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Sequeira L, Benfeito S, Fernandes C, Lima I, Peixoto J, Alves C, Machado CS, Gaspar A, Borges F, Chavarria D. Drug Development for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: Where Do We Go Now? Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:708. [PMID: 38931832 PMCID: PMC11206728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a set of progressive, chronic, and incurable diseases characterized by the gradual loss of neurons, culminating in the decline of cognitive and/or motor functions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common NDs and represent an enormous burden both in terms of human suffering and economic cost. The available therapies for AD and PD only provide symptomatic and palliative relief for a limited period and are unable to modify the diseases' progression. Over the last decades, research efforts have been focused on developing new pharmacological treatments for these NDs. However, to date, no breakthrough treatment has been discovered. Hence, the development of disease-modifying drugs able to halt or reverse the progression of NDs remains an unmet clinical need. This review summarizes the major hallmarks of AD and PD and the drugs available for pharmacological treatment. It also sheds light on potential directions that can be pursued to develop new, disease-modifying drugs to treat AD and PD, describing as representative examples some advances in the development of drug candidates targeting oxidative stress and adenosine A2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS—Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS—Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Khot KB, D S S, Gopan G, Deshpande N S, Shastry P, Bandiwadekar A, Jose J. Enhancing selegiline hydrochloride efficacy: Box Behnken-optimized liposomal delivery via intranasal route for Parkinson's disease intervention. J Liposome Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38591935 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2336549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of selegiline hydrochloride in conventional dosage forms is to reduce the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its limited access to the brain, short half-life, and first-pass metabolism minimize brain uptake. Nano-based liposomes offer promising tools for brain-targeted delivery of therapeutics, especially intranasally administered cationic liposomes that target the brain region via the olfactory route and reduce biodistribution. In the present work, cationic liposomes encapsulated with selegiline hydrochloride were fabricated for intranasal administration against PD. The liposomes were initially optimized by Box Behnken design, and the selected run was coated with stearylamine to provide a cationic charge to the liposomes. The final coated liposomes, SH-LP3, demonstrated a minimum size of 173 ± 2.13 nm, an ideal zeta potential of +16 ± 1.98, and achieved a maximum entrapment efficiency of 40.14 ± 1.83%. Morphology analysis showed the spherical shape of liposomes in the size range of 100-200 nm. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay in SHSY5Y cell lines showed a significant decrease in toxicity, almost ten times less, compared to pure selegiline hydrochloride. Animal studies on rotenone-lesioned C57BL6 mice model for PD were performed to investigate the effect of intranasally administered liposomes. The SH-LP3 formulation exhibited remarkable effectiveness in relieving symptoms of PD. This extensive analysis emphasizes the possibility of intranasally administered SH-LP3 liposomes as a feasible treatment option for PD. The formulation not only delivers continuous drug release but also displays better safety and efficacy, providing a platform for additional studies and growth in the domain of PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Bhairu Khot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Sandeep D S
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Gopika Gopan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Shridhar Deshpande N
- Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prajna Shastry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Akshay Bandiwadekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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Cieślak M, Danel T, Krzysztyńska-Kuleta O, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J. Machine learning accelerates pharmacophore-based virtual screening of MAO inhibitors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8228. [PMID: 38589405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, an efficient and robust virtual screening procedure is crucial in the drug discovery process, especially when performed on large and chemically diverse databases. Virtual screening methods, like molecular docking and classic QSAR models, are limited in their ability to handle vast numbers of compounds and to learn from scarce data, respectively. In this study, we introduce a universal methodology that uses a machine learning-based approach to predict docking scores without the need for time-consuming molecular docking procedures. The developed protocol yielded 1000 times faster binding energy predictions than classical docking-based screening. The proposed predictive model learns from docking results, allowing users to choose their preferred docking software without relying on insufficient and incoherent experimental activity data. The methodology described employs multiple types of molecular fingerprints and descriptors to construct an ensemble model that further reduces prediction errors and is capable of delivering highly precise docking score values for monoamine oxidase ligands, enabling faster identification of promising compounds. An extensive pharmacophore-constrained screening of the ZINC database resulted in a selection of 24 compounds that were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity. A preliminary screen discovered weak inhibitors of MAO-A with a percentage efficiency index close to a known drug at the lowest tested concentration. The approach presented here can be successfully applied to other biological targets as target-specific knowledge is not incorporated at the screening phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Cieślak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland.
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland.
- Computational Chemistry Department, Selvita, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Danel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 6, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland
| | - Olga Krzysztyńska-Kuleta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Selvita, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland
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Kispotta S, Das D, Prusty SK. A recent update on drugs and alternative approaches for parkinsonism. Neuropeptides 2024; 104:102415. [PMID: 38402775 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, often known as PD, is a more common age-related neurological disorder that affects a huge number of older adults worldwide. Parkinson's disease is predominantly a movement-related pathosis and is distinguished by the deposition of intra-neuronal aggregates, as the alpha-synuclein gene is expressed as Lewy bodies (LB) causing dopaminergic neurons to die. Stress in early life may contribute to the development of depression, and depression in patients may result in the development of Parkinson's disease as they mature. Depression is a non-motor condition that leads to motor symptoms, such as Parkinson's disease. PD Patients are currently utilizing a variety of other therapies like utilizing nutritional supplements, herbal remedies, vitamins, and massage. When a patient's functional ability is impaired, drug treatment is usually initiated according to the individual's condition and the severity of signs and symptoms. The current marketed anti-Parkinson drugs, has low brain distribution and failing to repair dopaminergic neurons or delaying the progression of the disease these negative effects were unavoidable. To overcome these disadvantages, this review considers the inclusion of drugs used in Parkinson's disease, focusing on strategies to reuse existing compounds to speed up drug development, their capacity to traverse the BBB, and drug dispersion in the brain. We look at cellular therapies and repurposed drugs. We also investigate the mechanisms, effectiveness, as well as safety of several new medications that are being repositioned for Parkinson's disease pharmacotherapy. In this study, we focus on global trends in Parkinson's disease research. We hope to raise awareness about the present state of major factors for disability worldwide, including yearly prevalence's from international and national statistics. The pathophysiology of Parkinsonism and also analyze existing therapies for Parkinson's disease, moreover new and innovative drug therapies, and to assess the prospects for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kispotta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Debajyoti Das
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Shakti Ketan Prusty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Kumar S, Oh JM, Prabhakaran P, Awasti A, Kim H, Mathew B. Isatin-tethered halogen-containing acylhydrazone derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitor with neuroprotective effect. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1264. [PMID: 38218887 PMCID: PMC10787790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Sixteen isatin-based hydrazone derivatives (IS1-IS16) were synthesized and assessed for their ability to inhibit monoamine oxidases (MAOs). All the molecules showed improved inhibitory MAO-B activity compared to MAO-A. Compound IS7 most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.082 μM, followed by IS13 and IS6 (IC50 = 0.104 and 0.124 μM, respectively). Compound IS15 most potently inhibited MAO-A with an IC50 value of 1.852 μM, followed by IS3 (IC50 = 2.385 μM). Compound IS6 had the highest selectivity index (SI) value of 263.80, followed by IS7 and IS13 (233.85 and 212.57, respectively). In the kinetic study, the Ki values of IS6, IS7, and IS13 for MAO-B were 0.068 ± 0.022, 0.044 ± 0.002, and 0.061 ± 0.001 μM, respectively, and that of IS15 for MAO-A was 1.004 ± 0.171 μM, and the compounds were reversible-type inhibitors. The lead compounds were central nervous system (CNS) permeable, as per parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) test results. The lead compounds were examined for their cytotoxicity and potential neuroprotective benefits in hazardous lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Pre-treatment with lead compounds enhanced anti-oxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx) and decreased ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha, and NF-kB) production in LPS-intoxicated SH-SY5Y cells. To confirm the promising effects of the compound, molecular docking, dynamics, and MM-GBSA binding energy were used to examine the molecular basis of the IS7-MAO-B interaction. Our findings indicate that lead compounds are potential therapeutic agents to treat neurological illnesses, such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Prabitha Prabhakaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Abhimanyu Awasti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682041, India.
