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Ullman LE, Nasir-Moin M, Hoffman V, Ghadersohi S, Swartzman I, de Weever M, Augustin M. Sunscreen use and affordability attitudes based on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and Fitzpatrick skin type. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:266. [PMID: 38795207 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE One in five Americans will develop skin cancer during their lifetime. While use of sunscreen can help prevent the development cutaneous cancer, regular use remains low nationwide. OBJECTIVE To assess and better understand health care consumer preferences for sun protection products and perceived product accessibility and availability based on socioeconomic factors, race, and ethnicity. DESIGN This quantitative survey study was conducted March through June of 2023. SETTING Participants were recruited from two university family medicine clinical sites in the Buffalo, New York area, one located in a low and one located in a middle-to-upper socioeconomic neighborhood. PARTICIPANTS Eligible participants were 18 years or older, fluent in English, and residents of the Buffalo, New York area. Surveys and consent forms were distributed by scripted verbal invitation, inviting all clinic patients who met eligibility criteria to participate. Participants were asked to self-report their racial/ethnic group as well as other demographic information including age, gender identification, household income, and household size. Information regarding sun exposure behaviors, and affordability/access was obtained using a combination of multiple choice and yes/no questions. A total of 405 participants were recruited. After excluding 235 incomplete responses, 170 surveys were available for analysis. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Our study aim was to expose health care consumer preferences as well as barriers to access based on socioeconomic factors, race, and ethnicity. RESULTS Using a 25-question anonymous survey, 405 participants from two university family medicine clinical sites representing low- and middle-to-high-income neighborhoods, participated in the survey. 170 participants completed the survey questions and were included for analysis. Of those, 61.8% identified as female, 37.6% as male, and 0.6% as other. 51.2% of participants identified as lower income, 38.2% as middle-income, and 10.6% as upper income. The results of the survey revealed disparities in sunscreen use and affordability perceptions across demographic groups. Compared with Hispanics, Caucasians exhibited higher rates of sunscreen use (85 Caucasians, 7 Hispanics; p = 0.0073), prioritized SPF (95 Caucasians, 10 Hispanics; p = 0.0178), and were more likely to perceive sunscreen as unaffordable (6 Caucasians, 4 Hispanics; p = 0.0269). Analysis by Fitzpatrick Skin Type demonstrated differences in sunscreen utilization, with Types I-III using more compared to Types IV-VI (70 Types I-III, 51 Types IV-VI; p = 0.0173); additionally, Type I-III individuals were significantly more likely to cite cost as barrier to sunscreen purchase (40 Type I-III, 65 Types IV-VI; p < 0.0001). Moreover, lower-income individuals were significantly more likely to perceive sunscreen as unaffordable (12 lower-income, 1 middle & upper income; p = 0.0025) and cited cost as a barrier to purchase (46 lower-income, 59 middle & upper income; p = 0.0146) compared to middle-to-upper income counterparts. Though statistical significance was not established, respondents from middle & upper income groups reported higher sunscreen usage rates compared with their lower-income peers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings highlight the importance of socioeconomic factors and ethnicity on accessibility to sunscreen and the impact of disparities in utilization among different ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori E Ullman
- Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | - Mehr Nasir-Moin
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffman
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Sarah Ghadersohi
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Isaac Swartzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V St, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Malaika de Weever
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Michael Augustin
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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Onamusi TA, Sharma TR, Carroll BT. Understanding the perception of sunscreen utility in African Americans. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:253. [PMID: 38795157 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Dyschromia is a top diagnosis among African Americans (AA). Sunscreen is an essential part of its management, but AA have low sunscreen use. We sought to examine the perception of sunscreen utility in dyschromia and photoaging among patients who identify as AA or Black. This cross-sectional study recruited participants from the Case Western Reserve University Academic Dental Clinic. Participants completed an electronic survey that contained questions related to sunscreen use, knowledge of the sun's role in hyperpigmentation and photoaging, and whether sunscreen could be used for hyperpigmentation and photoaging. Of the 151 participants recruited, 63.6% (n = 96) were women and 36.4% (n = 57) were men. Consistent with previous reports, participants had lower sunscreen use (20.5%) than whites (43.5%). The majority of participants (80.1% and 58.3%, respectively) didn't attribute the sun to hyperpigmentation or photoaging. Participants with dark/brown spots were significantly more likely to not attribute the sun to hyperpigmentation than those without spots. (p = 0.003) Limitations for this study include its small sample size, recall and reporter bias, question misinterpretation, and lack of question neutrality. This study highlights the knowledge gap of a major contributing factor to dyschromia which in turn could be leading to their view of the decreased utility of sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluwalashe A Onamusi
