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Rivera-Díaz R, Carrascosa Carrillo JM, Alfonso Zamora S, Navarro Valdivieso JP, Muñoz Cabello B, Ros Abarca S, Soria de Francisco JM, Daudén Tello E. Improvements in the Management of Patients With Generalized Pustular Psoriasis in Spain: Recommendations From a Group of Experts. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024:S0001-7310(24)00416-2. [PMID: 38777227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This consensus document analyzed the management and emotional journey of patients with GPP (generalized pustular psoriasis), and the desirable course of the disease while detecting critical points and translating them into needs and recommendations. This project was conducted in 3 phases with participation from an advisory committee (n=8), an expert panel (n=15) and patients with GPP (n=6). The patients' disease progression was heterogeneous due to disease variations, different health care models implemented and available resources, and the lack of diagnostic and treatment guidelines. A total of 45 different recommendations have been made to optimize management and address the emotional component of these patients. Five of them stand out for their impact and viability. Therefore, a roadmap of priorities has been made generally available to improve the management of patients with GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rivera-Díaz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.
| | - J M Carrascosa Carrillo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | | | - J P Navarro Valdivieso
- Técnico Gerencia Adjunta de Ordenación Asistencia e Innovación Organizativa, Servicio Madrileño de Salud (SERMAS)-Inmunología Ruber Internacional, Madrid, España
| | - B Muñoz Cabello
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - S Ros Abarca
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | | | - E Daudén Tello
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, España
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2
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Li J, Wang S, Li XD, Han Y. Combination of secukinumab and acitretin for generalized pustular psoriasis: A case report and review of literature. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241247702. [PMID: 38661102 PMCID: PMC11047231 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241247702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is characterized by painful and occasionally disfiguring cutaneous manifestations with sepsis-like systemic symptoms, and is a rare severe variant of psoriasis. Currently, there is no standard treatment for GPP. Here, we report a case of a female patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and mild scalp psoriasis, who developed GPP and alopecia following three courses of adalimumab therapy. The patient's condition gradually improved following cessation of adalimumab and treatment with secukinumab and acitretin. After eight weeks of treatment, the patient achieved almost complete clearance of her psoriasis, her alopecia improved, and her AS was relieved. Therefore, we believe that a combination of secukinumab with acitretin may be a rational approach for the treatment of severe GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated To ShenYang Medical College, 5 Nanqi West Road, 110024, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated To ShenYang Medical College, 5 Nanqi West Road, 110024, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated To ShenYang Medical College, 5 Nanqi West Road, 110024, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated To ShenYang Medical College, 5 Nanqi West Road, 110024, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Burden AD, Bissonnette R, Anatchkova M, Budhiarso I, Skalicky AM, Liberato ACS, Hu N, Thoma C, Gloede T, Kohlmann T, Lebwohl MG. Psychometric validation of the Psoriasis Symptom Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue and pain-Visual Analogue Scale in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38334243 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory skin disease associated with considerable patient burden. The Psoriasis Symptom Scale (PSS), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) and pain-Visual Analogue Scale (pain-VAS) are patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that have not yet been validated in patients with GPP. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the psychometric properties of the PSS, FACIT-Fatigue and pain-VAS using data from Effisayil 1, a randomised trial of spesolimab in patients with moderate-to-severe GPP. METHODS Inter-item correlations and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed using Week 1 data. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's α coefficient using baseline and Week 1 data. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); change data for the GPP Physician Global Assessment total score and pustulation subscore were used to define a stable population. Convergent validity was assessed at baseline and Week 1 using Spearman's rank-order correlations. Known-groups validity was measured by analysis of variance using Week 1 data. Ability to detect change from baseline to Week 1 was evaluated by analysis of covariance. RESULTS Inter-item and item-to-total correlations were moderate or strong for most PSS and FACIT-Fatigue items. CFA demonstrated the unidimensionality of the PSS and FACIT-Fatigue, with high factor loadings for most items (PSS range, 0.75-0.94; FACIT-Fatigue range, 0.11-0.93) and acceptable fit statistics. Both scores demonstrated internal consistency (Cronbach's α, 0.71 and 0.95, respectively). The PSS, FACIT-Fatigue and pain-VAS demonstrated test-retest reliability (ICCs ≥0.70) and good evidence of convergent validity. Furthermore, the PROs could differentiate between known groups of varying symptom severity (range, p < 0.0001-0.0225) and detect changes in symptom severity from baseline to Week 1 (range, p < 0.0001-0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results support the reliability, validity and ability to detect change of the PSS, FACIT-Fatigue and pain-VAS as PROs in patients with GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A David Burden
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Na Hu
- Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Tristan Gloede