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Krishna A, Kumar S, Sudevan ST, Singh AK, Pappachen LK, Rangarajan TM, Abdelgawad MA, Mathew B. A Comprehensive Review of the Docking Studies of Chalcone for the Development of Selective MAO-B Inhibitors. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:697-714. [PMID: 37190818 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230515155000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B is a crucial therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's since they assist in disintegrating neurotransmitters such as dopamine in the brain. Pursuing efficacious monoamine oxidase B inhibitors is a hot topic, as contemporary therapeutic interventions have many shortcomings. Currently available FDA-approved monoamine oxidase inhibitors like safinamide, selegiline and rasagiline also have a variety of side effects like depression and insomnia. In the quest for a potent monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, sizeable, diverse chemical entities have been uncovered, including chalcones. Chalcone is a renowned structural framework that has been intensively explored for its monoamine oxidase B inhibitory activity.The structural resemblance of chalcone (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) based compounds and 1,4-diphenyl- 2-butene, a recognized MAO-B inhibitor, accounts for their MAO-B inhibitory activity. Therefore, multiple revisions to the chalcone scaffold have been attempted by the researchers to scrutinize the implications of substitutions onthe molecule's potency. In this work, we outline the docking investigation results of various chalcone analogues with monoamine oxidase B available in the literature until now to understand the interaction modes and influence of substituents. Here we focused on the interactions between reported chalcone derivatives and the active site of monoamine oxidase B and the influence of substitutions on those interactions. Detailed images illustrating the interactions and impact of the substituents or structural modifications on these interactions were used to support the docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athulya Krishna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Leena K Pappachen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - T M Rangarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venketeswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
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Benny F, Oh JM, Kumar S, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Abdel-Bakky MS, Kukerti N, Jose J, Kim H, Mathew B. Isatin-based benzyloxybenzene derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitors with neuroprotective effect targeting neurogenerative disease treatment. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35240-35250. [PMID: 38053684 PMCID: PMC10694828 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighteen isatin-based benzyloxybenzaldehyde derivatives from three subseries, ISB, ISFB, and ISBB, were synthesized and their ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) was evaluated. The inhibitory activity of all synthesized compounds was found to be more profound against MAO-B than MAO-A. Compound ISB1 most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC50 of 0.124 ± 0.007 μM, ensued by ISFB1 (IC50 = 0.135 ± 0.002 μM). Compound ISFB1 most potently inhibited MAO-A with an IC50 of 0.678 ± 0.006 μM, ensued by ISBB3 (IC50 = 0.731 ± 0.028 μM), and had the highest selectivity index (SI) value (55.03). The three sub-parental compounds, ISB1, ISFB1, and ISBB1, had higher MAO-B inhibition than the other derivatives, indicating that the substitutions of the 5-H in the A-ring of isatin diminished the inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B. Among these, ISB1 (para-benzyloxy group in the B-ring) displayed more significant MAO-B inhibition when compared to ISBB1 (meta-benzyloxy group in the B-ring). ISB1 and ISFB1 were identified to be competitive and reversible MAO-B inhibitors, having Ki values of 0.055 ± 0.010, and 0.069 ± 0.025 μM, respectively. Furthermore, in the parallel artificial membrane penetration assay, ISB1 and ISFB1 traversed the blood-brain barrier in the in vitro condition. Additionally, the current study found that ISB1 decreased rotenone-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In docking and simulation studies, the hydrogen bonding formed by the imino nitrogen in ISB1 and the pi-pi stacking interaction of the phenyl ring in isatin significantly aided in the protein-ligand complex's stability, effectively inhibiting MAO-B. According to these observations, the MAO-B inhibitors ISB1 and ISFB1 were potent, selective, and reversible, making them conceivable therapies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feba Benny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham AIMS Health Sciences Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University Suncheon 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham AIMS Health Sciences Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka 72341 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University Ad Diriyah 13713 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University Buraydah 51452 Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukerti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun Uttarakhand 248002 India
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, NITTE University Mangalore Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University Suncheon 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham AIMS Health Sciences Campus Kochi 682041 India
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Hussain L, Masood I, Ahmad M, Ali MY, Saleem U, Hussain M, Khalid SH, Chauhdary Z. Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of methyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxoide against haloperidol induced Parkinson like symptoms in animal model: In-vitro and in-vivo studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116678. [PMID: 37683697 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), degradation of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra causes striatal deficiency of dopamine, which results in tremors, bradykinesia with instability in posture, rigidity and shuffled gait. Prevalence of PD increases with age as from 65 to 85 years. In an attempt to devise targeted safe therapy, nanoparticles of methyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide (MBD) (MBDN), were prepared and their acute toxicity and safety was evaluated. Thirty-six healthy albino mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6): normal control, diseased control, standard (levodopa/carbidopa (100/25 mg/kg) and the remaining three groups were administered 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg MBDN during 21 days study. Except control, all mice, were injected haloperidol (1 mg/ kg i.p.) 1-h prior to treatment to induce PD. Acute toxicity test showed, no effect of MBDN on lipid profile, brain, renal and liver function and histoarchitecture of kidney, liver and heart, except decreased (p < 0.05) platelet count. Behavioral studies showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) in motor function and reduction of oxidation status in a MBDN in a dose dependent manner. Thus, the study findings revealed significance of MBDN as a selective MAO-B inhibitor for the improvement of Parkinson's symptoms in animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaqat Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ina Masood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zunera Chauhdary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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9
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Ayeni EA, Ma C, Zhang YM, Fan WQ, Liao X. Chemical components and monoamine oxidase B inhibition activities from the tubers of Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2916-2923. [PMID: 36301745 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2137502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome tuber of Sauromatum giganteum is known as 'Bai Fuzi' in China and has been ethnomedicinally used to treat various neurological diseases. It is considered to possess anti-Parkinson's disease (PD) potential, but the active compounds responsible for that is still unclear. In this work, nineteen compounds were isolated and identified from rhizome tuber of this plant, among which four were firstly reported, i.e. berberine (1), nicotinamide (2), rutin (3) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (4). Six compounds (1, 3, 4, 8, 14 and 15) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against MAO-B with IC50 of 118.8, 45.6, 96.2, 65.8, 40.0, and 49.8 µM, and two compounds (3 and 4) displayed significant protective effect on 6-OHDA-induced PC-12 cell model. The molecular docking of the bioactive compounds and MAO-B was carried out to explore the binding mode. The findings revealed the potential of S. giganteum as anti-PD herb and its inclusion in TCM could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ayodeji Ayeni
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Qin Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Richmond AM, Lyons KE, Pahwa R. Safety review of current pharmacotherapies for levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:563-579. [PMID: 37401865 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2227096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Levodopa remains the gold standard for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients develop complications with disease progression, necessitating adjunctive therapy to control fluctuations in motor and non-motor symptoms and dyskinesia. Knowledge of medication safety and tolerability is critical to ascertain the benefit-risk ratio and select an adjunctive therapy that provides the highest chance for medication adherence. Posing a challenge are the sheer abundance of options, stemming from the development of several new drugs in recent years, as well as differences in commercial drug availability worldwide. AREAS COVERED This review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of current US FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for levodopa-treated PD patients, including dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase type-B inhibitors, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist amantadine, and the adenosine receptor antagonist istradefylline. Data were taken from pivotal phase III randomized controlled and post-surveillance studies, when available, that directly led to FDA-approval. EXPERT OPINION No strong evidence exists to support use of a specific adjunctive treatment for improving Off time. Only one medication has demonstrated improvement in dyskinesia in levodopa-treated PD patients; however, every patient cannot tolerate it and therefore adjunctive therapy should be tailored to an individual's symptoms and risk for specific adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Richmond
- Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States of America
| | - Kelly E Lyons
- Research and Education, Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- Laverne & Joyce Rider Professor of Neurology, Chief, Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Division Director, Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States of America
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Yan R, Cai H, Cui Y, Su D, Cai G, Lin F, Feng T. Comparative efficacy and safety of monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors plus channel blockers and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors as adjuvant therapy to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1118-1134. [PMID: 36437702 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors plus channel blockers (MAO-BIs plus) are a new class of antiparkinsonian drug with additional mechanisms of action for their property as ion channel blockers. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of MAO-BIs plus and conventional MAO-BIs, as well as their corresponding doses, as adjuvant therapy to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHOD Randomized controlled trials enrolling PD patients treated with selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide or zonisamide as adjuvant therapy to levodopa were identified. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS Thirty-one randomized controlled trials comprising 7142 PD patients were included. Compared with levodopa monotherapy, the combination therapy of MAO-BIs and levodopa was significantly more effective, with a mean difference of 2.74 (1.26-4.18) on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score change for selegiline, 2.67 (1.45-3.87) for safinamide, 2.2 (0.98-3.64) for zonisamide and 2.04 (1.24-2.87) for rasagiline. No significant difference was detected amongst MAO-BIs. The surface under the cumulative ranking results showed that safinamide 100 mg and rasagiline 1 mg ranked first in improving UPDRS III and UPDRS II, respectively. Zonisamide 100 mg ranked first in reducing OFF time. For safety outcomes, rasagiline was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events than placebo and safinamide. MAO-BIs plus had a higher probability of being safer agents compared to conventional MAO-BIs. CONCLUSIONS Monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors plus, conventional MAO-BIs and the corresponding doses are similar in efficacy in PD treatment. MAO-BIs plus might be safer than conventional MAO-BIs. Head-to-head comparisons are needed for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Cai