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Timmie R Sharma
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bryan T Carroll
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Shahin MM, Quach HT, Marathe KS. Pediatric Dermatology for People of Color. Pediatr Ann 2024; 53:e146-e151. [PMID: 38574070 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240205-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
When evaluating pediatric patients of color, it is essential to consider the unique diagnostic and treatment factors that apply to this population. Certain dermatologic conditions are more common in these patients, including postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, pityriasis alba, progressive macular hypomelanosis, tinea capitis, traction alopecia, keloids, hypertrophic scars, pseudofolliculitis barbae, acne keloidalis nuchae, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Furthermore, conditions such as vitiligo are more noticeable in people of color. This can lead to a significantly diminished quality of life, so these conditions should be quickly recognized and treated. Notably, inflammation can be difficult to recognize on the skin of people of color, which can lead to the underestimation of severity as well as inappropriate treatment. Treatment recommendations can also differ based on lifestyle or cultural norms, such as the use of tinted sunscreens and the consideration of hair care practices. Pediatricians should be aware of these conditions and treatment considerations to best treat pediatric patients of color. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(4):e146-e151.].
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Trisnawaty S, Gunadi JW, Ratnawati H, Lesmana R. Carotenoids in red fruit ( Pandanus conoideus Lam.) have a potential role as an anti‑pigmentation agent (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:54. [PMID: 38357234 PMCID: PMC10865171 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a persistent condition characterized by excessive melanin production in the skin. The management of melasma necessitates a protracted treatment duration, which is associated with diminished levels of patient satisfaction. One effective strategy for mitigating occurrence of melasma is consumption of nutricosmetics with depigmentation properties. The present review aimed to investigate the potential of red fruit as a depigmentation agent. Carotenoids serve a crucial role in human nutrition as a precursor to vitamin A. Carotenoids serve as scavengers of reactive oxygen species generated by ultraviolet radiation. Carotenoids promote skin health. Red fruit, a fruit originating from Papua (Indonesia) has anti-pigmentation properties associated with its ability to block melanogenesis through various protein pathways such as PKA, ERK, and AKT signaling pathways. The consumption of food rich in carotenoids, such as red fruit, has advantageous properties to reduce hyperpigmentation and skin brightening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Trisnawaty
- Master Program of Skin Ageing and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
| | - Julia Windi Gunadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
- Maranatha Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
| | - Hana Ratnawati
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
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Passeron T, Lim HW, Goh CL, Kang HY, Ly F, Morita A, Ocampo-Candiani J, Puig S, Schalka S, Liu W, Demessant-Flavigny AL, Le Floc'h C, Kerob D, Dreno B, Krutmann J. Sun exposure behaviours as a compromise to paradoxical injunctions: Insight from a worldwide survey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2481-2489. [PMID: 37590528 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural interventions can improve attitudes towards sun protection but the impact remains inconsistent worldwide. OBJECTIVE To assess awareness of and attitudes towards the multiple facets of sun exposure and suggest ways to improve prevention from overexposure to the sun in all geographical zones and multiple skin types. METHODS Online survey was conducted from 28 September to 18 October 2021. Study population was selected from the Ipsos online Panel (3,540,000 panellists), aged ≥18 years, from 17 countries around the five continents. Demographics, sun-exposure habits and practices, understanding of risks and information on phototypes were documented and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Eighty-eight per cent of participants knew that sunlight can cause skin health problems (90% phototypes I-II, 82% phototypes V-VI, >90% in American and European countries, 72% in Asia and 85% in Africa). Eighty-five per cent used some form of protection against sunlight, predominantly: Seeking shade (77%), avoiding the midday sun (66%), facial application of sunscreen (60%) and wearing protective clothing (44%). The perception of sunlight itself is positive ('it gives energy' for 82%; 'tanned skin looks attractive' for 72%), although less in Asian countries and among individuals with dark skin phototypes. Eighty-three per cent reported having experienced sunburn, mainly in Australia, Canada, USA, Germany, France and Russia, and among individuals with dark skin phototypes. Only 12% systematically/often used all types of protection during exposure to the sun and 23% believed it is safe to go out in the sun with no protection when their skin is already tanned. From 13% (skin phototype I) to 26% (phototype VI) reported not using any form of protection against the sun. Knowledge and habits were significantly superior among people who are accustomed to seeing a dermatologist for a complete skin exam. CONCLUSIONS Dermatologists could play a crucial role in relaying novel prevention messages, more finely tailored to specific risks, populations and areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, Côte d'Azur University, Nice University Hospital Center, Nice, France
