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Bozdag M, Mertens F, Matheeussen A, Van Pelt N, Foubert K, Hermans N, De Meyer GRY, Augustyns K, Martinet W, Caljon G, Van der Veken P. Design and Synthesis of 1,3-Diarylpyrazoles and Investigation of Their Cytotoxicity and Antiparasitic Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4693. [PMID: 38731916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a series of 1,3-diarylpyrazoles that are analogues of compound 26/HIT 8. We previously identified this molecule as a 'hit' during a high-throughput screening campaign for autophagy inducers. A variety of synthetic strategies were utilized to modify the 1,3-diarylpyrazole core at its 1-, 3-, and 4-position. Compounds were assessed in vitro to identify their cytotoxicity properties. Of note, several compounds in the series displayed relevant cytotoxicity, which warrants scrutiny while interpreting biological activities that have been reported for structurally related molecules. In addition, antiparasitic activities were recorded against a range of human-infective protozoa, including Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei rhodesiense, and Leishmania infantum. The most interesting compounds displayed low micromolar whole-cell potencies against individual or several parasitic species, while lacking cytotoxicity against human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bozdag
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Freke Mertens
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Natascha Van Pelt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis-Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis-Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
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Wang YT, Yang PC, Zhang YF, Sun JF. Synthesis and clinical application of new drugs approved by FDA in 2023. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116124. [PMID: 38183778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to a total of 55 new drugs, comprising 29 new chemical entities (NCEs) and 25 new biological entities (NBEs). These drugs primarily focus on oncology, the central nervous system, anti-infection, hematology, cardiovascular, ophthalmology, immunomodulatory and other therapeutic areas. Out of the 55 drugs, 33 (60 %) underwent an accelerated review process and received approval, while 25 (45 %) were specifically approved for the treatment of rare diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical uses and production techniques of 29 newly FDA-approved NCEs in 2023. Our intention is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the synthetic approaches employed in the creation of these drug molecules, with the aim of inspiring the development of novel, efficient, and applicable synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
| | - Peng-Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Shangqiu Municipal Hospital, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Anwar S, Yokota T. Navigating the Complex Landscape of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: From Current Paradigms to Therapeutic Frontiers. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2162. [PMID: 38136984 PMCID: PMC10742611 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an enigmatic, ultra-rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification, wherein soft connective tissues undergo pathological transformation into bone structures. This incapacitating process severely limits patient mobility and poses formidable challenges for therapeutic intervention. Predominantly caused by missense mutations in the ACVR1 gene, this disorder has hitherto defied comprehensive mechanistic understanding and effective treatment paradigms. This write-up offers a comprehensive overview of the contemporary understanding of FOP's complex pathobiology, underscored by advances in molecular genetics and proteomic studies. We delve into targeted therapy, spanning genetic therapeutics, enzymatic and transcriptional modulation, stem cell therapies, and innovative immunotherapies. We also highlight the intricate complexities surrounding clinical trial design for ultra-rare disorders like FOP, addressing fundamental statistical limitations, ethical conundrums, and methodological advancements essential for the success of interventional studies. We advocate for the adoption of a multi-disciplinary approach that converges bench-to-bedside research, clinical expertise, and ethical considerations to tackle the challenges of ultra-rare diseases like FOP and comparable ultra-rare diseases. In essence, this manuscript serves a dual purpose: as a definitive scientific resource for ongoing and future FOP research and a call to action for innovative solutions to address methodological and ethical challenges that impede progress in the broader field of medical research into ultra-rare conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
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Pogoda HM, Riedl-Quinkertz I, Hammerschmidt M. Direct BMP signaling to chordoblasts is required for the initiation of segmented notochord sheath mineralization in zebrafish vertebral column development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1107339. [PMID: 37223044 PMCID: PMC10200950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebral column, with the centra as its iteratively arranged building blocks, represents the anatomical key feature of the vertebrate phylum. In contrast to amniotes, where vertebrae are formed from chondrocytes and osteoblasts deriving from the segmentally organized neural crest or paraxial sclerotome, teleost vertebral column development is initiated by chordoblasts of the primarily unsegmented axial notochord, while sclerotomal cells only contribute to later steps of vertebrae formation. Yet, for both mammalian and teleostean model systems, unrestricted signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) or retinoic acid (RA) has been reported to cause fusions of vertebral elements, while the interplay of the two signaling processes and their exact cellular targets remain largely unknown. Here, we address this interplay in zebrafish, identifying BMPs as potent and indispensable factors that, as formerly shown for RA, directly signal to notochord epithelial cells/chordoblasts to promote entpd5a expression and thereby metameric notochord sheath mineralization. In contrast to RA, however, which promotes sheath mineralization at the expense of further collagen secretion and sheath formation, BMP defines an earlier transitory stage of chordoblasts, characterized by sustained matrix production/col2a1 expression and concomitant matrix mineralization/entpd5a expression. BMP-RA epistasis analyses further indicate that RA can only affect chordoblasts and their further progression to merely mineralizing cells after they have received BMP signals to enter the transitory col2a1/entpd5a double-positive stage. This way, both signals ensure consecutively for proper mineralization of the notochord sheath within segmented sections along its anteroposterior axis. Our work sheds further light onto the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate early steps of vertebral column segmentation in teleosts. Similarities and differences to BMP's working mechanisms during mammalian vertebral column formation and the pathomechanisms underlying human bone diseases such as Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) caused by constitutively active BMP signaling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Martin Pogoda
