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Rahman SM, Jafferany M, Barkauskaite R. Habit-reversal training: a psychotherapeutic approach in treating body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:1310-1316. [PMID: 37470438 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs) are recurrent, compulsive, destructive behaviours directed towards the body. Although studies have demonstrated a 12-14% prevalence rate, researchers found that dermatologists and psychiatrists show a lack of knowledge regarding psychodermatology resources and information about BFRB disorders (BFRBDs) such as trichotillomania (TTM). There is limited research about treatments including ones investigating the clinical applications of various self-help training such as decoupling (DC) and DC in sensu (DC-is) as well as about habit-reversal training (HRT). HRT is a five-component behavioural intervention that aims to develop a competing response to a specific unwanted behaviour. Studies have found substantial support for HRT's efficacy in treating a variety of maladaptive repetitive behaviours including onychotillomania, TTM, skin-picking disorder and chronic cheek biting. Additionally, many psychotherapies can augmented HRT. Psychotherapies include acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, mindfulness mediation and the cognitive psychophysiological model. A recently investigated variant of HRT, DC-is, resulted in consistently satisfactory objective and subjective improvement for treating BFRBDs, and HRT showed good subjective but poor objective improvement compared with standard DC. HRT and HRT variants are effective therapeutic treatments for BFRBDs; however, further randomized double-blinded and placebo-controlled trials are required to examine HRT's therapeutic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Minhaj Rahman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Jafferany
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Michigan University/CMU Medical Education Partners, Saginaw, MI, USA
| | - Ruta Barkauskaite
- Institute of Psychology, Mykoles Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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2
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Sivasubramanian R, Malhotra S. Genetic Contributors to Obesity. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:323-332. [PMID: 37197876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic forms of obesity contribute to ∼7% of severe obesity in children and adolescents. The exact global prevalence of monogenic and syndromic forms of obesity is not well established, most likely due to missed or delayed diagnosis. The challenge in determining the prevalence can be attributed to the lack of consensus on identifying and evaluating symptoms of genetic defects in a timely manner and hence a vastly undertested patient population. Further large-scale and long-term studies are needed to advance the understanding of this unique phenotype of obesity and effective treatment options."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonali Malhotra
- MGH Weight Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 430, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, 222 Berkeley Street, 12th Floor, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
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3
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Arıkan MK, Oba MÇ, İlhan R, Mat MC. When to Choose Paroxetine Treatment in Skin-Picking Disorder: A Case Report. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:168-172. [PMID: 34994223 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211073390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin picking disorder (SPD) characterized by repetitive compulsive scratching in the absence of a primary skin disease is strongly associated with psychiatric comorbidities, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression (MDD). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used in the treatment of SPD with variable success. Nevertheless, the optimum treatment choice for SPD is an issue for clinicians. This case report presents a 32-year-old female SPD patient treated with four-week paroxetine monotherapy. Based upon the clinical interview and standardized questionnaires, the patient was diagnosed with OCD with depressive features and Skin Picking Disorder. In addition to symptom severity scales, quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) was also applied. Paroxetine treatment was started (titrated from 5 to 40 mg/day) and doubled each week. After four-week paroxetine monotherapy, OCD symptoms were diminished, and skin lesions were completely regressed leaving solely post inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Post-treatment qEEG assessment also showed a normalization of frontal alpha power and amplitude asymmetry. It can be concluded that if OCD includes SPD with abnormal EEG patterns; then the treatment success using paroxetine will be very high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muazzez Ç Oba
- 567570Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyhan İlhan
- Kemal Arıkan Psychiatry Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Spitzer C, Lübke L, Müller S, Conrad R, Gallinat C. State and trait dissociation in pathological skin picking. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2023.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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5
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Andriyani R, Amin MM, Effendy E. Case Report: Excoriation Disorder. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Excoriation disorder, known as pathological skin picking, dermatillomania, psychogenic excoriation, or neurotic excoriation, is a disorder characterized by a compulsive need to pluck one's skin, which leads to tissue damage.
Case Report
Excoriation disorders are usually found in about 12% of adolescents with psychiatric conditions. Approximately three-quarters of individuals who suffer from this disorder are women. This disorder is often found in adolescence, generally coincides with puberty or follows the onset of puberty. For some individuals, this disorder can occur recurrently for weeks, months, and years. Therefore, we specifically report the case of a 15-year-old adolescent suffering from excoriation disorder.
Conclusion
Non-immediate treatment of excoriation disorder leads to becoming a chronic disorder and often causes psychosocial dysfunction and medical problems that can be life-threatening.