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Fatimata Ly
- Department of Dermatology, Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar University, EPS Institute of Social Hygiene, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, University Hospital "Dr. Jose E. González", Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center and Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute of Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Air Force PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Brigitte Dreno
- Nantes University, Univ Angers, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Julka-Anderson N. Structural racism in radiation induced skin reaction toxicity scoring. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2023; 54:S44-S48. [PMID: 37833117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Racially motivated biases are often implicit and can go unnoticed, especially if your normal is white and adjustments are required to cater for 'others.' Current consent forms and grading tools within radiotherapy are not inclusive of all skin tones. This commentary highlights gaps in care within radiation induced skin reactions (RISR) assessment for people of colour. Healthcare professionals and patients are directed to look for visual cues such as redness for RISR, but this is not always visible on people with pigmented skin. Their skin may go darker than their normal or changes across the colour spectrum. The lack of understanding of these fundamental differences are leading to people of colour being oppressed through structural racism and racialised myths. Using inclusive terminology will allow for moving away from the current view of healthcare that white skin is the norm. People of colour deserve more than are currently offered in RISR toxicity assessment.
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Tsai J, Chien AL. Reinforcing Photoprotection for Skin of Color: A Narrative Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:1935-1958. [PMID: 37495857 PMCID: PMC10442306 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-00982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin of color (SOC) is characterized by increased tendency for tanning and decreased likelihood of sunburns due to the attenuation of sunlight by epidermal melanin. Although this contributes to the decreased incidence of skin cancer among SOC populations, individuals with SOC remain susceptible to various health consequences associated with sun exposure, including non-melanoma skin cancer, photoaging, pigmentary disorders, and photodermatoses - many of which not only present differently, but also disproportionately affect SOC. Prior epidemiological studies have found lower prevalence of sun protection behaviors among individuals with SOC, particularly in sunscreen use, signifying an unmet area for improvement in the prevention of sun-induced dermatologic conditions in these populations. The objective of this narrative review was to summarize the biology and health consequences of sun exposure in SOC, as well as cognitive and behavioral factors that affect the practice of photoprotection behaviors in SOC populations. We also review prior interventions that have been used to enhance photoprotection knowledge and behaviors among individuals with SOC, either in racially and ethnically diverse communities or within specific SOC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, Suite 8060C, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Anna L Chien
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, Suite 8060C, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Moskwa J, Bronikowska M, Socha K, Markiewicz-Żukowska R. Vegetable as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Photoprotective Properties: Implication in the Aging Process. Nutrients 2023; 15:3594. [PMID: 37630784 PMCID: PMC10459432 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, as an external organ, protects the entire body against harmful external factors. One of these factors is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which in excessive amounts can lead to premature skin aging, DNA damage, and even skin cancer. Therefore, it is worth supporting skin protection not only with commercially available preparations, but also with a proper diet. Consuming certain vegetables and applying them topically may reduce the effects of UV radiation. The aim of the review was to collect information on the effects of vegetables and their compounds on the skin when used externally or included in the diet. This review summarizes studies on vegetables, such as broccoli, cucumber, kale, tomato, and carrot, which have shown significant activity in skin photoprotection. Additionally, it outlines the bioactive substances present in these vegetables and their effects.