- Institute of Zoology – Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris Riedl-Quinkertz
- Institute of Zoology – Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology – Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Chan JCK, Kuong EE, Chan JPK, Luk HM, Fung JLF, Tung JYL, Chung BHY. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in Hong Kong-A case report series. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1152731. [PMID: 37181433 PMCID: PMC10167838 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1152731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare condition. The diagnosis could be challenging due to its rarity and non-specific presenting symptoms. However, early diagnosis and appropriate management help in preserving patients' function and quality of life. Herein, we report the diagnostic journeys and clinical courses of 8 patients with FOP in Hong Kong and illustrate the challenges involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Chun Ki Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Evelyn Eugenie Kuong
- Skeletal Dysplasia Joint Clinic, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Pui Kwan Chan
- Skeletal Dysplasia Joint Clinic, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Radiology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Ming Luk
- Clinical Genetics Service Unit, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jasmine Lee Fong Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joanna Yuet-ling Tung
- Skeletal Dysplasia Joint Clinic, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Hon Yin Chung
- Skeletal Dysplasia Joint Clinic, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ni T, Xie F, Hao Y, Li L, Zhu S, Wu H, Chi X, Yan L, Jiang Y, Zhang D. Discovery of Novel Orally Bioavailable Triazoles with Potent and Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16665-16678. [PMID: 36512715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In our continuing efforts to discover novel triazoles with improved antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo, a series of 41 novel compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole side chains were designed and synthesized via a click reaction based on our previous work. Most of the compounds showed moderate to excellent broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro. Among them, the most promising compound 9A16 displayed excellent antifungal and anti-drug-resistant fungal ability (MIC80 = 0.0156-8 μg/mL). In addition, compound 9A16 showed powerful in vivo efficacy on mice systematically infected with Candida albicans SC5314, Cryptococcus neoformans H99, fluconazole-resistant C. albicans 100, and Aspergillus fumigatus 7544. Moreover, compared to fluconazole, compound 9A16 showed better in vitro anti-biofilm activity and was more difficult to induce drug resistance in a 1 month induction of resistance assay in C. albicans. With favorable pharmacokinetics, an acceptable safety profile, and high potency in vitro and in vivo, compound 9A16 is currently under preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yumeng Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaochen Chi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Pulik Ł, Mierzejewski B, Sibilska A, Grabowska I, Ciemerych MA, Łęgosz P, Brzóska E. The role of miRNA and lncRNA in heterotopic ossification pathogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:523. [PMID: 36522666 PMCID: PMC9753082 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of bone in non-osseous tissues, such as skeletal muscles. The HO could have a genetic or a non-genetic (acquired) background, that is, it could be caused by musculoskeletal trauma, such as burns, fractures, joint arthroplasty (traumatic HO), or cerebral or spinal insult (neurogenetic HO). HO formation is caused by the differentiation of stem or progenitor cells induced by local or systemic imbalances. The main factors described so far in HO induction are TGFβ1, BMPs, activin A, oncostatin M, substance P, neurotrophin-3, and WNT. In addition, dysregulation of noncoding RNAs, such as microRNA or long noncoding RNA, homeostasis may play an important role in the development of HO. For example, decreased expression of miRNA-630, which is responsible for the endothelial-mesenchymal transition, was observed in HO patients. The reduced level of miRNA-421 in patients with humeral fracture was shown to be associated with overexpression of BMP2 and a higher rate of HO occurrence. Down-regulation of miRNA-203 increased the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a crucial regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Thus, understanding the various functions of noncoding RNAs can reveal potential targets for the prevention or treatment of HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pulik
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Mierzejewski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sibilska
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Anna Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Łęgosz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Brzóska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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Li G, Cheng Y, Han C, Song C, Huang N, Du Y. Pyrazole-containing pharmaceuticals: target, pharmacological activity, and their SAR studies. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1300-1321. [PMID: 36439976 PMCID: PMC9667768 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole is a five-membered heterocycle bearing two adjacent nitrogen atoms. Both pharmaceutical agents and natural products with pyrazole as a nucleus have exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities. In the last few decades, more than 40 pyrazole-containing drugs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of a broad range of clinical conditions including celecoxib (anti-inflammatory), CDPPB (antipsychotic), difenamizole (analgesic), etc. Owing to the unique physicochemical properties of the pyrazole core, pyrazole-containing drugs may exert better pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects compared with drugs containing similar heterocyclic rings. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of all the existing drugs bearing a pyrazole nucleus that have been approved or in clinical trials, involving their pharmacological activities and SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yifu Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chi Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qing Dao City Shandong Province 266237 China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institution of Biological Sciences Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park Beijing 102206 China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Yunfei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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