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Kohlmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Medical University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mark G Lebwohl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Choon SE, De La Cruz C, Wolf P, Jha RK, Fischer KI, Goncalves-Bradley DC, Hepworth T, Marshall SR, Gottlieb AB. Health-related quality of life in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis: A systematic literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:265-280. [PMID: 37750484 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, neutrophilic inflammatory skin disease characterized by episodes of widespread eruption of sterile, macroscopic pustules that can be accompanied by systemic inflammation and symptoms. A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis were conducted to determine the impact of GPP on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient-reported severity of symptoms and to compare its impact to patients with plaque psoriasis (plaque PsO). Searches were undertaken in Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 2002 to 15 September 2022. Screening was carried out by two reviewers independently. Outcome measures included generic (e.g. EQ-5D, SF-36) and dermatology-specific (e.g. DLQI) clinical outcome assessments, and other relevant patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (e.g. severity of pain measured by a numerical rating scale). Overall, 20 studies were found to be eligible for inclusion, of which seven also had data for plaque PsO. The DLQI was the most frequently reported outcome measure (16 out of 20 studies). When reported, mean DLQI (SD) scores varied from 5.7 (1.2) to 15.8 (9.6) across the studies, indicating a moderate to very large effect on HRQoL; the wide range of scores and large SDs were explained by the small population sizes (n ≤ 12 for all studies except two). Similar ranges and large SDs were also observed for other measures within individual studies. However, in general, people with GPP reported a greater impact of their skin condition on HRQoL, when compared to people with plaque PsO (i.e. higher DLQI scores) and higher severity for itch, pain and fatigue. This systematic review highlighted the need for studies with a larger population size, a better understanding of the impact of cutaneous and extracutaneous symptoms and comorbidities on HRQoL during and between GPP flares, and outcome measures specifically tailored to the unique symptoms and the natural course/history of GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Choon
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru, Clinical School Johor Bahru, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - P Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R K Jha
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmBH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - K I Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmBH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | | | - S R Marshall
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - A B Gottlieb
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Wolf P, Ceovic R, Conrad C, Falkensteiner K, Graier T, Kołt-Kamińska M, Marovt M, Mateeva V, Maul JT, Navarini AA, Nicolescu AC, Ratzinger G, Pavlovsky L, Sanzharovskaya M, Szegedi A, Reich A. Characteristics and management of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP): Experience from the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) GPP Expert Network. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38279888 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, inflammatory skin disease characterized by widespread eruption of sterile pustules with or without systemic symptoms. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the demographics of patients with GPP in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), present the clinical characteristics of individual GPP flares and explore the current treatment landscape. METHODS Patient demographics were collected at the times of last observation and previous treatment. Characteristics of a patient's last (most recent) and most severe (from all documented episodes) flare were provided at clinician's discretion. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were recruited from 12 centres in nine CEE countries; median (range) age was 61 (16-92) years and 60.3% (35 out of 58) were female. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (43.1% [25 out of 58]) and hyperlipidaemia (32.8% [19 out of 58]). Thirty-four patients (58.6%) presented with concomitant plaque psoriasis before or during the course of GPP. Data from two separate flares were recorded in 26 individuals; in 32 patients, the most recent flare was reported as the most severe. Over 90% of patients with a flare episode classified as most severe by clinicians were hospitalized, with >75% of these individuals having a Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Physician Global Assessment (GPPGA) total score of 3 or 4. Systemic symptoms were more common in patients with a GPPGA score of 3 or 4 but were also manifest in individuals with a GPPGA score ≤2. A significant correlation was observed between a combined systemic disease score of clinical and laboratory features and both GPPGA total score (r = 0.385, p < 0.001) and GPPGA pustulation subscore (r = 0.305, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Considerable heterogeneity in the presentation of GPP flares was observed, both between patients and within-patient. All GPP flares were associated with a significant clinical burden, highlighting the unmet need for accurate and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Ceovic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - C Conrad
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Falkensteiner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - T Graier
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Kołt-Kamińska
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - M Marovt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - V Mateeva
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - J-T Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A A Navarini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A C Nicolescu
- Emergency Clinical Hospital Agrippa Ionescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G Ratzinger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Pavlovsky
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - A Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - A Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