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Kliniec K, Tota M, Zalesińska A, Łyko M, Jankowska-Konsur A. Skin Cancer Risk, Sun-Protection Knowledge and Behavior in Athletes-A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3281. [PMID: 37444391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Outdoor sports are associated with increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which may result in sunburn, solar damage, and skin cancers. Water and winter sports create additional adverse conditions, such as washing away sunscreen by water and reflection of UV rays by the water and snow. Sweating-increased skin photosensitivity and activity-induced immunosuppression are associated with a greater risk of developing skin cancers. In this review, we focus on a group of athletes and sports participants and analyze 62 articles concerning sun exposure during outdoor sports, the risk of developing skin cancer, and knowledge and behavior regarding photoprotection methods. Various practices have been linked to an increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), or UV-induced skin damage. Water sports and mountaineering increase the risk of BCC. Surfing and swimming are risk factors for SCC. Melanoma is more common in swimmers, surfers, and marathon runners. Photoprotection behaviors can reduce potential skin damage and skin cancers. Athletes' knowledge about the risk of malignant lesions was satisfactory, but despite the risks, outdoor sports participants seem not to protect themselves from the sun adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kliniec
- Student Research Group of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Tota
- Student Research Group of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Zalesińska
- Student Research Group of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łyko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alina Jankowska-Konsur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Wright CY, Norval M. Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, Skin Cancer and Photoprotective Strategies in South Africa †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:509-518. [PMID: 35841370 DOI: 10.1111/php.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The most recent data relating to the incidence of, and mortality from, the three commonest forms of skin cancer, namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and cutaneous melanoma (CM), in the Black African, Colored, Asian/Indian and White population groups in South Africa are reviewed. While exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is the major environmental risk factor for BCC in all four groups, for SSC in the White and Asian/Indian groups and for CM in the White group, this is unlikely to be the case for most SCCs in the Black African group and for most CMs in the Black African and Asian/Indian groups. Strategies for practical personal photoprotection in South Africa are discussed with particular emphasis on people at heightened risk of skin cancer including the White population group, those with HIV or oculocutaneous albinism and outdoor workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caradee Yael Wright
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mary Norval
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
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Consumer Behavior, Skin Phototype, Sunscreens, and Tools for Photoprotection: A Review. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunscreens and photoprotection tools along with consumer habits and behaviors, can mitigate the skin damage caused by excessive solar radiation. For example, protecting oneself in the shade, avoiding inadequate sun exposure at times of higher incidence of UVB radiation (between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.), wearing clothes with sun protection factors, applying sunscreens at the correct amounts and intervals, and wearing glasses with anti-UVA and UVB lenses are effective measures for protecting an individual. Therefore, the objective of this review was to highlight the importance of photoprotection for all skin phototypes, as skin cancer is a worldwide public health problem. In this review of the scientific literature on the Scopus platform between 2015 and 2022, we addressed the most common behaviors among different individuals and their phototypes, the importance of clarifying population habits against solar radiation, and the use of sunscreens and photoprotection tools to provide advice on healthy and safe sun exposure.
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12
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Recommend photoprotection for everyone including those with skin of colour. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-022-00962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Cassiano DP, Espósito ACC, da Silva CN, Lima PB, Dias JAF, Hassun K, Miot LDB, Miot HA, Bagatin E. Update on Melasma-Part II: Treatment. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:1989-2012. [PMID: 35906506 PMCID: PMC9464276 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a prevalent chronic relapsing pigmentary disorder that affects photoexposed areas, especially in women of childbearing age. Although there is currently no curative treatment available for melasma, this manuscript critically reviews the knowledge regarding photoprotection, topical and oral therapies, and procedures such as peelings, laser, and microneedling that represent the main strategies for control and prevention of this disease. As the pathogenesis of melasma is not entirely understood, there are prospects for the development of new therapeutic strategies that might act on the pathways that promote sustained pigmentation rather than merely decreasing melanin synthesis and removing melanin from the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Cláudia C. Espósito
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, FMB-Unesp, Campus de Rubião Jr., Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Carolina N. da Silva
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, FMB-Unesp, Campus de Rubião Jr., Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Paula B. Lima
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, FMB-Unesp, Campus de Rubião Jr., Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Joana A. F. Dias
- Departamento de Dermatologia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, FMB-Unesp, Campus de Rubião Jr., Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Karime Hassun
- Departamento de Dermatologia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Luciane D. B. Miot
- Departamento de Dermatologia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, FMB-Unesp, Campus de Rubião Jr., Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Hélio A. Miot
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, FMB-Unesp, Campus de Rubião Jr., Botucatu, SP Brazil
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