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Saleh F, Kheirandish F, Abbasi M, Ahmadpour F, Veiskarami S, Mirderikvand A. Comparison of biosynthetic zinc oxide nanoparticle and glucantime cytotoxic effects on Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300490. [PMID: 38227394 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Currently, zinc oxide (ZnO) particles are used in nanotechnology to destroy a wide range of microorganisms. Although pentavalent antimony compounds are used as antileishmanial drugs, they are associated with several limitations and side effects. Therefore, it is always desirable to try to find new and effective treatments. The aim of this research is to determine the antileishmanial effect of ZnO particles in comparison to the Antimoan Meglumine compound on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). After the extraction and purification of macrophages from the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 mice, L. major parasites were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 culture medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) 10% and antibiotic. In this experimental study, the effect of different concentrations of nanoparticles was investigated using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric method, in comparison to the glucantime on promastigotes, amastigotes and healthy macrophages in the culture medium. The amount of light absorption of the obtained color from the regeneration of tetrazolium salt to the product color of formazan by the parasite was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader, and the IC50 value was calculated. IC50 after 24 h of incubation was calculated as IC50 = 358.6 µg/mL. The results showed, that the efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles was favorable and dose-dependent. The concentration of 500 µg/mL of ZnO nanoparticles induced 84.67% apoptosis after 72. Also, the toxicity of nanoparticles was less than the drug. Nanoparticles exert their cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis. They can be suitable candidates in the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saleh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadpour
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saeed Veiskarami
- Department of Animal Science, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Atefe Mirderikvand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Xu MN, Li L, Pan W, Zheng HX, Wang ML, Peng XM, Dai SQ, Tang YM, Zeng K, Huang XW. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prime a Protective Immune Response in Galleria mellonella to Defend Against Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:766138. [PMID: 34956129 PMCID: PMC8702860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.766138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have exerted antimicrobial properties. However, there is insufficient evaluation regarding the in vivo antifungal activity of ZnO-NPs. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of ZnO-NPs in controlling Candida albicans in the invertebrate Galleria mellonella. Methods: Galleria mellonella larvae were injected with different doses of ZnO-NPs to determine their in vivo toxicity. Non-toxic doses of ZnO-NPs were chosen for prophylactic injection in G. mellonella followed by C. albicans infection. Then the direct in vitro antifungal effect of ZnO-NPs against C. albicans was evaluated. In addition, the mode of action of ZnO-NPs was assessed in larvae through different assays: quantification of hemocyte density, morphology observation of hemocytes, characterization of hemocyte aggregation and phagocytosis, and measurement of hemolymph phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were non-toxic to the larvae at relatively low concentrations (≤20 mg/kg). ZnO-NP pretreatment significantly prolonged the survival of C. albicans-infected larvae and decreased the fungal dissemination and burden in the C. albicans-infected larvae. This observation was more related to the activation of host defense rather than their fungicidal capacities. Specifically, ZnO-NP treatment increased hemocyte density, promoted hemocyte aggregation, enhanced hemocyte phagocytosis, and activated PO activity in larvae. Conclusion: Prophylactic treatment with lower concentrations of ZnO-NPs protects G. mellonella from C. albicans infection. The innate immune response primed by ZnO-NPs may be part of the reason for the protective effects. This study provides new evidence of the capacity of ZnO-NPs in enhancing host immunity and predicts that ZnO-NPs will be attractive for further anti-infection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Nian Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Huan-Xin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Lei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Qi Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Mei Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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