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yusha Cui
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dongning Su
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guoen Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fabin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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12
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Yi C, Liu X, Chen K, Liang H, Jin C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic properties for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115308. [PMID: 37001389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel ((benzofuran-5-yl)methyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as MAO-B inhibitors. SAR studies indicated that cyclizing benzyl ether into benzofuran ring resulted in the most potent MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.037 μM), (2S,4S)-4-fluoro-1-((2-(4-fluorophenyl) benzofuran-5-yl)methyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (C14). PK properties of C14 in rats and mice were significantly improved compared to our previous candidate and safinamide, indicating that benzofuran moiety is essential for improving PK properties. Moreover, C14 displayed good metabolic stability and brain-blood barrier permeability, as well as favorable in vitro properties. Finally, C14 significantly inhibited MAO-B in the mouse brain. C14 exhibited a potential efficacy for DA deficits in the MPTP-induced mouse model and significantly increased DA concentration in the striatum. Thus, we identified that C14 may be a promising drug candidate for PD treatment.
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13
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Kumar S, Oh JM, Abdelgawad MA, Abourehab MA, Tengli AK, Singh AK, Ahmad I, Patel H, Mathew B, Kim H. Development of Isopropyl-Tailed Chalcones as a New Class of Selective MAO-B Inhibitors for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disorder. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6908-6917. [PMID: 36844523 PMCID: PMC9947953 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen isopropyl chalcones (CA1-CA13) were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO). All compounds inhibited MAO-B more effectively than MAO-A. Compound CA4 most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.032 μM, similar to that of CA3 (IC50 = 0.035 μM) and with high selectivity index (SI) values for MAO-B over MAO-A (SI = 49.75 and 353.23, respectively). The -OH (CA4) or -F (CA3) group at the para position on the A ring provided higher MAO-B inhibition than that of the other substituents (-OH ≥ -F > -Cl > -Br > -OCH2CH3 > -CF3). On the other hand, compound CA10 most potently inhibited MAO-A with an IC50 value of 0.310 μM and effectively MAO-B (IC50 = 0.074 μM). The Br-containing thiophene substituent (CA10) instead of the A ring showed the highest MAO-A inhibition. In a kinetic study, K i values of compounds CA3 and CA4 for MAO-B were 0.076 ± 0.001 and 0.027 ± 0.002 μM, respectively, and that of CA10 for MAO-A was 0.016 ± 0.005 μM. A reversibility study showed that CA3 and CA4 were reversible inhibitors of MAO-B and CA10 was a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A. In docking and molecular dynamics, the hydroxyl group of CA4 and two hydrogen bonds contributed to the stability of the protein-ligand complex. These results suggest that CA3 and CA4 are potent reversible selective MAO-B inhibitors and can be used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department
of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical
Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A.S. Abourehab
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm
Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Kumar Tengli
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College
of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra
Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule 424002, Maharashtra, India
- Division
of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division
of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department
of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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ElShagea HN, Makar RR, Salama AH, Elkasabgy NA, Basalious EB. Investigating the Targeting Power to Brain Tissues of Intranasal Rasagiline Mesylate-Loaded Transferosomal In Situ Gel for Efficient Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020533. [PMID: 36839855 PMCID: PMC9967009 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rasagiline mesylate (RSM) is a hydrophilic drug with poor oral bioavailability (36%) because of hepatic first-pass metabolism. The present study focuses on delivering RSM directly to the brain through its inclusion within transferosomal in situ gel administered through the intranasal (IN) route. Transferosomes were formed by the thin-film hydration method with the aid of Design-Expert® software by varying the edge activator (EA) type in the absence or presence of cholesterol. By desirability calculations, the optimum formulation was composed of phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate as an EA (5:1% w/w) with no cholesterol. The optimum formulation was 198.63 ± 34.98 nm in size and displayed an entrapment efficiency of 95.73 ± 0.09%. Transmission electron microscopy revealed discrete and spherical vesicles. Optimized transferosomes were further incorporated into an in situ gel composed of 0.5% pectin, 15% Pluronic® F-127, and 5% Pluronic® F-68 and tested for the in vivo performance. The systemic as well as brain kinetics were assessed in rats by comparing the IN-administered in situ gel to the IV aqueous solution. The optimum in situ gel showed safety and biocompatibility on rats' nasal mucosa with enhanced brain bioavailability (131.17%). Drug targeting efficiency and direct transport percentage indices (304.53% and 67.16%, respectively) supported successful brain targeting offering direct nose-to-brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala N. ElShagea
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Cairo 12451, Egypt
| | - Rana R. Makar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Cairo 12451, Egypt
| | - Alaa H. Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Cairo 12451, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A. Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Emad B. Basalious
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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15
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Shi R, Gao D, Stoika R, Liu K, Sik A, Jin M. Potential implications of polyphenolic compounds in neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5491-5514. [PMID: 36524397 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2155106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are common chronic diseases related to progressive damage to the nervous system. Current neurodegenerative diseases present difficulties and despite extensive research efforts to develop new disease-modifying therapies, there is still no effective treatment for halting the neurodegenerative process. Polyphenols are biologically active organic compounds abundantly found in various plants. It has been reported that plant-derived dietary polyphenols may improve some disease states and promote health. Emerging pieces of evidence indicate that polyphenols are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to overview the potential neuroprotective roles of polyphenols in most common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidie Shi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daili Gao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Lenka A, Di Maria G, Lamotte G, Bahroo L, Jankovic J. Practical pearls to improve the efficacy and tolerability of levodopa in Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:489-498. [PMID: 35710101 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2091436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Levodopa is the most effective medication for the treatment of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several factors may affect the efficacy and tolerability of levodopa. These include the timing, dosage and administration of levodopa, concomitant drugs, food, PD-associated non motor symptoms, and various neurologic and non-neurologic comorbidities. If not appropriately addressed, these issues may limit levodopa efficacy, tolerability, and compliance. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the basics of the metabolism of orally administered levodopa, its side effects, and the factors that may affect its tolerability and efficacy. We provide several practical pearls to improve the tolerability and efficacy of levodopa. EXPERT OPINION Protein-rich food delays and reduces levodopa absorption. Hence, levodopa should preferably be administered in a relatively empty stomach. Carbidopa dosing is crucial as it not only enhances the entry of levodopa into the central nervous system, but also reduces levodopa's peripheral adverse effects. Patients experiencing the early side effects such as nausea/vomiting should be prescribed with anti-nausea medications that do not block dopamine receptors. Non-oral routes of administration can be used to obviate persistent gastrointestinal side effects. Implementation of these and other tips may help improve the tolerability and efficacy of levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Lenka
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gianluca Di Maria
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guillaume Lamotte
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laxman Bahroo
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Anastassova N, Aluani D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Tzankova V, Kondeva-Burdina M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Yancheva D. Study on the Neuroprotective, Radical-Scavenging and MAO-B Inhibiting Properties of New Benzimidazole Arylhydrazones as Potential Multi-Target Drugs for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:884. [PMID: 35624746 PMCID: PMC9138090 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key contributing factor in the complex degenerating cascade in Parkinson's disease. The inhibition of MAO-B affords higher dopamine bioavailability and stops ROS formation. The incorporation of hydroxy and methoxy groups in the arylhydrazone moiety of a new series of 1,3-disubstituted benzimidazole-2-thiones could increase the neuroprotective activity. In vitro safety evaluation on SH-SY5Y cells and rat brain synaptosomes showed a strong safety profile. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects were evaluated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress on SH-SY5Y cells and in a model of 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain synaptosomes, where the dihydroxy compounds 3h and 3i demonstrated the most robust neuroprotective and antioxidant activity, more pronounced than the reference melatonin and rasagiline. Statistically significant MAO-B inhibitory effects were exerted by some of the compounds where again the catecholic compound 3h was the most potent inhibitor similar to selegiline and rasagiline. The most potent antioxidant effect in the ferrous iron induced lipid peroxidation assay was observed for the three catechols-3h and 3j, 3q. The catecholic compound 3h showed scavenging capability against superoxide radicals and antioxidant effect in the iron/deoxyribose system. The study outlines a perspective multifunctional compound with the best safety profile, neuroprotective, antioxidant and MAO-B inhibiting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (D.Y.)