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6
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Vasudevan B, Das P, Bhatt S. Pustular psoriasis: A distinct aetiopathogenic and clinical entity. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 90:19-29. [PMID: 37317717 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_542_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pustular psoriasis is a distinct subset of psoriasis that presents with involvement of the skin in the form of sterile pustules along with systemic manifestations. Though it has been conventionally grouped under the umbrella of psoriasis, recent research has shed light on its pathogenetic mechanisms associated with the IL-36 pathway, which is distinct from conventional psoriasis. Pustular psoriasis in itself is a heterogeneous entity consisting of various subtypes, including generalised, localised, acute, and chronic forms. There is confusion regarding its current classification as entities like deficiency of IL-36 antagonist (DITRA) which are closely related to pustular psoriasis both in their pathogenetic mechanism and its clinical manifestations, are not included under pustular psoriasis. Entities like palmoplantar pustulosis, which presents with similar clinical features but is pathogenetically distinct from other forms of pustular psoriasis, are included under this condition. Management of pustular psoriasis depends upon its severity; while some of the localised variants can be managed with topical therapy alone, the generalised variants like Von Zumbusch disease and impetigo herpetiformis may need intensive care unit admission and tailor-made treatment protocols. The advent of newer biologics and better insight into the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis has opened the way for newer therapies, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, interleukin-17 inhibitors, and granulocyte monocyte apheresis. It continues to be an enigma whether pustular psoriasis is actually a variant of psoriasis or an entirely different disease entity, though we feel that it is an entirely different disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Vasudevan
- Department of Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Wanowarie, Pune, India
| | - Pankaj Das
- Department of Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Wanowarie, Pune, India
| | - Siddharth Bhatt
- Department of Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Wanowarie, Pune, India
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Coscarella G, Falco GM, Palmisano G, Ippoliti E, De Luca E, Gori N, Di Nardo L, Caldarola G, De Simone C, Chiricozzi A, Peris K. Low grade of satisfaction related to the use of current systemic therapies among pustular psoriasis patients: a therapeutic unmet need to be fulfilled. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1295973. [PMID: 38274451 PMCID: PMC10808801 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1295973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pustular psoriasis is considered a separate entity from plaque psoriasis and can be categorized as generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, or palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). Current guidelines mostly include treatment options that have not been specifically developed for the treatment of pustular psoriasis. The majority of them does not have indication for the treatment of pustular psoriasis. Their effectiveness and safeness have been described in small cohort-based studies or case series with a low level of evidence. Previous studies evaluated treatment response through physician-based assessment but none reported patient satisfaction to treatment, quality of life and patient perception of disease severity during systemic therapies, particularly with biologics commonly used in plaque psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate patient satisfaction to treatment and patients' quality of life during treatment, correlating patient-reported outcomes with residual disease severity. Methods A cross-sectional, cohort-based, single center study included patients affected by pustular psoriasis undergoing treatment with systemic agents. Demographic, clinical characteristics were collected. Treatment satisfaction as well as disease severity were assessed through dedicated assessment scores. Results A total of 31 patients affected by GPP or PPP were included. Despite biologic treatment, 80.6% of patients continued to experience mild-to-severe disease activity, with discrepancies between patient and physician assessments. Patients reported a substantial impairment in their quality of life, with notable limitations in physical activity and emotional distress. Mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety disorders, were common. Treatment satisfaction varied, with moderate scores for effectiveness and convenience. Only a small proportion of patients (41.9%) reported complete or high overall treatment satisfaction. GPP and PPP subcohorts exhibited similar quality of life and treatment satisfaction levels. Discussion This study highlights the suboptimal control of PP despite biologic therapies, resulting in a significant impact on patients' quality of life and treatment satisfaction. The findings highlight the need for specific therapies and standardized guidelines for managing PP. New targeted therapies, such as spesolimab, hold promise for optimizing treatment satisfaction and improving patients' quality of life in this challenging condition. Future research should focus on refining treatment strategies to address the unmet needs of PP patients comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coscarella
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Marco Falco
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Palmisano
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ippoliti
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora De Luca
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Niccolò Gori
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Nardo
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Caldarola
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara De Simone
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiricozzi
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Hawkes JE, Visvanathan S, Krueger JG. The role of the interleukin-36 axis in generalized pustular psoriasis: a review of the mechanism of action of spesolimab. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292941. [PMID: 38077370 PMCID: PMC10703363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent flares associated with skin erythema, desquamation, and widespread superficial sterile pustules, which may be severe ("lakes of pus"). Systemic symptoms are often present, including malaise, fever, and skin pain. In GPP, innate immune responses are driven by abnormal activation of the interleukin (IL)-36-chemokine-neutrophil axis and excessive neutrophil infiltration. This review highlights the IL-36 pathway in the context of the IL-1 superfamily and describes how unopposed IL-36 signaling can lead to the development of GPP. Targeted inhibition of the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) is an attractive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of GPP, including flare prevention and sustained disease control. Spesolimab is a first-in-class, humanized, monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the IL-36R and antagonizes IL-36 signaling. Spesolimab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in September 2022 to treat GPP flares in adults and was subsequently approved for GPP flare treatment in other countries across the world. Anti-IL-36R therapy, such as spesolimab, can mitigate flares and address flare prevention in GPP, presumably through rebalancing IL-36 signaling and modulating the pro-inflammatory response of the downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Hawkes
- Integrative Skin Science and Research and Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sudha Visvanathan
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Rivera-Diaz R, Epelde F, Heras-Hitos JA, Martínez Virto AM, Dávalos Marin AJ, Senán Sanz MR, Carrascosa JM. Generalized pustular psoriasis: practical recommendations for Spanish primary care and emergency physicians. Postgrad Med 2023; 135:766-774. [PMID: 38019177 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2023.2285730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare chronic inflammatory skin disease that can lead to life-threatening complications and require emergency medical treatment. Recurrent GPP flares are characterized by the sudden onset of widespread erythematous skin rash with sterile pustules, at times associated with fever, chills, general malaise, and other systemic inflammatory manifestations. Systemic complications such as cardiorespiratory failure, infections, and sepsis are potentially life-threatening and can result in an emergency department visit and/or hospitalization. Acute GPP episodes can be difficult to recognize and diagnose. The low incidence of the disease, its relapsing nature, the unpredictability of flare onset, and the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria are major obstacles to achieving rapid recognition and diagnosis in both the emergency department and the hospital setting.There is scarce evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of treatments commonly used for GPP; consequently, there is an unmet need for therapies that specifically target the condition. Our aim is to present a multidisciplinary approach to GPP to achieve a rapid diagnosis ensuring that the patient receives the most appropriate treatment for their pathology. The main recommendation for primary care and emergency physicians is to contact a dermatologist immediately for advice or to refer the patient when GPP or a flare is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rivera-Diaz
- Departamento de Dermatología Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Epelde
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí. Sabadell; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Antonio Heras-Hitos
- Servicio de Medicina de Familia, C.L. Villamanrique de Tajo (EAP Villarejo de Salvanés- DASE-Madrid), Coordinador Nacional del Grupo de Trabajo de Dermatología de Semergen, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Martínez Virto
- Servicio de Medicina de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Coordinadora grupo enfermedades raras SEMES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Airam Jenny Dávalos Marin
- Servicio de Medicina de Urgencias, Hospital General de Segovia; Grupo de dermatología SEMG, Segovia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Senán Sanz
- Servicio de Medicina de Familia, Centro de Salud El Clot (Barcelona); Miembro del grupo de trabajo de dermatología y cirugía menor SEMFyC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Carrascosa
- Department of Dermatologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol; Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang HM, Xu JM, Jin HZ. Characteristics and Burdens of Disease in Patients from Beijing with Generalized Pustular Psoriasis and Palmoplantar Pustulosis: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Regional Database. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023; 24:991-1002. [PMID: 37386353 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pustular psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent autoimmune disease, although little is known about the disease burden of pustular psoriasis in China. We analyzed the characteristics and disease burdens of patients from Beijing who had generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) or palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study used a regional electronic health database that covered 30 public hospitals in Beijing. From June 2016 to June 2021, all patients with a diagnosis of GPP, PPP, or psoriasis vulgaris (PV) were identified by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision codes. The GPP and PPP cohorts were separately matched with patients with PV in a 3:1 ratio for comparisons. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, healthcare resource utilization, and costs were collected. Descriptive and comparative analyses were used to compare the cohorts. RESULTS There were 744 patients with GPP (46.8% men; age 42.14 ± 21.47 years) and 4808 patients with PPP (35.5% men; age 51.65 ± 16.12 years); 14.5% of patients with GPP had concomitant PV and 7.5% of patients with PPP had concomitant PV. Relative to matched patients with PV, patients with GPP had a higher prevalence of erythrodermic psoriasis (5.9% vs 0.4%, p < 0.0001), psoriatic arthritis (3.1% vs 1.5%, p = 0.007), and organ failure (1.1% vs 0.2%, p = 0.002). Relative to matched patients with PV, patients with PPP had a higher prevalence of cerebrovascular disease (4.7% vs 1.2%, p < 0.0001), thyroid dysfunction (3.9% vs 3.3%, p = 0.035), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (6.8% vs 5.9%, p = 0.030). More patients with GPP than patients with PV received systemic non-biological agents (27.9% vs 3.3%, p < 0.0001) and biologic agents (4.8% vs 2.0%, p = 0.010). More patients with PPP than patients with PV received topical agents (50.9% vs 34.7%, p < 0.0001) and systemic non-biological agents (17.8% vs 2.7%, p < 0.0001). More patients with GPP than patients with PV required inpatient hospitalization (22.0% vs 7.8%, p < 0.0001). Hospitalization stay was longer in patients with GPP than patients with PV (11.72 ± 0.45 vs 10.38 ± 0.45 days, p = 0.022). More patients with PPP than patients with PV had emergency visits (16.3% vs 12.8%, p < 0.0001). The GPP and PPP cohorts and their matched PV cohorts had no significant differences in costs. However, patients with PPP had lower outpatient costs than patients with PV (368.20 ± 8.19 vs 445.38 ± 5.90 Chinese Yuan per patient per month, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Patients from Beijing with GPP and PPP had higher disease burdens than matched PV cohorts, including the prevalence of comorbidities, healthcare resource utilization, and medication burden. However, the economic burden of pustular psoriasis was similar to that of PV. Practical and specific therapies are needed to reduce the burdens of pustular psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Meng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jia-Ming Xu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hong-Zhong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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11
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Song EJ, Liu C. Exploring the Clinical Assessment, Guidelines, and Options for the Treatment of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis [Podcast]. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2911-2917. [PMID: 37915421 PMCID: PMC10616673 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s442437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute episodes of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), known as "flares", are characterized by the widespread appearance of pustules with surrounding skin erythema, and are often accompanied by systemic symptoms. The clinical course of GPP is unpredictable, and symptoms vary in extent and severity; the disease may be relapsing-remitting with recurrent episodes of pustulosis, or be more persistent. The triggers that may lead to flares include withdrawal of corticosteroids, stress, pregnancy, and infections. GPP-specific assessment tools, such as the Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Physician Global Assessment (GPPGA) and the General Pustular Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (GPPASI), were developed to evaluate the severity of disease, and to monitor the patient's response to therapy during clinical trials. Spesolimab is the first GPP-specific treatment available in the United States for the treatment of GPP flares in adults, and was approved by the US FDA in September 2022. To date, spesolimab has been approved by regulatory agencies in almost 40 countries, including Japan, Mainland China, and the European Union. Spesolimab is a first-in-class humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-36 receptor, and blocks the downstream effects of the interleukin-36 pathway, which is associated with GPP pathogenesis. Data from clinical trials demonstrate the safety and efficacy of spesolimab in providing rapid clinical improvement for patients with GPP flares. Standardized international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of GPP are needed, and no recent GPP guidelines are available in the US. This podcast discusses clinical assessment tools for GPP (GPPGA and GPPASI), the evolution of GPP management guidelines, the therapeutic landscape of GPP, efficacy and safety data for spesolimab, and examines important considerations for patients living with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clive Liu
- Bellevue Dermatology Clinic, Bellevue, Washington, USA
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12
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Takeichi T, Yoshikawa T, Iqbal MN, Farooq M, Taki T, Muro Y, Shimomura Y, Seishima M, Akiyama M. Mild generalised pustular psoriasis patient with a heterozygous hypomorphic MPO variant successfully treated with granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1557-1562. [PMID: 37261383 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in MPO, which encodes the myeloperoxidase, were reported as causative genetic defects in several cases of generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) in addition to patients with myeloperoxidase deficiency in 2020. However, which clinical subtypes of GPP patients have pathogenic variants in MPO remains largely undetermined, and elucidating this is clinically important. The present report outlines a mild case of GPP with a rare missense heterozygous variant, c.1810C>T p.(Arg604Cys), in MPO. Our structural analysis and functional assays to measure myeloperoxidase activity suggest that the present MPO substitution is a hypomorphic variant in MPO. Thus, the mild phenotype of the present GPP patient might be associated with an incomplete hypomorphic loss-of-function variant in MPO. Additionally, the severe intractable edematous pustules and erythema improved dramatically after five rounds of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GMA) therapy. This is the first report of GMA treatment for GPP associated with a pathogenic variant in MPO, as far as we know. Our findings suggest that GMA might be a useful and powerful tool for controlling GPP in patients with myeloperoxidase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takenori Yoshikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Muhammad Nasir Iqbal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tomoki Taki
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Mariko Seishima
