Ruiz AMP, Assumpção DD, Domene SMÁ, Francisco PMSB. Smoking and consumption of ultra-processed foods - a combination of risky choices: A cross-sectional study using Vigitel 2018 data.
SAO PAULO MED J 2024;
142:e2023156. [PMID:
39045982 DOI:
10.1590/1516-3180.2023.0156.r1.16022024]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Smoking and unhealthy diet are important risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, contributing to public health crises.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the consumption of natural/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods by Brazilian adults (18-59 years old) according to smoking status.
DESIGN AND SETTING
Cross-sectional study of a representative population sample from 26 state capitals and the Federal District (Brazil-2018).
METHODS
Data were obtained from Vigitel-Surveillance System for Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey. Participants were categorized as smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers. Multinomial logistic regression was used for analyses.
RESULTS
Of the 30,800 adults evaluated, 9.4% (95%CI: 8.7-10.2) were smokers and 16.5% (95%CI: 15.8-17.3) were ex-smokers. Smokers were less likely to consume fruit and natural juice, and more likely to consume soda or artificial juice (≥ 5 days/week) than ex-smokers and never smokers. Regarding the daily frequency of consumption, smokers were observed to be less likely to eat fruit more than 1 time/day and more likely to drink ≥ 3 cups/cans of soda/day. Compared to never smokers, smokers had a 42% higher chance of consuming ≥ 3 glasses of natural juice/day. On the day before the interview, fruit, milk, tubers, squash, and okra consumption were lower among smokers than non-smokers. Smokers were more likely to report consuming soft drinks, fruit juice, sauces, ready-made dishes, margarine, and sausages.
CONCLUSION
Smokers had lower fruit consumption, and higher consumption of natural juices and ultra-processed foods. We highlight the need for strategies that encourage healthy eating and smoking cessation.
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