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Bharti U, Gaur P, Kaur K, Singh M. Tracking genetically modified (GM) rice ingredients in samples of packed rice and food products from the marketplace in India: a pilot study for regulatory compliance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2024; 22:263-269. [PMID: 38887773 PMCID: PMC11180042 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-024-00892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Purpose More than 20 genetically modified (GM) food crops including rice have been approved in many countries. GM rice and derived products have not yet been approved in India so they are considered as unauthorized genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the country. Therefore it is important to track whether the rice containing food items, available in the marketplace are GMO-free. Methods A pilot study was conducted to check the GM status of 30 samples of packed rice grains and processed food products with rice as an ingredient, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35 S promoter (P-35 S), nopaline synthase terminator (T-nos), phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (pat) and cry1Ac gene, which could cover screening for all the globally approved GM rice events. Results Based on the results, none of the samples tested were found positive for P-35 S, T-nos, pat and cry1Ac. Conclusion The unauthorized presence of GM rice ingredients was not detected in the samples tested. Such studies may further be conducted for the testing of GM ingredients derived from cereals other than rice in the food products imported from the country where GM events of respective cereal crop are approved, as a part of regulatory requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Bharti
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211 007 India
| | - Priyanshi Gaur
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211 007 India
| | - Kushaldeep Kaur
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Monika Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
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Mohajer A, Safaei P, Sleman Ali H, Sarwar Karim H, Sadighara P, Molaee-Aghaee E, Ghanati K. The association between toxic metals (As, Pb and Cd) exposure and rice cooking methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:839-850. [PMID: 36794359 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2175798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal exposure through rice consumption (Oryza sativa L.) is a human health concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between toxic metals exposure and rice cooking methods. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen studies were selected as eligible for the meta-analysis. Our results showed a significant decrease in the content of arsenic, lead, and cadmium following the cooking rice (WMD= -0.04 mg/kg, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.03, P = 0.000), (WMD = -0.01 mg/kg, 95% CI: -0.01, -0.01, P = 0.000), and (WMD = -0.01 mg/kg, 95% CI: -0.01, -0.00, P = 0.000), respectively. Furthermore, based on the subgroup analysis the overall rank order of cooking methods in the rice was rinsed > parboiling > Kateh > high-pressure, microwave, and steaming. The findings of this meta-analysis indicate the beneficial effects of cooking on reducing arsenic, lead, and cadmium exposure via rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Mohajer
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Safaei
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hemn Sleman Ali
- Community Health Department, Koya Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hiran Sarwar Karim
- Food Science and Quality Control Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Molaee-Aghaee
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiandokht Ghanati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI) and Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mutlu H, Ay M, Doğan M. Food engineers' attitudes and purchasing intentions towards genetically modified organism products. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221144126. [PMID: 36482688 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221144126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Biotechnological developments have resulted in the modification of the genetic structures of many organisms. However, the possibility of risks in terms of human health has caused consumers to approach products containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with suspicion. Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the attitudes of food engineers towards GMO products and their effects on purchase intentions. Methods: For this purpose, an attitude scale towards GMO products was adapted, and a multivariate regression analysis was performed by applying the adapted questionnaire. Results: It has been determined that the negative attitudes of food engineers towards GMO products and their purchasing intentions have an effect. Attitudes toward the use of gene technology in production were determined with 17% as the most effective dimension of purchase intention, and it was found to have a significant effect (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, it was determined that food engineers were concerned about the potential risk of GMO foods. In order to overcome these concerns, it is thought that eliminating the lack of knowledge of this professional group on gene technology should be planned as a strategic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murat Ay
- 52955Doğuş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Doğan
- 270726Istanbul Gelişim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Antifungal activity and detoxification by Candida albicans against Aspergillus parasiticus and aflatoxin production. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-022-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for the Detection and Analysis of Genetically Modified Organisms: An Analysis Based on Bibliometrics. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the first successful transgenic plants obtained in 1983, dozens of plants have been tested. On the one hand, genetically modified plants solve the problems of agricultural production. However, due to exogenous genes of transgenic plants, such as its seeds or pollen drift, diffusion between populations will likely lead to superweeds or affect the original traits. The detection technology of transgenic plants and their products have received considerable attention. Electrochemical sensing technology is a fast, low-cost, and portable analysis technology. This review interprets the application of electrochemical technology in the analysis and detection of transgenic products through bibliometrics. A total of 83 research articles were analyzed, spanning 2001 to 2021. We described the different stages in the development history of the subject and the contributions of countries and institutions to the topic. Although there were more annual publications in some years, there was no explosive growth in any period. The lack of breakthroughs in this technology is a significant factor in the lack of experts from other fields cross-examining the subject. Through keyword co-occurrence analysis, different research directions on this topic were discussed. The use of nanomaterials with excellent electrical conductivity allows for more sensitive detection of GM crops by electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, co-citation analysis was used to interpret the most popular reports on the topic. In the end, we predict the future development of this topic according to the analysis results.