- Department of Dermatology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Teoh XY, Suganthy R, Voo SYM, Tang MM. Pustular psoriasis in Malaysia: A review of the Malaysian Psoriasis Registry 2007-2018. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1253-1262. [PMID: 36794833 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Pustular psoriasis (PP) is an uncommon subtype of psoriasis with distinct genetic features and clinical phenotypes. Patients with PP tend to experience frequent flares and significant morbidity. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and treatment of PP patients in Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study of patients with PP notified to the Malaysian Psoriasis Registry (MPR) between January 2007 and December 2018. Of 21 735 psoriasis patients, 148 (0.7%) had pustular psoriasis. Of these, 93 (62.8%) were diagnosed with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) and 55 (37.2%) with localized PP (LPP). The mean age for pustular psoriasis onset was 31.71 ± 18.33 years with a male to female ratio of 1:2.1. Patients with PP were more likely to have dyslipidaemia (23.6% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.022), severe disease (Body surface area >10 and/or Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI] >10) (64.8% vs. 50%, p = 0.003) and require systemic therapy (51.4% vs. 13.9%, p < 0.001) compared to non-PP patients. Patients with PP also suffered greater impairment to their quality of life (DLQI >10, 48.9% vs. 40.3%, p = 0.046), had more days off school/work (2.06 ± 6.09 vs. 0.5 ± 4.91, p = 0.004) and a higher mean number of hospitalizations (0.31 ± 0.95 vs. 0.05 ± 1.22, p = 0.001) in 6 months compared to non-PP patients. Overall, 0.7% of psoriasis patients in the MPR had pustular psoriasis. Patients with PP had a higher rate of dyslipidaemia, severe disease, greater impairment of quality of life and systemic therapy usage compared to other psoriasis subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yun Teoh
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Robinson Suganthy
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Michelle Voo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Min Moon Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Kodali N, Blanchard I, Kunamneni S, Lebwohl MG. Current management of generalized pustular psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1204-1218. [PMID: 36779681 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare subset of psoriasis involving episodes of sterile pustules accompanied by inflammation and, often, systemic involvement. The inflammatory nature of GPP has potential for severe multisystem complications including high-output cardiac failure, infections, digestive system issues, and disfiguring or lethal acute flare episodes. The disease tends to have higher prevalence in females and Asians. The IL-1/IL-36 inflammatory pathway is a critical facet of GPP's pathology. Genetic mutations that are associated with GPP include modifications of Interleukin 36 Receptor Antagonist (IL36RN), Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 14 (CARD14), Adaptor Related Protein Complex 1 Subunit Sigma 3 (AP1S3), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor Clade A Member 3 (SERPINA3) genes. Treatment guidelines for GPP are not well-entrenched. Currently, only one GPP-specific treatment, the interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) spesolimab, has been approved for use in the United States. Additional anti-IL-36 pathway therapies are currently being developed. Other treatment options include other biologic therapies such as IL-17 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors and TNFα inhibitors. Non-biologic therapeutic options include retinoids, cyclosporine and methotrexate. Treatment options differ throughout the world; most countries utilize retinoids, cyclosporine and methotrexate as first-line non-biologic options. China and United Kingdom have no GPP-specific biologic therapies approved for use, while several biologic therapies are approved for use in Japan. This review aims to serve as an update on the current global management of GPP while also including relevant aspects of disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, histopathology, aetiology and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kodali
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Isabella Blanchard
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sruthi Kunamneni
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark G Lebwohl
- Dermatology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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15
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Choon SE, Elewski BE, Fujita H, Geng S, van de Kerkhof P, Mburu S, Puig L, Romiti R, Venturini M. Diversity in the clinical presentation of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP): A series of case vignettes from around the world. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1284-1295. [PMID: 36999936 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
A key principle of clinical studies and case reports is that they should reflect the demographics and epidemiology of the patient population concerned. Here, we have compiled a diverse group of clinical cases of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) to showcase the differences in GPP presentation in patients worldwide. We attempt to capture the broad spectrum of clinical presentations of GPP and showcase the diversity of the patient population. The patients included in this series are diverse in age, genetic background, skin phototype and medical history. Moreover, they present with a variety of clinical courses of GPP and different degrees of systemic involvement, and experience flares triggered by different inciting factors. The key learnings from this case series may support physicians in identifying and managing patients with this rare and multifaceted disease that can affect patients both physically and psychologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Eng Choon
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, and Clinical School Johor Bahru, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Boni E Elewski
- University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Songmei Geng
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Sicily Mburu
- IFPA (International Federation of Psoriasis Associations), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lluís Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Romiti
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Venturini
- Department of Dermatology ASST-Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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16