| | - Denitsa Aluani
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.A.); (V.T.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.A.); (V.T.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.A.); (V.T.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (D.Y.)
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (D.Y.)
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18
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Revisiting the Role of Astrocytic MAOB in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084453. [PMID: 35457272 PMCID: PMC9028367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB) has been believed to mediate the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine. However, this traditional belief has been challenged by demonstrating that it is not MAOB but MAOA which mediates dopamine degradation. Instead, MAOB mediates the aberrant synthesis of GABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in reactive astrocytes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Astrocytic GABA tonically suppresses the dopaminergic neuronal activity, whereas H2O2 aggravates astrocytic reactivity and dopaminergic neuronal death. Recently discovered reversible MAOB inhibitors reduce reactive astrogliosis and restore dopaminergic neuronal activity to alleviate PD symptoms in rodents. In this perspective, we redefine the role of MAOB for the aberrant suppression and deterioration of dopaminergic neurons through excessive GABA and H2O2 synthesis of reactive astrocytes in PD.
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Elkamhawy A, Woo J, Gouda NA, Kim J, Nada H, Roh EJ, Park KD, Cho J, Lee K. Melatonin Analogues Potently Inhibit MAO-B and Protect PC12 Cells against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101604. [PMID: 34679739 PMCID: PMC8533333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) metabolizes dopamine and plays an important role in oxidative stress by altering the redox state of neuronal and glial cells. MAO-B inhibitors are a promising therapeutical approach for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Herein, 24 melatonin analogues (3a–x) were synthesized as novel MAO-B inhibitors with the potential to counteract oxidative stress in neuronal PC12 cells. Structure elucidation, characterization, and purity of the synthesized compounds were performed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS, and HPLC. At 10 µM, 12 compounds showed >50% MAO-B inhibition. Among them, compounds 3n, 3r, and 3u–w showed >70% inhibition of MAO-B and IC50 values of 1.41, 0.91, 1.20, 0.66, and 2.41 µM, respectively. When compared with the modest selectivity index of rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50), compounds 3n, 3r, 3u, and 3v demonstrated better selectivity indices (SI > 71, 109, 83, and 151, respectively). Furthermore, compounds 3n and 3r exhibited safe neurotoxicity profiles in PC12 cells and reversed 6-OHDA- and rotenone-induced neuronal oxidative stress. Both compounds significantly up-regulated the expression of the anti-oxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Treatment with Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), a selective HO-1 inhibitor, abolished the neuroprotective effects of the tested compounds, suggesting a critical role of HO-1 up-regulation. Both compounds increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which is a key regulator of the antioxidative response. Taken together, these data show that compounds 3n and 3r could be further exploited for their multi-targeted role in oxidative stress-related PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jiyu Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
| | - Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
| | - Jushin Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hossam Nada
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
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Elkamhawy A, Kim HJ, Elsherbeny MH, Paik S, Park JH, Gotina L, Abdellattif MH, Gouda NA, Cho J, Lee K, Nim Pae A, Park KD, Roh EJ. Discovery of 3,4-dichloro-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)benzamide: A highly potent, selective, and competitive hMAO-B inhibitor with high BBB permeability profile and neuroprotective action. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105352. [PMID: 34562673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since there is no disease-modifying treatment discovered yet for Parkinson's disease (PD), there is still a vital need to develop novel selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors as promising therapeutically active candidates for PD patients. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and full characterization of new twenty-six indole derivatives as potential human MAO-B (hMAO-B) selective inhibitors. Six compounds (2i, 3b-e, and 5) exhibited low micromolar to nanomolar inhibitory activities over hMAO-B; compared to our recently reported N-substituted indole-based lead compound VIII (hMAO-B IC50 = 777 nM), compound 5 (3,4-dichloro-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)benzamide) exhibited 18-fold increase in potency (IC50 = 42 nM). A selectivity study over hMAO-A revealed an excellent selectivity index of compound 5 (SI > 2375) with a 47-fold increase compared to rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50). A further kinetic evaluation of compound 5 over hMAO-B showed a reversible and competitive mode of inhibition with Ki value of 7 nM. Highly effective permeability and high CNS bioavailability of compound 5 with Pe = 54.49 × 10-6 cm/s were demonstrated. Compound 5 also exhibited a low cytotoxicity profile and a promising neuroprotective effect against the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell damage in PC12 cells, which was more effective than that of rasagiline. Docking simulations on both hMAO-B and hMAO-A supported the in vitro data and served as further molecular evidence. Accordingly, we report the discovery of compound 5 as one of the most potent indole-based MAO-B inhibitors to date which is noteworthy to be further evaluated as a promising agent for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed H Elsherbeny
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha A Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Chamberlain SR, Baldwin DS. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) in Psychiatric Practice: How to Use them Safely and Effectively. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:703-716. [PMID: 34240393 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were among the first licensed pharmacological treatments for patients with depression but over time have fallen out of mainstream clinical use. This has led to a loss of clinician training opportunities and reduced availability of MAOIs for prescribing. This article provides a concise and practical overview of how to use MAOIs safely and effectively in psychiatric practice. We consider the history of MAOIs, why they are not used more frequently, their mechanisms of action, availability, indications and efficacy, general tolerability, withdrawal symptoms, and safety considerations (including hypertensive reactions and serotonin syndrome). Practical advice is given in terms of dietary restrictions, interactions with other medications (both prescribed and non-prescribed), and how prescribers can stop and switch MAOIs, both within the drug class and outside of it. We also provide advice on choice of MAOI and treatment sequencing. Lastly, we consider emerging directions and potential additional indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Chamberlain
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, SO14 3DT, UK.