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Zhang H, Li R, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Yang L. LIFE-Seq: a universal Large Integrated DNA Fragment Enrichment Sequencing strategy for deciphering the transgene integration of genetically modified organisms. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:964-976. [PMID: 34990051 PMCID: PMC9055813 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) yields basic information on exogenous DNA integration, including integration sites, entire inserted sequences and structures, flanking sequences and copy number, providing key data for biosafety assessment. However, there are few effective methods for deciphering transgene integration, especially for large DNA fragment integration with complex rearrangement, inversion and tandem repeats. Herein, we developed a universal Large Integrated DNA Fragments Enrichment strategy combined with PacBio Sequencing (LIFE-Seq) for deciphering transgene integration in GMOs. Universal tilling DNA probes targeting transgenic elements and exogenous genes facilitate specific enrichment of large inserted DNA fragments associated with transgenes from plant genomes, followed by PacBio sequencing. LIFE-Seq were evaluated using six GM events and four crop species. Target DNA fragments averaging ~6275 bp were enriched and sequenced, generating ~26 352 high fidelity reads for each sample. Transgene integration structures were determined with high repeatability and sensitivity. Compared with next-generation whole-genome sequencing, LIFE-Seq achieved better data integrity and accuracy, greater universality and lower cost, especially for transgenic crops with complex inserted DNA structures. LIFE-Seq could be applied in molecular characterization of transgenic crops and animals, and complex DNA structure analysis in genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified OrganismsJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified OrganismsJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yongkun Guo
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified OrganismsJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified OrganismsJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dabing Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified OrganismsJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Litao Yang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified OrganismsJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Shin MK, Jeon SM, Koo YE. Development of a rapid detection method for genetically modified rice using the ultra-fast PCR system. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:175-182. [PMID: 35095287 PMCID: PMC8783574 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) rice varieties containing traits such as tolerance to abiotic stress and resistance against pests and diseases continue to be developed. However, contamination incidents from unauthorized GM rice varieties have been encountered. To date, no GM rice crop has been authorized for consumption and/or commercialization in Korea. Therefore, to enhance safety management of unauthorized genetically modified organisms (GMOs), accurate and reliable detection methods are needed to identify GMOs in crops or products. In this study, we developed rapid detection methods for GM rice events (Bt63, KMD1, Kefeng6, Kefeng8, and LLRice62) using ultra-fast PCR system. Ultra-fast PCR is a state-of-the-art technology and decreases PCR run-times dramatically. However, the ultra-fast PCR is not widely used in GMO analysis. Thus, we designed a detection method for five events of GM rice and confirmed them by performing specificity, sensitivity, and applicability assays. All results demonstrate that the ultra-fast PCR system is a specific, sensitive, and reliable method to identify and monitor GM rice events. Additionally, it can be utilized as a rapid and simple method for GMO analysis in crops or processed products. This study can be used as a reference for future research on new analysis methods of unauthorized GMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ki Shin
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, 28159 Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biological and Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Jeon
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Koo
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, 28159 Republic of Korea
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Mostafa AA, Abu-Hassiba AEHG, ElRouby MT, Abou-Hashim F, Omar HS. Food adulteration with genetically modified soybeans and maize, meat of animal species and ractopamine residues in different food products. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Artavia G, Cortés-Herrera C, Granados-Chinchilla F. Selected Instrumental Techniques Applied in Food and Feed: Quality, Safety and Adulteration Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:1081. [PMID: 34068197 PMCID: PMC8152966 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an overall glance at selected instrumental analytical techniques and methods used in food analysis, focusing on their primary food science research applications. The methods described represent approaches that have already been developed or are currently being implemented in our laboratories. Some techniques are widespread and well known and hence we will focus only in very specific examples, whilst the relatively less common techniques applied in food science are covered in a wider fashion. We made a particular emphasis on the works published on this topic in the last five years. When appropriate, we referred the reader to specialized reports highlighting each technique's principle and focused on said technologies' applications in the food analysis field. Each example forwarded will consider the advantages and limitations of the application. Certain study cases will typify that several of the techniques mentioned are used simultaneously to resolve an issue, support novel data, or gather further information from the food sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Artavia
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Sede Rodrigo Facio, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
| | - Carolina Cortés-Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Sede Rodrigo Facio, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
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Ashrafi-Dehkordi E, Mazloomi SM, Hemmati F. A comparison of DNA extraction methods and PCR-based detection of GMO in textured soy protein. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-020-01300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cao X, Xia Z, Yan W, He S, Xu X, Wei Z, Ye Y, Zheng H. Colorimetric biosensing of nopaline synthase terminator using Fe 3O 4@Au and hemin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide. Anal Biochem 2020; 602:113798. [PMID: 32505706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a simple and label-free colorimetric biosensor for detection of the nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator in genetically modified (GM) plants. The "signal on" colorimetric biosensor was developed using a nanocomposite consisted of gold nanoparticles doped magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au NP), capture probe DNA (cDNA), and hemin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (H-GN). The nanocomposite was successfully prepared by means of Au-S bonds and the strong π interactions between cDNA and H-GN. The sensing approach is based on the excellent peroxidase-mimicking activity of H-GN and its different electrostatic interactions with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). In presence of the target NOS, the cDNA in the nanocomposite will hybridize with its complementary sequence, and form dsDNA structure. Due to the weak π interactions between dsDNA and H-GN, a portion of H-GN will be released from the surface of Fe3O4@Au NPs and transferred into solution. After magnetic separation was performed, the supernatant was incubated with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. The released H-GN can catalyze the oxidation reaction of TMB and turn the colorless solution blue. This "signal-on" colorimetric biosensor shows a broad linear range of 0.5-100 nM for the target NOS, with a 0.19 nM detection limit. The application of the biosensor for determination of NOS segments in samples of GM and non-GM tomatoes shows that it can discriminate between GM and non-GM plants. The reliability of the method for samples of NOS-spiked GM tomato suggests satisfactory recoveries in the range of 93.6%-94.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Cao
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wuwen Yan
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shudong He
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhaojun Wei
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yongkang Ye
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Haisong Zheng
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, 230032, China
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