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Percival KM, Paul V, Husseini GA. Recent Advancements in Bone Tissue Engineering: Integrating Smart Scaffold Technologies and Bio-Responsive Systems for Enhanced Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6012. [PMID: 38892199 PMCID: PMC11172494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In exploring the challenges of bone repair and regeneration, this review evaluates the potential of bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a viable alternative to traditional methods, such as autografts and allografts. Key developments in biomaterials and scaffold fabrication techniques, such as additive manufacturing and cell and bioactive molecule-laden scaffolds, are discussed, along with the integration of bio-responsive scaffolds, which can respond to physical and chemical stimuli. These advancements collectively aim to mimic the natural microenvironment of bone, thereby enhancing osteogenesis and facilitating the formation of new tissue. Through a comprehensive combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we scrutinize the biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, and osteoconductivity of these engineered scaffolds, as well as their interactions with critical cellular players in bone healing processes. Findings from scaffold fabrication techniques and bio-responsive scaffolds indicate that incorporating nanostructured materials and bioactive compounds is particularly effective in promoting the recruitment and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. The therapeutic potential of these advanced biomaterials in clinical settings is widely recognized and the paper advocates continued research into multi-responsive scaffold systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Percival
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Vinod Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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Uklejewski R, Winiecki M. Advances in Biomimetic Scaffolds for Hard Tissue Surgery. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:279. [PMID: 38786489 PMCID: PMC11117657 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hard tissues are living mineralized tissues that possess a high degree of hardness and are found in organs such as bones and teeth (enamel, dentin, and cementum) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Uklejewski
- Department of Constructional Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz Street 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Winiecki
- Department of Constructional Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz Street 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Mirjalili F, Mahmoodi M, Khazali S. Characterization and in vitro bioactivity evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol incorporated electro spun chitosan/ fluor apatite nanofibrous scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106322. [PMID: 38142568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/fluor apatite scaffolds with different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol of 0.075 g ml-1 and 0.1 g ml-1, respectively named A and B fabricated by electrospinning method to use in tissue engineering. By examining the scaffolds by FE-SEM, an appetite layer formation which was on the scaffold surface was clearly observable. Increasing the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol from 0.075 g ml-1 to 0.1 g ml-1 in the nanofibrous scaffolds improved degradation characteristic with an optimized value of 26 ± 2 and 42 ± 1 % after 28 days, respectively. The mean diameter of fibers both scaffolds was 405 nm and 212 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage of porosity in both scaffolds was calculated as 84% and 91%, separately. The level of hydrophilicity of the scaffolds was measured by the dynamic contact angle method. Moreover, the increase in the percentage of polyvinyl alcohol led to the decrease in the average contact angle in scaffold A and scaffold B from 90° to 70°, respectively. The results of bone marrow culture test with MG-63 (NCBI C555) cell on the surface of scaffolds demonstrated not cytotoxicity in the resulting scaffolds as well as a suitable substrate for the adhesion and growth of the cells. According to our findings, the electrospun fluorapatite-incorporated-chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol scaffold could provide a new nanocomposite for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirjalili
- Department of Material Engineering, Maybod Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran.
| | - Mahboobeh Mahmoodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran; Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Khazali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
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Gholap AD, Rojekar S, Kapare HS, Vishwakarma N, Raikwar S, Garkal A, Mehta TA, Jadhav H, Prajapati MK, Annapure U. Chitosan scaffolds: Expanding horizons in biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121394. [PMID: 37940287 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide from chitin, shows promise as a biomaterial for various biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and ease of modification. This review overviews "chitosan scaffolds" use in diverse biomedical applications. It emphasizes chitosan's structural and biological properties and explores fabrication methods like gelation, electrospinning, and 3D printing, which influence scaffold architecture and mechanical properties. The review focuses on chitosan scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highlighting their role in bone, cartilage, skin, nerve, and vascular tissue regeneration, supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Investigations into incorporating bioactive compounds, growth factors, and nanoparticles for improved therapeutic effects are discussed. The review also examines chitosan scaffolds in drug delivery systems, leveraging their prolonged release capabilities and ability to encapsulate medicines for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Moreover, it explores chitosan's antibacterial activity and potential for wound healing and infection management in biomedical contexts. Lastly, the review discusses challenges and future objectives, emphasizing the need for improved scaffold design, mechanical qualities, and understanding of interactions with host tissues. In summary, chitosan scaffolds hold significant potential in various biological applications, and this review underscores their promising role in advancing biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Harshad S Kapare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sarjana Raikwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Tejal A Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Harsh Jadhav
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai 400 019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Uday Annapure
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India; Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai 400 019, Maharashtra, India.
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Lv Y, Su L, Zhao Z, Zhao J, Su H, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Chitosan Microspheres Loaded with Curcumin and Gallic Acid: Modified Synthesis, Sustainable Slow Release, and Enhanced Biological Property. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:240. [PMID: 37296240 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the utilization rate of loaded-drugs is of huge importance for generating chitosan-based (CS) micro-carriers. This study aims to fabricate a novel CS microspheres co-delivered curcumin (Cur) and gallic acid (Ga) to assess drug loading and release kinetics, the blood compatibility and anti-osteosarcoma properties. The present study observes the interaction between CS and Cur/Ga molecules and estimates the change in crystallinity and loading and release rate. In addition, blood compatibility and cytotoxicity of such microspheres are also evaluated. Cur-Ga-CS microspheres present high entrapment rate of (55.84 ± 0.34) % for Ga and (42.68 ± 0.11) % for Cur, possibly attributed to surface positive charge (21.76 ± 2.46) mV. Strikingly, Cur-Ga-CS microspheres exhibit slowly sustainable release for almost 7 days in physiological buffer. Importantly, these microspheres possess negligibly toxic to blood and normal BMSC cells, but strong anti-osteosarcoma effect on U2OS cells. Overall, Cur-Ga-CS microspheres are promising to become a novel anti-osteosarcoma agent or sustainable delivery carrier in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- The Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Lijia Su
- The Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Traditional, Chinese Medicine (Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Zihang Zhao
- The Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jinying Zhao
- The Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Traditional, Chinese Medicine (Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Huahua Su
- The Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Traditional, Chinese Medicine (Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Zhikai Zhang
- The Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
- The Analysis and Testing Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
- Life Science Building, China Three Gorges University, No. 8 Daxue Road, Yichang, 443002, China.
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