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22
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Pathania A, Kumar R, Sandhir R. Hydroxytyrosol as anti-parkinsonian molecule: Assessment using in-silico and MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111525. [PMID: 33882412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxytyrosol (HXT) is a natural polyphenol present in extra virgin olive oil. It is a key component of Mediterranean diet and is known for its strong antioxidant activity. The present study evaluated the potential of HXT as an anti-parkinsonian molecule in terms of its ability to inhibit MAO-B and thereby maintaining dopamine (DA) levels in Parkinson's disease (PD). In-silico molecular docking study followed by MMGBSA binding free energy calculation revealed that HXT has a strong binding affinity for MAO-B in comparison to MAO-A. Moreover, rasagiline and HXT interacted with the similar binding sites and modes of interactions. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed stable nature of HXT-MAO-B interaction and also provided information about the amino acid residues involved in binding. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that HXT inhibited MAO-B in human platelets with IC50 value of 7.78 μM. In vivo studies using MPTP-induced mouse model of PD revealed increase in DA levels with concomitant decrease in DA metabolites (DOPAC and HVA) on HXT treatment. Furthermore, MAO-B activity was also inhibited on HXT administration to PD mice. In addition, HXT treatment prevented MPTP-induced loss of DA neurons in substantia nigra and their nerve terminals in the striatum. HXT also attenuated motor impairments in PD mice assessed by catalepsy bar, narrow beam walk and open field tests. Thus, the present findings reveal HXT as a potential inhibitor of MAO-B, which may be used as a lead molecule for the development of therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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23
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Elkamhawy A, Paik S, Kim HJ, Park JH, Londhe AM, Lee K, Pae AN, Park KD, Roh EJ. Discovery of N-(1-(3-fluorobenzoyl)-1 H-indol-5-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide: a novel, selective, and competitive indole-based lead inhibitor for human monoamine oxidase B. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1568-1580. [PMID: 32752896 PMCID: PMC7470070 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1800666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, two new series of N-substituted indole-based analogues were rationally designed, synthesized via microwave heating technology, and evaluated as noteworthy MAO-B potential inhibitors. Compared to the reported indazole-based hits VI and VII, compounds 4b and 4e exhibited higher inhibitory activities over MAO-B with IC50 values of 1.65 and 0.78 µM, respectively. When compared to the modest selectivity index of rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50), both 4b and 4e also showed better selectivity indices (SI > 60 and 120, respectively). A further kinetic evaluation of the most potent derivative (4e) displayed a competitive mode of inhibition (inhibition constant (Ki)/MAO-B = 94.52 nM). Reasonable explanations of the elicited biological activities were presented via SAR study and molecular docking simulation. Accordingly, the remarkable MAO-B inhibitory activity of 4e (N-(1-(3-fluorobenzoyl)-1H-indol-5-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide), with its selectivity and competitive inhibition, advocates its potential role as a promising lead worthy of further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwini M Londhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Lorente-Picón M, Laguna A. New Avenues for Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics: Disease-Modifying Strategies Based on the Gut Microbiota. Biomolecules 2021; 11:433. [PMID: 33804226 PMCID: PMC7998286 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects 1% of the population over the age of 60 years, and for which no disease-modifying treatments exist. Neurodegeneration and neuropathology in different brain areas are manifested as both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients. Recent interest in the gut-brain axis has led to increasing research into the gut microbiota changes in PD patients and their impact on disease pathophysiology. As evidence is piling up on the effects of gut microbiota in disease development and progression, another front of action has opened up in relation to the potential usage of microbiota-based therapeutic strategies in treating gastrointestinal alterations and possibly also motor symptoms in PD. This review provides status on the different strategies that are in the front line (i.e., antibiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; synbiotics; dietary interventions; fecal microbiota transplantation, live biotherapeutic products), and discusses the opportunities and challenges the field of microbiome research in PD is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lorente-Picón
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Laguna
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Binde CD, Tvete IF, Gåsemyr JI, Natvig B, Klemp M. Comparative effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type-B inhibitors for Parkinson's disease: a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:1731-1743. [PMID: 32710141 PMCID: PMC7661406 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the comparative effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type-B (MAO-B) inhibitors available for treatment of Parkinson's disease. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search identifying randomized controlled trials investigating 4 dopamine agonists (cabergoline, pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine) and 3 MAO-B inhibitors (selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide) for Parkinson's disease. We extracted and pooled data from included clinical trials in a joint model allowing both direct and indirect comparison of the seven drugs. We considered dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors given as monotherapy or in combination with levodopa. Selected endpoints were change in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, serious adverse events and withdrawals. We estimated the relative effectiveness of each dopamine agonist and MAO-B inhibitor versus comparator drug. RESULTS Altogether, 79 publications were included in the analysis. We found all the investigated drugs to be effective compared with placebo when given as monotherapy except safinamide. When considering combination treatment, the estimated relative effects of selegiline, pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine, cabergoline, rasagiline and safinamide were 2.316 (1.819, 2.951), 2.091 (1.889, 2.317), 2.037 (1.804, 2.294), 1.912 (1.716, 2.129), 1.664 (1.113, 2.418), 1.584 (1.379, 1.820) and 1.179 (1.031, 1.352), respectively, compared with joint placebo and levodopa treatment. CONCLUSIONS Dopamine agonists were found to be effective as treatment for Parkinson's disease, both when given as monotherapy and in combination with levodopa. Selegiline and rasagiline were also found to be effective for treating Parkinson's disease, and selegiline was the best option in combination with levodopa among all the drugs investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bent Natvig
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Klemp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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26
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Chowdhury S, Kumar S. Inhibition of BACE1, MAO-B, cholinesterase enzymes, and anti-amyloidogenic potential of selected natural phytoconstituents: Multi-target-directed ligand approach. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13571. [PMID: 33249607 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and multiple factors are involved in disease progression. This is why there is an urgent need to develop novel molecules with multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) potential. The current study explores the active phytoconstituents from traditionally used medicinal spices, namely piperine, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cuminaldehyde, and alpha-terpinyl acetate for the inhibition of β-secretase, monoamine oxidase, cholinesterase enzymes, anti-aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils, and their protective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and Aβ-induced toxicity. Eugenol showed inhibitory activity against MAO-B enzyme, free radical scavenging activity, and anti-aggregation activity against Aβ peptides than other phytoconstituents. It also demonstrated a significant cytoprotective effect against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in pheochromocytoma (PC) 12 cells. A molecular docking study of eugenol showed interactions with active site residue of the target enzymes. The study successfully demonstrated that eugenol could have an MTDLs potential better than synthesized drugs used in the treatment of AD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present study demonstrated multi-target-directed ligand potential of eugenol and can be developed to treat complex diseases like Alzheimer's. Eugenol can bind to different Alzheimer's targets such as β-secretase (BACE1), Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), Cholinesterase's, and amyloid β1-42 fibrils and might have a disease-modifying potential. The other natural phytoconstituents such as piperine, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde, and alpha-terpinyl acetate also demonstrated MTDL potential could also be used for developing novel molecules for disease-modifying effect. It also protects against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chowdhury
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
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27
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Li Y, Jiao Q, Du X, Jiang H. Sirt1/FoxO1-Associated MAO-A Upregulation Promotes Depressive-Like Behavior in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human A53T α-Synuclein. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3838-3848. [PMID: 33155799 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms are of pivotal importance in Parkinson's disease (PD), among which depressive disorder occurs in more than 45% of PD cases. Decreased levels of noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the central nervous system are relevant to it; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. To this end, we conducted behavioral assays to analyze the depressive phenotype in transgenic mice with overexpressed A53T human α-synuclein (A53T mice) and examined alterations of NAergic and 5-HTergic systems in the neuron degeneration, neurotransmitter production, and degradation aspects of the mouse. As compared to controls, A53T mice displayed elevated depressive-like behavior at 6 months, which presents earlier than motor deficits do at 12 months. We detected reduced levels of NA and 5-HT in the hippocampus and NA in the locus coeruleus of 6-month A53T mice. There was no loss of NAergic and 5-HTergic neurons or decreased neurotransmitter synthesis in the brain. However, the expression of MAO-A, an enzyme responsible for NA and 5-HT degradation, was upregulated in A53T mice. Mechanistically, Sirt1 was downregulated which lead to an increase in FoxO1 acetylation, which subsequently increased the transcription of MAO-A. Activation of Sirt1 by resveratrol or inhibition of MAO-A by moclobemide administration could restore brain NA and 5-HT levels and attenuate the depressive-like behavior of A53T mice. Taken together, our results provided a novel correlation between Sirt1 and MAO-A, and compounds targeting on these molecules are beneficial for improving depression in the A53T mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042 Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
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28
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Wu J, Liu Q, Hu Y, Wang W, Gao X. Discovery of Novel Procaine‐Imidazole Derivative as Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase‐B for Potential Benefit in Parkinson's Disease. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiane Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology The Affiliated Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang, JiangXi 330008 China
| | - Qionghua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology The Affiliated Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang, JiangXi 330008 China
| | - Yuping Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology The Affiliated Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang, JiangXi 330008 China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology The Affiliated Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang, JiangXi 330008 China
| | - Xinming Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology C–MER Shenzhen Dennis Lam Eye Hospital Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000 China
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29
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Exploring the Therapeutic Potentials of Highly Selective Oxygenated Chalcone Based MAO-B Inhibitors in a Haloperidol-Induced Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2786-2799. [PMID: 32939670 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic systems, in which dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin levels are depleted and lead to the development of motor and non-motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, weight changes, fatigue, depression, and visual hallucinations. Therapeutic strategies place much focus on dopamine replacement and the inhibition of dopamine metabolism. The present study was based on the known abilities of chalcones to act as molecular scaffolds that selectively inhibit MAO-B with the added advantage of binding reversibly. Recently, we synthesized a series of 26 chalcone compounds, amongst which (2E)-1-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (O10) and (2E)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (O23) most inhibited MAO-B. Hence, the present study was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotective effect of O10 and O23 at varying doses such as 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg each in a haloperidol-induced murine model of PD. Both compounds were effective (though O23 was the more effective) at ameliorating extrapyramidal and non-motor symptoms in the model and improved locomotory and exploratory behaviors, reduced oxidative stress markers, and enhanced antioxidant marker and neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore, histopathological studies showed O10 and O23 both reduced neurofibrillary tangles and plaques to almost normal control levels.