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Yang SF, Lin MH, Chou PC, Hu SK, Shih SY, Yu HS, Yu S. Genetics of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: Current Understanding and Implications for Future Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1297. [PMID: 37372477 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the appearance of clearly demarcated erythematous and scaly plaques. It can be divided into various types, including plaque, nail, guttate, inverse, and pustular psoriasis. Plaque psoriasis is the most commonly occurring type, though there is another rare but severe pustular autoinflammatory skin disease called generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), which manifests with acute episodes of pustulation and systemic symptoms. Though the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis is not yet fully understood, a growing body of literature has demonstrated that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. The discovery of genetic mutations associated with GPP has shed light on our comprehension of the mechanisms of the disease, promoting the development of targeted therapies. This review will summarize genetic determinants as known and provide an update on the current and potential treatments for GPP. The pathogenesis and clinical presentation of the disease are also included for a comprehensive discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Fei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huei Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Chou
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Hu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yi Shih
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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17
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Manchanda Y, De A, Das S, Chakraborty D. Disease Assessment in Psoriasis. Indian J Dermatol 2023; 68:278-281. [PMID: 37529444 PMCID: PMC10389140 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_420_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers are making all out efforts worldwide, to find a serological marker to monitor the disease severity and/or measure efficacy of the drug. There are many potential molecular targets being investigated as a candidate marker. However, till date there has been no significant breakthrough. Thus, various scoring systems have been devised to evaluate the disease severity in psoriasis. In spite of constant revisions of the scores being currently used, from time to time. None of the scores yet satisfy all the validation criteria desired of an ideal scoring system. And this is partly also because of the fact that the psoriasis has such a huge range of clinical variants. Nevertheless, in the recent past, significant progress has been made in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek De
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudip Das
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Disha Chakraborty
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Bellinato F, Gisondi P, Marzano AV, Piaserico S, De Simone C, Damiani G, Argenziano G, Venturini M, Dapavo P, Costanzo A, Megna M, Prignano F, Burlando M, Satolli F, Carugno A, Pezzolo E, Romanelli M, Cuccia A, Girolomoni G. Characteristics of Patients Experiencing a Flare of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: A Multicenter Observational Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040740. [PMID: 37112652 PMCID: PMC10143954 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, severe inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of flares. Characteristics of patients experiencing a flare are hardly described in a real-life setting. The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients experiencing a flare of GPP. Methods: Multicenter retrospective observational study on consecutive patients experiencing a flare of GPP between 2018 and 2022. Disease severity and quality of life were assessed by Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Area, Body Surface Area (BSA), and Severity Index (GPPASI), and Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) questionnaire, respectively. Visual analogue scale (VAS) of itch and pain, triggers, complications, comorbidities, pharmacological therapies, and outcome were collected. Results: A total of 66 patients, 45 (68.2%) females, mean age 58.1 ± 14.9 years, were included. The GPPASI, BSA, and DLQI were 22.9 ± 13.5 (mean ± standard deviation), 47.9 ± 29.1, and 21.0 ± 5.0, respectively. The VAS of itch and pain were 6.2 ± 3.3 and 6.2 ± 3.0, respectively. Fever (>38 °C) and leukocytosis (WBC > 12 × 109/L) were found in 26 (39.4%) and 39 (59.1%) patients, respectively. Precipitating triggers were identified in 24 (36.3%) and included infections (15.9%), drugs (10.6%), stressful life events (7.6%), and corticosteroids withdrawal (3.0%). Fourteen (21.2%) patients were hospitalized because of complications including infections in 9 (13.6%) leading to death in one case and hepatitis in 3 (4.5%). Conclusions: GPP flares can be severe and cause severe pain and itch with significant impact on the quality of life. In about one-third of patients the flare may have a persistent course and, with complications, lead to hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellinato
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Paolo Gisondi
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Piaserico
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Clara De Simone
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento Universitario Di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Dermatology and Cosmetology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, Università Degli Studi Della Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Venturini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Brescia at ASST-Spedali Civili, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Dapavo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Megna
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Prignano
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Burlando
- Department of Dermatology, Dipartimento Della Salute-DiSSal, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Satolli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Carugno
- Dermatology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Pezzolo
- Dermatology Unit, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marco Romanelli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Cuccia
