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Kalmuk J, Rinder D, Heltzel C, Lockhart AC. An overview of the preclinical discovery and development of trastuzumab deruxtecan: a novel gastric cancer therapeutic. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:427-436. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Kalmuk
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Walton Research Building, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Albert Craig Lockhart
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Walton Research Building, Charleston, SC, USA
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Trastuzumab Specific Epitope Evaluation as a Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer Patients. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120782. [PMID: 31779184 PMCID: PMC6995606 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) antibodies bind to the intracellular domain, trastuzumab binds to the extracellular epitope of HER2 receptor: target of drug action. We aimed to evaluate clinical significance of the new IHC method assessing the target of trastuzumab in gastric cancer (GC) patients and compare with conventional methods. Sixty-nine trastuzumab-treated GC patients were enrolled from two different cohorts. Additionally, we enrolled 528 consecutive GC patients to evaluate prognostic implications of HER2 test methods. HER2 status was assessed by trastuzumab IHC, HER2 IHC (4B5), and HER2 silver in situ hybridization (SISH). HER2 IHC showed 3+ in 48/69 trastuzumab-treated patients (69.6%), however, trastuzumab IHC showed 3+ in 25 (36.2%). Patients with trastuzumab IHC ≥2+ had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than their counterpart (p = 0.014). In univariate analysis, trastuzumab IHC ≥2+ and HER2 IHC 3+ were only significant predictive factors for OS in trastuzumab-treated patients. Of the 528 consecutive GCs, patients with trastuzumab IHC ≥2+ had shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and OS (p = 0.008 and 0.031, respectively), while conventional methods failed to reveal any significant survival differences. HER2 assessment by trastuzumab IHC was different from conventional HER2 test results. Trastuzumab IHC was suggested to be a significant predictive factor for trastuzumab responsiveness and prognostic factor for consecutive GCs.
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Zhu C, Yang Q, Xu J, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Xu D, Zhang Y, Zhao E, Zhao G. Somatic mutation of DNAH genes implicated higher chemotherapy response rate in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. J Transl Med 2019; 17:109. [PMID: 30944005 PMCID: PMC6448266 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dynein axonemal heavy chain (DNAH) family of genes encode the dynein axonemal heavy chain, which is involved in cell motility. Genomic variations of DNAH family members have been frequently reported in diverse kinds of malignant tumors. In this study, we analyzed the genomic database to evaluate the mutation status of DNAH genes in gastric adenocarcinoma and further identified the significance of mutant DNAH genes as effective molecular biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy response in gastric cancer patients. Methods We analyzed the clinical and genomic data of gastric cancer patients published in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. Data on chemotherapy response, overall survival (OS) and chemotherapy-free survival were retrieved. Then, we verified the results via targeted sequencing of gastric cancer patients with similar clinical characteristics but different chemotherapeutic outcomes. Results In total, 132 gastric adenocarcinoma patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment from TCGA were included in our study. Somatic mutations in all 13 members of the DNAH family of genes were associated with different chemotherapy responses. Compared with patients with wild-type DNAH genes (n = 59), a significantly higher proportion of those with mutations in DNAH genes (n = 73) (55.9% vs 80.8%) responded to chemotherapy (P = 0.002). Moreover, DNAH mutations were correlated with significantly better OS (P = 0.027), chemotherapy-free survival (P = 0.027), fluoropyrimidine-free survival (P = 0.048) and platinum-free survival (P = 0.014). DNAH mutation status was an independent risk factor for OS (P = 0.015), chemotherapy-free survival (P = 0.015) and platinum-free survival (P = 0.011). We identified somatic mutations in 27 (42.2%) of the 64 stage III gastric adenocarcinoma patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy by targeted exon sequencing with strict screening conditions. In our own cohort, a significantly higher proportion of patients (n = 32) with DNAH mutations than patients with wild-type DNAH genes (n = 32) had a good prognosis (OS > 48 months) (70.4% vs 35.1%) (P = 0.005). Conclusions Dynein axonemal heavy chain gene mutations contribute positively to chemotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1867-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Enhao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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Luo L, Liu H, Xi Q. Trastuzumab induces PUMA-dependent apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in gastric cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1911-1919. [PMID: 30524942 PMCID: PMC6275257 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Trastuzumab has been approved for the treatment of metastatic GC, gastroesophageal junction cancer, and breast cancer. However, the mechanisms involved in trastuzumab-induced GC cell apoptosis remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of trastuzumab-mediated suppression of GC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. We found that trastuzumab treatment induces p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression in GC cells, through the NF-κB pathway following AKT inhibition and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activation. We also observed that PUMA was necessary for trastuzumab-induced apoptosis in GC cells. Moreover, PUMA deficiency suppressed apoptosis and the antitumor effect of trastuzumab in xenograft models. Finally, computerized tomography (CT) and immunohistochemistry results showed that patients with increased activation of PUMA were more sensitive to trastuzumab treatment than those with low PUMA expression. These results indicate that trastuzumab induces PUMA-dependent apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in GC, suggesting that PUMA plays a critical role in mediating the antitumor effects of trastuzumab in GC. PUMA induction may be used as a marker of trastuzumab sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghe Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Qian Xi
- Department of Radiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Feng W, Zhu X. Efficacy prediction of targeted therapy for gastric cancer: The current status (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1238-1246. [PMID: 29901092 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), the prognosis remains poor and the mortality is high. Targeted drugs have been incorporated into routine treatment to improve treatment efficacy. However, the therapy response is still below 50%. Therefore, there is a need to identify predictive factors for patient response to a specific drug in order to improve the efficacy of drug therapy. The present article reviewed the predictive factors for target therapy in GC, including epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal receptor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor family, molecules in the mesenchymal‑epithelial transition pathway and the mammalian target of rapamycin. Additionally, the present review described the interactions between these molecules and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Protein Profiling Gastric Cancer and Neighboring Control Tissues Using High-Content Antibody Microarrays. MICROARRAYS 2016; 5:microarrays5030019. [PMID: 27600085 PMCID: PMC5040966 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays5030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, protein profiling was performed on gastric cancer tissue samples in order to identify proteins that could be utilized for an effective diagnosis of this highly heterogeneous disease and as targets for therapeutic approaches. To this end, 16 pairs of postoperative gastric adenocarcinomas and adjacent non-cancerous control tissues were analyzed on microarrays that contain 813 antibodies targeting 724 proteins. Only 17 proteins were found to be differentially regulated, with much fewer molecules than the numbers usually identified in studies comparing tumor to healthy control tissues. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), interleukin-10 (IL‐10) and mucin 6 (MUC6) exhibited the most profound variations. For an evaluation of the proteins’ capacity for discriminating gastric cancer, a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis was performed, yielding an accuracy (area under the curve) value of 89.2% for distinguishing tumor from non-tumorous tissue. For confirmation, immunohistological analyses were done on tissue slices prepared from another cohort of patients with gastric cancer. The utility of the 17 marker proteins, and particularly the four molecules with the highest specificity for gastric adenocarcinoma, is discussed for them to act as candidates for diagnosis, even in serum, and targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Lianos GD, Bali CD, Glantzounis GK, Katsios C, Roukos DH. BMI and lymph node ratio may predict clinical outcomes of gastric cancer. Future Oncol 2014; 10:249-55. [PMID: 24490611 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM BMI and the lymph node (LN) ratio can affect short- and long-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer. PATIENTS & METHODS This study includes 104 consecutive patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative gastrectomy divided in two groups: overweight group (group A) and normal weight group (group B). RESULTS We found that 53.4% of our patients were overweight (group A). The overall rate of postoperative complications was 16.3%, while mortality was 1%. Statistical analyses revealed that postoperative morbidity was significantly higher in group A (p < 0.05). Long-term survival was significantly higher in group B. Cox regression showed a statistically significant correlation between higher BMI and poor long-term survival after curative gastrectomy. Multivariate analysis has identified age and the LN ratios as independent prognostic factors of survival. CONCLUSION In this retrospective analysis, BMI and LN ratio were independently associated with survival in patients with gastric cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Lianos
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, St. Niarchou Av, Ioannina 451 10, Greece
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Higgins PA, Brady A, Dobbs SP, Salto-Tellez M, Maxwell P, McCluggage WG. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) status in ovarian adult granulosa cell tumours. Histopathology 2013; 64:633-8. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Higgins
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University Belfast; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Aidan Brady
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Stephen P Dobbs
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University Belfast; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Perry Maxwell
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University Belfast; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
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