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30
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Mubashir N, Fatima R, Naeem S. Identification of Novel Phyto-chemicals from Ocimum basilicum for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease using In Silico Approach. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2020; 16:420-434. [PMID: 32883197 DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666190503113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is characterized by decreased level of dopaminergic neurotransmitters and this decrease is due to the degradation of dopamine by protein Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B). In order to treat Parkinson's disease, MAO-B should be inhibited. OBJECTIVE To find out the novel phytochemicals from plant Ocimum basilicum that can inhibit MAO-B by using the in silico methods. METHODS The data of chemical constituents from plant Ocimum basilicum was collected and inhibitory activity of these phytochemicals was then predicted by using the Structure-Based (SB) and Ligand-Based Virtual Screening (LBVS) methods. Molecular docking, one of the common Structure-Based Virtual Screening method, has been used during this search. Traditionally, molecular docking is used to predict the orientation and binding affinity of the ligand within the active site of the protein. Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) software has been used for this purpose. On the other hand, Random Forest Model, one of the LBVS method, has also been used to predict the activity of these chemical constituents of Ocimum basilicum against the MAO-B. RESULTS During the docking studies, all the 108 compounds found in Ocimum basilicum were docked within the active site of MAO-B (PDB code: 4A79) out of which, 57 compounds successfully formed the hydrogen bond with tyr 435, a crucial amino acid for the biological activity of the enzyme. Rutin (-182.976 Kcal/mol), Luteolin (-163.171 Kcal/mol), Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside (- 160.13 Kcal/mol), Rosmarinic acid (-133.484 Kcal/mol) and Isoquercitrin (-131.493 Kcal/mol) are among the top hits with the highest MolDock score along with hydrogen interaction with tyr 435. Using the RF model, ten compounds out of 108 chemical constituent of Ocimum basilicum were predicted to be active, Apigenin (1.0), Eriodictyol (1.0), Orientin (0.876), Kaempferol (0.8536), Luteolin (0.813953) and Rosmarinic-Acid (0.7738095) are predicted to be most active with the highest RF score. CONCLUSION The comparison of the two screening methods show that the ten compounds that were predicted to be active by the RF model, are also found in top hits of docking studies with the highest score. The top hits obtained during this study are predicted to be the inhibitor of MAO-B, thus, could be used further for the development of drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageen Mubashir
- Bioinformatics & Biophysics Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Rida Fatima
- Bioinformatics & Biophysics Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Naeem
- Bioinformatics & Biophysics Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Hydride Abstraction as the Rate-Limiting Step of the Irreversible Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase B by Rasagiline and Selegiline: A Computational Empirical Valence Bond Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176151. [PMID: 32858935 PMCID: PMC7503497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) catalyze the degradation of a very broad range of biogenic and dietary amines including many neurotransmitters in the brain, whose imbalance is extensively linked with the biochemical pathology of various neurological disorders, and are, accordingly, used as primary pharmacological targets to treat these debilitating cognitive diseases. Still, despite this practical significance, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the irreversible MAO inhibition with clinically used propargylamine inhibitors rasagiline and selegiline is still not unambiguously determined, which hinders the rational design of improved inhibitors devoid of side effects current drugs are experiencing. To address this challenge, we present empirical valence bond QM/MM simulations of the rate-limiting step of the MAO inhibition involving the hydride anion transfer from the inhibitor α-carbon onto the N5 atom of the flavin adenin dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. The proposed mechanism is strongly supported by the obtained free energy profiles, which confirm a higher reactivity of selegiline over rasagiline, while the calculated difference in the activation Gibbs energies of ΔΔG‡ = 3.1 kcal mol-1 is found to be in very good agreement with that from the measured literature kinact values that predict a 1.7 kcal mol-1 higher selegiline reactivity. Given the similarity with the hydride transfer mechanism during the MAO catalytic activity, these results verify that both rasagiline and selegiline are mechanism-based irreversible inhibitors and offer guidelines in designing new and improved inhibitors, which are all clinically employed in treating a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Li W, Yang X, Song Q, Cao Z, Shi Y, Deng Y, Zhang L. Pyridoxine-resveratrol hybrids as novel inhibitors of MAO-B with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Recent advances in dopaminergic strategies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:471-482. [PMID: 32112042 PMCID: PMC7471472 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide. However, there is no available therapy reversing the neurodegenerative process of PD. Based on the loss of dopamine or dopaminergic dysfunction in PD patients, most of the current therapies focus on symptomatic relief to improve patient quality of life. As dopamine replacement treatment remains the most effective symptomatic pharmacotherapy for PD, herein we provide an overview of the current pharmacotherapies, summarize the clinical development status of novel dopaminergic agents, and highlight the challenge and opportunity of emerging preclinical dopaminergic approaches aimed at managing the features and progression of PD.
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Balestrino R, Schapira A. Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:27-42. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Balestrino
- Department of Neuroscience University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - A.H.V. Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London UK
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Design of novel monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors based on piperine scaffold: Structure-activity-toxicity, drug-likeness and efflux transport studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111770. [PMID: 31711793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Piperine has been associated with neuroprotective effects and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, thus being an attractive scaffold to develop new antiparkinsonian agents. Accordingly, we prepared a small library of piperine derivatives and screened the inhibitory activities towards human MAO isoforms (hMAO-A and hMAO-B). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies pointed out that the combination of α-cyano and benzyl ester groups increased both potency and selectivity towards hMAO-B. Kinetic experiments with compounds 7, 10 and 15 indicated a competitive hMAO-B inhibition mechanism. Compounds 15 and 16, at 10 μM, caused a small but significant decrease in P-gp efflux activity in Caco-2 cells. Compound 15 stands out as the most potent piperine-based hMAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 47.4 nM), displaying favourable drug-like properties and a broad safety window. Compound 15 is thus a suitable candidate for lead optimization and the development of multitarget-directed ligands.
