards, response efficacy, response cost and self-efficacy. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.935, with correlation coefficients between dimensions and total scale scores ranging from 0.604 to 0.805 (P < 0.05) and correlation coefficients between dimensions ranging from 0.154 to 0.537 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The protective motivation scale prepared in this study was tested and had good reliability, so this scale can be used as a scientific tool to evaluate the implementation of secondary prevention strategies for protective motivation of patients who have suffered a stroke.