- Unit of Dermatology, San Donato Hospital, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
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Burden AD, Bissonnette R, Lebwohl MG, Gloede T, Anatchkova M, Budhiarso I, Hu N, Thoma C, Skalicky AM, Bachelez H. Psychometric validation of the generalized pustular psoriasis physician global assessment (GPPGA) and generalized pustular psoriasis area and severity index (GPPASI). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023. [PMID: 36854864 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and life-threatening skin disease often accompanied by systemic inflammation. There are currently no standardized or validated GPP-specific measures for assessing severity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reliability, validity and responder definitions of the Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Physician Global Assessment (GPPGA) and Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (GPPASI). METHODS The GPPGA and GPPASI were validated using outcome data from Week 1 of the Effisayil™ 1 study. The psychometric analyses performed included confirmatory factor analysis, item-to-item/item-to-total correlations, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, known-groups validity, responsiveness analysis and responder definition analysis. RESULTS Using data from this patient cohort (N = 53), confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated unidimensionality of the GPPGA total score (root mean square error of approximation <0.08), and GPPGA item-to-item and item-to-total correlations ranged from 0.58 to 0.90. The GPPGA total score, pustulation subscore and GPPASI total score all demonstrated good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.70, 0.91 and 0.95 respectively), and good evidence of convergent validity. In anchor-based analyses, all three scores were able to detect changes in symptom and disease severity over time; reductions of -1.4, -2.2 and - 12.0 were suggested as clinically meaningful improvement thresholds for the GPPGA total score, GPPGA pustulation subscore and GPPASI total score respectively. Anchor-based analyses also supported the GPPASI 50 as a clinically meaningful threshold for improvement. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings indicate that the GPPGA and GPPASI are valid, reliable and responsive measures for the assessment of GPP disease severity, and support their use in informing clinical endpoints in trials in GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A David Burden
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mark G Lebwohl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tristan Gloede
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Na Hu
- Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Hervé Bachelez
- Service de Dermatologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Saint-Louis, and INSERM Unité 1163, Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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20
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Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: A Review on Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:673-688. [PMID: 36635445 PMCID: PMC9836924 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, and severe inflammatory skin disorder characterized by sudden eruption of sterile pustules, often accompanied by systemic inflammation. GPP flares can be life-threatening if untreated, owing to potential serious complications such as sepsis and cardiovascular failure. Diagnosis and clinical measurement of disease severity in GPP are often difficult. Lack of standardized criteria in the international guidelines and the heterogeneity of cutaneous and extracutaneous symptoms make the diagnosis of GPP difficult. Clinical criteria for description and diagnosis of pustular conditions, including GPP, are variable and there is no specific agreement on commonly sustained concepts. Differentiation of GPP from other similar conditions/diseases is important and requires careful assessments. The evidence that supports current topical or systemic therapies is largely based on case reports and small studies. Some biologic agents that target key cytokines involved in the activation of inflammatory pathways have been used as treatments for GPP. Recently, spesolimab, an IL-36R antagonist, has been approved in the USA and Japan for the treatment of GPP flares in adults, but there are no currently approved treatments for GPP in Europe. The IL-36 pathway has recently emerged as a central axis driving the pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms of GPP. Biologic agents that inhibit the IL-36 pathway have shown efficacy and safety in patients with GPP, addressing a generally considered unmet medical need.
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21
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Shao S, Wang G. Commentary on a Clinical Trial of Spesolimab, a Humanized Anti-interleukin-36 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody, in Generalized Pustular Psoriasis. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2627-2635. [PMID: 36208408 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and potentially life-threatening autoinflammatory skin disease, mainly mediated by the interleukin (IL)-36 signaling pathway. The irregular and relapsing pattern of the skin symptoms, the GPP-associated complications, as well as the physical pain caused by the disease add burdens to patients with GPP. Currently, spesolimab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-36 receptor, has been approved as a GPP-specific treatment targeting IL-36 signaling. Effisayil 1, a randomized, controlled clinical trial, investigated the efficacy and safety of spesolimab in patients presenting with a GPP flare. In this commentary, we discuss the study design, endpoints, and clinical outcomes of Effisayil 1, which differed from previous clinical trials that investigated other biologic agents (adalimumab, secukinumab, brodalumab, ixekizumab, and guselkumab) in patients with GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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22
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van de Kerkhof PCM. Foreword. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:3-4. [PMID: 35061225 PMCID: PMC8801398 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C M van de Kerkhof
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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