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Jiang DQ, Wang HK, Wang Y, Li MX, Jiang LL, Wang Y. Rasagiline combined with levodopa therapy versus levodopa monotherapy for patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:101-109. [PMID: 31446579 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this report was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of rasagiline (R) plus levodopa (L) (R + L) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with that of L monotherapy, in order to provide a reference resource for rational drug use. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of R + L for PD published up to September 2018 were searched. Sensitivity analyses were also performed. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs with 2531 participants were included. Compared with L monotherapy, the pooled effects of R + L combination therapy on unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) score were (SMD - 0.50, 95% CI - 0.70 to - 0.30, P < 0.00001) for UPDRS motor score, (SMD - 0.59, 95% CI - 0.79 to - 0.39, P < 0.00001) for UPDRS activities of daily living (ADL) score, (SMD - 0.65, 95% CI - 0.81 to - 0.49, P < 0.00001) for UPDRS total score. R + L combination therapy was better than L monotherapy in reducing daily off-time (SMD - 1.15, 95% CI - 2.13 to - 0.17, P = 0.02), but there was a statistically nonsignificant result in daily on-time increase (SMD 1.39, 95% CI - 0.69 to 3.48, P = 0.19). There were no statistical differences in number of adverse events (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.82, P = 0.07) and number of dropout (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.19, P = 0.39) between R + L combination therapy and L monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS R + L combination therapy was superior to L monotherapy for improvement of UPDRS scores and off-time in PD patients. Moreover, R + L combination therapy and L monotherapy were similar in terms of safety and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qi Jiang
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No. 1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Hua-Kun Wang
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No. 1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Li-Lin Jiang
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No. 1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
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Tandarić T, Vianello R. Computational Insight into the Mechanism of the Irreversible Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase Enzymes by the Antiparkinsonian Propargylamine Inhibitors Rasagiline and Selegiline. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3532-3542. [PMID: 31264403 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are flavin adenine dinucleotide containing flavoenzymes that catalyze the degradation of a range of brain neurotransmitters, whose imbalance is extensively linked with the pathology of various neurological disorders. This is why MAOs have been the central pharmacological targets in treating neurodegeneration for more than 60 years. Still, despite this practical importance, the precise chemical mechanisms underlying the irreversible inhibition of the MAO B isoform with clinical drugs rasagiline (RAS) and selegiline (SEL) remained unknown. Here we employed a combination of MD simulations, MM-GBSA binding free energy evaluations, and QM cluster calculations to show the MAO inactivation proceeds in three steps, where, in the rate-limiting first step, FAD utilizes its N5 atom to abstracts a hydride anion from the inhibitor α-CH2 group to ultimately give the final inhibitor-FAD adduct matching crystallographic data. The obtained free energy profiles reveal a lower activation energy for SEL by 1.2 kcal mol-1 and a higher reaction exergonicity by 0.8 kcal mol-1, with the former being in excellent agreement with experimental ΔΔG‡EXP = 1.7 kcal mol-1, thus rationalizing its higher in vivo reactivity over RAS. The calculated ΔGBIND energies confirm SEL binds better due to its bigger size and flexibility allowing it to optimize hydrophobic C-H···π and π···π interactions with residues throughout both of enzyme's cavities, particularly with FAD, Gln206 and four active site tyrosines, thus overcoming a larger ability of RAS to form hydrogen bonds that only position it in less reactive orientations for the hydride abstraction. Offered results elucidate structural determinants affecting the affinity and rates of the inhibition reaction that should be considered to cooperate when designing more effective compounds devoid of untoward effects, which are of utmost significance and urgency with the growing prevalence of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana Tandarić
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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38
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Tao D, Wang Y, Bao XQ, Yang BB, Gao F, Wang L, Zhang D, Li L. Discovery of coumarin Mannich base derivatives as multifunctional agents against monoamine oxidase B and neuroinflammation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:203-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Parkinson's disease in the Western Pacific Region. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18:865-879. [PMID: 31175000 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1·8 billion people of diverse ethnicities and cultures live in the Western Pacific Region. The increasing longevity of populations in this region is a major contributor to the exponential increase in Parkinson's disease prevalence worldwide. Differences exist between Parkinson's disease in the Western Pacific Region and in Europe and North America that might provide important insights into our understanding of the disease and approaches to management. For example, some genetic factors (such as LRRK2 mutations or variants) differ, environmental exposures might play differential roles in modulating the risk of Parkinson's disease, and fewer dyskinesias are reported, with some differences in the profile of non-motor symptoms and comorbidities. Gaps in awareness of the disease and inequitable access to treatments pose challenges. Further improvements in infrastructure, clinical governance, and services, and concerted collaborative efforts in training and research, including greater representation of the Western Pacific Region in clinical trials, will improve care of patients with Parkinson's disease in this region and beyond.
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40
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Gupta HV, Lyons KE, Pahwa R. Old Drugs, New Delivery Systems in Parkinson’s Disease. Drugs Aging 2019; 36:807-821. [DOI: 10.1007/s40266-019-00682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Sawant VS, Park H, Baek SY, Lee J, Choi JW, Park KD, Choi KI, Seong J, Lee S, Choo H. Benzoxazoles as Selective Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO‐B) Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram S. Sawant
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Park
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yoon Baek
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Jieon Lee
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Il Choi
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
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Srivastav S, Neupane S, Bhurtel S, Katila N, Maharjan S, Choi H, Hong JT, Choi DY. Probiotics mixture increases butyrate, and subsequently rescues the nigral dopaminergic neurons from MPTP and rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:73-86. [PMID: 31063918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota in the gut affect brain physiology via various pathways, and dysbiosis seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Probiotics showed pleiotropic effects on functions of the central nervous system via microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, no studies displayed the neuroprotective effects of probiotics in the Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to test the neuroprotective effects of probiotics in two different models of PD. We evaluated neuroprotective effects of a probiotic cocktail containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis lactis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus in PD models induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or rotenone utilizing behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry and neurochemical analysis. To assure the neuroprotection came from increased production of butyrate, we further determined beneficial effects of butyrate in the MPTP-mediated PD model. The probiotic mixture overtly protected the dopaminergic neurons against MPTP neurotoxicity. However, the probiotics downregulated expression of monoamine oxidase (MAO) B in the striatum, which was accompanied by a lower level of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the main neurotoxic metabolite of MPTP. Thus, we extended the investigation into the rotenone-induced PD model. Rescuing effects of the probiotics were observed in the setup, which came with increased levels of neurotrophic factors and butyrate in the brain. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was identified to be a major contributor to the induction of neurotrophic factors and downregulation of MAO B. Finally, we demonstrated that sodium butyrate attenuated MPTP-induced neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal pathway. Probiotics could ameliorate neurodegeneration at least partially by increasing butyrate level. These data highlight the role of probiotics for brain health, and their potential as a preventive measure for neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Srivastav
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabita Neupane
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Bhurtel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikita Katila
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sailesh Maharjan
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-21 Osongsaengmyeong1-ro, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Qhobosheane MA, Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. The monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of C6-mono- and N3/C6-disubstituted derivatives of 4(3H)-quinazolinone. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zheng J, Zhang X, Zhen X. Development of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A Recent Update and Challenge. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:783-791. [PMID: 30199223 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with significant unmet medical needs. The current dopamine-centered treatments aim to restore motor functions of patients without slowing the disease progression. Long-term usage of these drugs is associated with diminished efficacy, motor fluctuation, and dyskinesia. Furthermore, the nonmotor features associated with PD such as sleep disorder, pain, and psychiatric symptoms are poorly addressed by the dopaminergic treatments. Adenosine receptor A2A antagonists have emerged as potential treatment for PD in the past decade. Here we summarize the recent work (2015-2018) on adenosine receptor A2A antagonists and discuss the challenge and opportunity for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyue Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
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45