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Spitzer C, Lübke L, Lindstädt T, Gallinat C, Tietze JK, Emmert S, Thiem A. Prevalence of pathological skin-picking in dermatological patients. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:232-236. [PMID: 35066291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of pathological skin-picking (PSP) has predominantly been studied in students and the community, but not yet in dermatological patients. However, those may be at increased risk of PSP because it is often triggered by the feel or look of the skin. Thus, its prevalence among patients with a physician-diagnosed dermatological disease remains to be determined. METHODS A consecutive series of 460 adult patients attending a dermatological university outpatient clinic was administered the 8-item Skin Picking Scale-Revised (SPS-R). They also reported demographic data and rated the severity of their skin disease. The dermatologist evaluating the patient provided his/her diagnosis. RESULTS PSP as defined by SPS-R scores ≥7 was reported by 121 participants (26.3%). It was significantly more frequent in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD, OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.95-5.68) and psoriasis (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.00-2.67), but less frequent in those with malignant epithelial skin tumors (OR = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.02-0.43). PSP was not associated with female gender or younger age. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PSP affects about one in four patients with skin disease. In particular, individuals suffering from atopic dermatitis may represent a high-risk population for PSP deserving early recognition and adequate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Spitzer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Laura Lübke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tereza Lindstädt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Gallinat
- Center for Psychotherapy Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia K Tietze
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Thiem
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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7
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Ju Y, Li M, Lu X, Zhao C, Zhang C, Xie Z. Skin Picking in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis Patients: A Single-centre Cross-sectional Study in China. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 102:adv00629. [PMID: 34904682 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, NO. 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Malhotra S, Sivasubramanian R, Srivastava G. Evaluation and Management of Early Onset Genetic Obesity in Childhood. J Pediatr Genet 2021; 10:194-204. [PMID: 34504723 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One in five children and adolescents in the United States are diagnosed with obesity and nearly 6% of them are being classified under the severe obesity category. With over 7% of severe obesity being attributed to genetic disorders, in this review we aim to focus on monogenic and syndromic obesity: its etiology, wide spectrum of clinical presentation, criticalness of early identification, and limited management options. Advanced genetic testing methods including microarray and whole genome sequencing are imperative to identify the spectrum of mutations and develop targeted treatment strategies including personalized multidisciplinary care, use of investigational drugs, and explore surgical options in this unique subset of severe pediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Malhotra
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ramya Sivasubramanian
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gitanjali Srivastava
- Department of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Department of Surgery; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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9
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Ekore RI, Ekore JO. Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder among adolescents and young adults with acne-induced postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and scars. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1488-1493. [PMID: 33860536 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of health-related concerns, including skin disorders, are particularly common during the critical periods of adolescence and young adulthood. Their reactions to skin-related disorders can be different from their reactions to other disorders. While medical problems could be physiologically impacting, skin disorders like excoriation disorder can, in addition, directly affect their physical appearance in ways that have psychological consequences like anxiety, low self-esteem, and impaired quality of life. The increasing prevalence of excoriation disorder has resulted in its inclusion in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) manuals as one of the obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD)-related disorders. However, health care professionals may not often recognize this important entity especially among adolescents and young adults with acne vulgaris presenting with chronic or recurrent acne-induced postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and scars. A number of self-reported tools are available for use in screening and/or assessment of excoriation disorder and to aid its management. While both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies are available, patient education is important. Physicians who usually make first contact with patients, such as Family Medicine Physicians, Pediatricians, Dermatologists, and Aesthetic Medicine Physicians, should have a relatively high index of suspicion for this disorder, especially in those presenting rather frequently with new or repeat lesions. Prompt referral to licensed mental health specialists is encouraged in order to ensure the provision of holistic care to affected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabi I Ekore
- Family Medicine Unit, Medical and Clinical Services Department, Dhaman Centre for Primary Healthcare (Health Assurance Hospitals Company), Farwaniya, Kuwait
| | - John O Ekore
- Psychology Unit, Department of General Science and Maths, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mardani N, Mozafarpoor S, Goodarzi A, Nikkhah F. A systematic review of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acne vulgaris and acne-related associations and consequences: Focus on clinical studies. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14915. [PMID: 33629414 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic disorders affects people of all races and ethnicities and has many adverse effects on the quality of life. The increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has reduced the effectiveness of treatment with these agents. There is an increasing focus on the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of acne. This study investigates the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant in the treatment of acne vulgaris. This systematic review was conducted through a search in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, and Medline using keywords including acne vulgaris, anti and NAC, and all the keywords associated with each of the subtitles. The factors affecting the occurrence and expansion of acne include increased sebum synthesis, hyperkeratinization of pilosebaceous units, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes, and increased release of inflammatory mediators and ROS. Studies have shown that glutathione stimulation following the administration of NAC increases glutathione levels for the detoxification of oxygen-free radicals. Moreover, NAC prevents the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, MP9, and IL-1β and has shown antibacterial activities against important bacteria including E. coli, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella. This medication has anti-proliferative effects and is also used for excoriation and PCOD. The results of the present study showed the beneficial effects of using NAC in patients with acne vulgaris in terms of the disease complications and comorbidities. Given its diverse functional mechanisms, this medication can be used to treat acne and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Mardani