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Uhl GR. Dopamine compartmentalization, selective dopaminergic vulnerabilities in Parkinson's disease and therapeutic opportunities. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:406-415. [PMID: 30847375 PMCID: PMC6389739 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive depletion of selected dopamine neurons is central to much Parkinson's disease (PD) disability. Although symptomatic treatments can ameliorate the disabilities that this neuronal depletion causes, no current strategy is documented to slow these losses. There is substantial evidence that dopamine in intracytoplasmic/extravesicular neuronal compartments can be toxic. Here, I review evidence that supports roles for dopamine compartmentalization, mediated largely by serial actions of plasma membrane SLC6A3/DAT and vesicular SLC18A2/VMAT2 transporters, in the selective patterns of dopamine neuronal loss found in PD brains. This compartmentalization hypothesis for the dopamine cell type specificity of PD lesions nominates available drugs for amelioration of damage arising from miscompartmentalized dopamine and raises cautions in using other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Uhl
- Neurology and Research ServicesNew Mexico VA HealthCare SystemAlbuquerqueNew Mexico87108
- Biomedical Research Institute of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico87108
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico87108
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental HealthJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMaryland21287
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Hattori N, Takeda A, Takeda S, Nishimura A, Kitagawa T, Mochizuki H, Nagai M, Takahashi R. Long-term, open-label, phase 3 study of rasagiline in Japanese patients with early Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:299-308. [PMID: 30689042 PMCID: PMC6449288 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rasagiline is a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recently conducted the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rasagiline in Japanese patients with early PD and now report the results of its open-label extension (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02337751). In the double-blind trial, patients aged 30–79 years with PD diagnosis within 5 years and Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part II + Part III total score ≥ 14 were randomized to placebo or rasagiline 1 mg/day for 26 weeks. Of 210 patients who completed the randomized trial, 198 (95 placebo, 103 rasagiline) entered the extension and received rasagiline 1 mg/day for 26 weeks. Analyses included patients who received rasagiline anytime during double-blind and/or extension periods; mean (standard deviation) treatment duration was 169.6 (39.57) and 316.5 (88.89) days in placebo–rasagiline (n = 95) and rasagiline–rasagiline (n = 117) groups, respectively. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; primary outcome) was 53.7% and 77.8% in the placebo–rasagiline and rasagiline–rasagiline groups, respectively. Drug-related TEAEs occurred in 24.2% and 49.6% of patients and serious TEAEs occurred in four (two drug related) and six (one drug related) patients in the placebo–rasagiline and rasagiline–rasagiline groups, respectively. The mean change in MDS-UPDRS Part II + III total score from baseline (before rasagiline) was − 2.8 points in both the placebo–rasagiline (mean [95% confidence interval] − 2.8 [− 4.05, − 1.59]) and rasagiline–rasagiline (− 2.8 [− 4.57, − 1.01]) groups. In conclusion, up to 52 weeks, rasagiline was well tolerated with sustained motor symptom improvement, supporting its use in Japanese patients with early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takeda
- Japan Development Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Japan Development Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Kitagawa
- Japan Development Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagai
- Clinical Therapeutic Trial Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Deeb W, Nozile-Firth K, Okun MS. Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and appreciation of comorbidities. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 167:257-277. [PMID: 31753136 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder that manifests with a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms. Its incidence increases with age. It is important for clinicians to be able to distinguish symptoms of aging and other comorbidities from those of PD. The diagnosis of PD has traditionally been rendered using strict criteria that mainly rely on the cardinal motor symptoms of rest tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. However, newer diagnostic criteria proposed by the Movement Disorders Society for diagnosis of PD collectively reflect a greater appreciation for the nonmotor symptoms. The treatment of PD remains symptomatic and the most noticeable improvements have been documented in the motor symptoms. Levodopa remains the gold standard for therapy, however there are now many other potential medical and surgical treatment strategies. Nonmotor symptoms have been shown to affect quality of life more than the motor symptoms. There is ongoing research into symptomatic and disease modifying treatments. Given the multisystem involvement in PD, an interdisciplinary patient-centered approach is recommended by most experts. This chapter addresses first the diagnostic approach and the many geriatric considerations. This is followed by a review of the nonmotor symptoms. Finally, a summary of current treatment strategies in PD is presented along with potential treatment complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Deeb
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Kamilia Nozile-Firth
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael S Okun
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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48
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Fan D, Liu L, Wu Z, Cao M. Combating Neurodegenerative Diseases with the Plant Alkaloid Berberine: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:563-579. [PMID: 29676231 PMCID: PMC6712296 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180419141613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most serious health problems affecting millions of people worldwide. Such diseases are characterized by a progressive degeneration and / or death of neurons in the central nervous system. Currently, there are no therapeutic approaches to cure or even halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. During the last two decades, much attention has been paid to the neuroprotective and anti-neurodegenerative activities of compounds isolated from natural products with high efficacy and low toxicity. Accumulating evidence indicates that berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, may act as a promising anti-neurodegenerative agent by inhibiting the activity of the most important pathogenic enzymes, ameliorating intracellular oxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, triggering autophagy and protecting neurons against apoptotic cell death. This review attempts to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the therapeutic potential of berberine against neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie its effects on Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China;, E-mail: and Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; E-mail:
| | - Meiqun Cao
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China;, E-mail: and Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; E-mail:
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Monteiro AFM, Viana JDO, Nayarisseri A, Zondegoumba EN, Mendonça Junior FJB, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Computational Studies Applied to Flavonoids against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7912765. [PMID: 30693065 PMCID: PMC6332933 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7912765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, are understood as occurring through genetic, cellular, and multifactor pathophysiological mechanisms. Several natural products such as flavonoids have been reported in the literature for having the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and slow the progression of such diseases. The present article reports on in silico enzymatic target studies and natural products as inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In this study we evaluated 39 flavonoids using prediction of molecular properties and in silico docking studies, while comparing against 7 standard reference compounds: 4 for Parkinson's and 3 for Alzheimer's. Osiris analysis revealed that most of the flavonoids presented no toxicity and good absorption parameters. The Parkinson's docking results using selected flavonoids as compared to the standards with four proteins revealed similar binding energies, indicating that the compounds 8-prenylnaringenin, europinidin, epicatechin gallate, homoeriodictyol, capensinidin, and rosinidin are potential leads with the necessary pharmacological and structural properties to be drug candidates. The Alzheimer's docking results suggested that seven of the 39 flavonoids studied, being those with the best molecular docking results, presenting no toxicity risks, and having good absorption rates (8-prenylnaringenin, europinidin, epicatechin gallate, homoeriodictyol, aspalathin, butin, and norartocarpetin) for the targets analyzed, are the flavonoids which possess the most adequate pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex France M. Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jéssika De O. Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In Silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Bioscience, Inodre - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ernestine N. Zondegoumba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Teaching and Research Management-University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Carmona-Martínez V, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Vera M, Guirado A, Martínez-Esparza M, García-Peñarrubia P. Therapeutic potential of pteridine derivatives: A comprehensive review. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:461-516. [PMID: 30341778 DOI: 10.1002/med.21529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pteridines are aromatic compounds formed by fused pyrazine and pyrimidine rings. Many living organisms synthesize pteridines, where they act as pigments, enzymatic cofactors, or immune system activation molecules. This variety of biological functions has motivated the synthesis of a huge number of pteridine derivatives with the aim of studying their therapeutic potential. This review gathers the state-of-the-art of pteridine derivatives, describing their biological activities and molecular targets. The antitumor activity of pteridine-based compounds is one of the most studied and advanced therapeutic potentials, for which several molecular targets have been identified. Nevertheless, pteridines are also considered as very promising therapeutics for the treatment of chronic inflammation-related diseases. On the other hand, many pteridine derivatives have been tested for antimicrobial activities but, although some of them resulted to be active in preliminary assays, a deeper research is needed in this area. Moreover, pteridines may be of use in the treatment of many other diseases, such as diabetes, osteoporosis, ischemia, or neurodegeneration, among others. Thus, the diversity of the biological activities shown by these compounds highlights the promising therapeutic use of pteridine derivatives. Indeed, methotrexate, pralatrexate, and triamterene are Food and Drug Administration approved pteridines, while many others are currently under study in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Carmona-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Vera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Guirado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Esparza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Peñarrubia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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