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mozafarpoor
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Nikkhah
- Department of Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Jafferany M, Mkhoyan R, Arora G, Sadoughifar R, Jorgaqi E, Goldust M. Treatment of skin picking disorder: Interdisciplinary role of dermatologist and psychiatrist. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13837. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafferany
- Division of Psychodermatology Central Michigan University Saginaw Michigan USA
| | | | - Gulhima Arora
- Division of Dermatology Mehektagul Skin Center New Delhi India
| | | | - Etleva Jorgaqi
- Division of Dermatology Mother Theressa Hospital Tirana Albania
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Division of Dermatology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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12
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Yeager V, Bogoyas M, Goubran B, Gonzalez L, Ferrer GF. Olanzapine as an Adjunct in the Management of Refractory Psychogenic Excoriation With Comorbid Schizophrenia: A Case Report. Cureus 2020; 12:e8772. [PMID: 32742822 PMCID: PMC7384453 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotic or psychogenic excoriation (PE) is one of the most commonly diagnosed skin disorders associated with a primary psychiatric condition. PE is characterized by excessive picking and scratching of normal-appearing skin, and is often comorbid or is an inherent manifestation of affective disturbance and psychosis itself in schizophrenia. Evidence in the literature has demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) in treating PE. Other pharmacological treatments that have shown therapeutic benefits in case reports include doxepin, clomipramine, naltrexone, pimozide, and olanzapine. However, using adjunct therapeutic methods or augmentation in the treatment of neurogenic excoriation in the setting of schizophrenia is still not well explored. In this study, we discuss the case of a 59-year-old medically complex paraplegic male with schizophrenia comorbid with severe refractory PE. The patient had poor adherence to psychopharmacological treatment. Consequently, the patient was repeatedly hospitalized due to acute exacerbations of schizophrenic episodes and self-mutilation due to PE. After several failed treatment approaches, olanzapine 10 mg PO BID was added as an adjunct therapy to the Haldol® Decanoate (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium) at a dosage of 100 mg/month intramuscularly to control the acute PE symptoms. This treatment modality proved successful in this case, and the patient has been free from PE relapse for over one year of close follow-up. Olanzapine along with Haldol Decanoate long-acting injectable (LAI), might, therefore, be a useful adjunct therapeutic modality for patients with refractory PE with a comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bishoy Goubran
- Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA
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13
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Skin Picking Successfully Treated With Atomoxetine in Comorbid Skin Picking and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Report. Clin Neuropharmacol 2020; 43:114-115. [PMID: 32541332 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
"Skin picking disorder" (SPD: also known as neurotic excoriation, psychogenic excoriation, or dermatillomania) is classified in the "obsessive-compulsive and related disorders" category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and characterized by unintentional, repetitive skin picking behaviors. Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this case report, we present a 9-year-old girl with the comorbid diagnosis of ADHD and SPD treated successfully with atomoxetine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of skin picking treated with atomoxetine in a patient with ADHD. We discussed possible explanations of mechanisms. Further studies are required on the effectiveness of atomoxetine for the treatment of SPD in the presence and absence of comorbid ADHD.
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14
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Skurya J, Jafferany M, Everett GJ. Habit reversal therapy in the management of body focused repetitive behavior disorders. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13811. [PMID: 32542916 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Body-focused repetitive behavior disorders are a group of disorders characterized by repetitive actions that include skin picking, hair pulling, nail biting, and other compulsions. These disorders can range from a common habit to a pathological disorder, that negatively impacts the psychiatric health and social well-being of an individual. Diagnosis can be made clinically, and monitored using different scales and assessments. Various treatments have been tried with differing successes. There are currently no first line curative medications for these disorders, but cognitive behavioral therapy has seen the most success in treatment. Specifically habit reversal therapy has shown the most promise in reducing the repetitive behaviors and symptoms seen in these disorders. Habit reversal therapy has also seen success through augmentation with additional therapies such as mindfulness, or treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in a patient with comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder. This paper aims to explore the efficacy of different treatment modalities specifically the effectiveness and approach of habit reversal therapy.
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15
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Abstract
"Skin picking disorder," also known as "dermatillomania" or "psychogenic excoriation," is classified in the "Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders" category in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and characterized by repetitive skin picking behaviors resulting in skin lesions. Atomoxetine (ATX) is a selective norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitor commonly used in the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Atomoxetine is considered to increase levels of noradrenaline and dopamine by inhibiting norepinephrine transporters. In this case report, we present an 8-year-old male attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patient with skin picking behavior due to ATX treatment. We discussed possible explanations of skin picking behavior with ATX in the light of the current literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report of skin picking due to ATX in literature, and further studies are needed to investigate the frequency and mechanisms of skin picking with ATX.
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Insights into recurrent body-focused repetitive behaviors: evidenced by New York Times commenters. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 312:629-634. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reddy YCJ, Sudhir PM, Manjula M, Arumugham SS, Narayanaswamy JC. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies in Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:S230-S250. [PMID: 32055066 PMCID: PMC7001348 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_773_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Paulomi M Sudhir
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Manjula
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Arumugham
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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18
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Patchy evidence in skin-picking disorder supports management with combined behavioural and drug treatments. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-019-00674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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