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Zhang X, Hu F, Li J, Chen L, Mao YF, Li QB, Nie CY, Lin C, Xiao J. IGF-1 inhibits inflammation and accelerates angiogenesis via Ras/PI3K/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathways to promote wound healing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 200:106847. [PMID: 38972611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been reported to promote wound healing through regulation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Despite the existing studies of IGF-1 on VEC and its role in angiogenesis, the mechanisms regarding anti-inflammatory and angiogenetic effects of IGF-1 remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the wound-healing process and the related signaling pathway of IGF-1 using an inflammation model induced by IFN-γ. The results demonstrated that IGF-1 can increase cell proliferation, suppress inflammation in VECs, and promote angiogenesis. In vivo studies further confirmed that IGF-1 can reduce inflammation, enhance vascular regeneration, and improve re-epithelialization and collagen deposition in acute wounds. Importantly, the Ras/PI3K/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathways was identified as the mechanisms through which IGF-1 exerts its anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects. These findings contribute to the understanding of IGF-1's role in wound healing and may have implications for the development of new wound treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Burn, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Fei Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiu-Bo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Burn, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chen-Yao Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Cai Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Burn, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Burn, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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2
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Bai YR, Seng DJ, Xu Y, Zhang YD, Zhou WJ, Jia YY, Song J, He ZX, Liu HM, Yuan S. A comprehensive review of small molecule drugs approved by the FDA in 2023: Advances and prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116706. [PMID: 39053188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved 55 novel medications, consisting of 17 biologics license applications and 38 new molecular entities. Although the biologics license applications including antibody and enzyme replacement therapy set a historical record, the new molecular entities comprising small molecule drugs, diagnostic agent, RNA interference therapy and biomacromolecular peptide still account for over 50 % of the newly approved medications. The novel and privileged scaffolds derived from drugs, active molecules and natural products are consistently associated with the discovery of new mechanisms, the expansion of clinical indications and the reduction of side effects. Moreover, the structural modifications based on the promising scaffolds can provide the clinical candidates with the improved biological activities, bypass the patent protection and greatly shorten the period of new drug discovery. Therefore, conducting an appraisal of drug approval experience and related information will expedite the identification of more potent drug molecules. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the pertinent information encompassing the clinical application, mechanism, elegant design and development processes of 28 small molecule drugs, and expected to provide the promising structural basis and design inspiration for pharmaceutical chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Bai
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dong-Jie Seng
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yao-Dong Zhang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhou
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yang-Yang Jia
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhang-Xu He
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Audouard E, Khefif N, Gillet-Legrand B, Nobilleau F, Bouazizi O, Stanga S, Despres G, Alves S, Lamazière A, Cartier N, Piguet F. Modulation of Brain Cholesterol Metabolism through CYP46A1 Overexpression for Rett Syndrome. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:756. [PMID: 38931878 PMCID: PMC11207948 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutation in the X-linked gene methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (Mecp2), a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator. RTT results in mental retardation and developmental regression that affects approximately 1 in 10,000 females. Currently, there is no curative treatment for RTT. Thus, it is crucial to develop new therapeutic approaches for children suffering from RTT. Several studies suggested that RTT is linked with defects in cholesterol homeostasis, but for the first time, therapeutic evaluation is carried out by modulating this pathway. Moreover, AAV-based CYP46A1 overexpression, the enzyme involved in cholesterol pathway, has been demonstrated to be efficient in several neurodegenerative diseases. Based on these data, we strongly believe that CYP46A1 could be a relevant therapeutic target for RTT. Herein, we evaluated the effects of intravenous AAVPHP.eB-hCYP46A1-HA delivery in male and female Mecp2-deficient mice. The applied AAVPHP.eB-hCYP46A1 transduced essential neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). CYP46A1 overexpression alleviates behavioral alterations in both male and female Mecp2 knockout mice and extends the lifespan in Mecp2-deficient males. Several parameters related to cholesterol pathway are improved and correction of mitochondrial activity is demonstrated in treated mice, which highlighted the clear therapeutic benefit of CYP46A1 through the neuroprotection effect. IV delivery of AAVPHP.eB-CYP46A1 is perfectly well tolerated with no inflammation observed in the CNS of the treated mice. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that CYP46A1 is a relevant target and overexpression could alleviate the phenotype of Rett patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Audouard
- TIDU GENOV, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France;
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France (B.G.-L.); (S.A.)
| | - Nicolas Khefif
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France (B.G.-L.); (S.A.)
| | - Béatrix Gillet-Legrand
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France (B.G.-L.); (S.A.)
| | - Fanny Nobilleau
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France (B.G.-L.); (S.A.)
| | - Ouafa Bouazizi
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France (B.G.-L.); (S.A.)
| | - Serena Stanga
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Gaëtan Despres
- Saint Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMR 938, Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Hôpital Saint Antoine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sandro Alves
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France (B.G.-L.); (S.A.)
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- Saint Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMR 938, Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Hôpital Saint Antoine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Cartier
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France (B.G.-L.); (S.A.)
| | - Françoise Piguet
- TIDU GENOV, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France;
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France (B.G.-L.); (S.A.)
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Kayki-Mutlu G, Aksoyalp ZS, Wojnowski L, Michel MC. A year in pharmacology: new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2023. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2949-2970. [PMID: 38530400 PMCID: PMC11074039 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
With 54 new drugs and seven cellular and gene therapy products, the approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recovered 2023 from the 2022 dent back to the levels of 2020-2021. As in previous years of this annual review, we assign these new drugs to one of three levels of innovation: first drug against a condition ("first-in-indication"), first drug using a novel molecular mechanism ("first-in-class"), and "next-in-class," i.e., a drug using an already exploited molecular mechanism. We identify four (7%) "first-in-indication," 22 (36%) "first-in-class," and 35 (57%) "next-in-class" drugs. By treatment area, rare diseases (54%) and cancer drugs (23%) were once again the most prevalent (and partly overlapping) therapeutic areas. Other continuing trends were the use of accelerated regulatory approval pathways and the reliance on biopharmaceuticals (biologics). 2023 marks the approval of a first therapy based on CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kayki-Mutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Zinnet Sevval Aksoyalp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Leszek Wojnowski
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55118, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55118, Mainz, Germany.
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You Y, Chen Z, Hu WW. The role of microglia heterogeneity in synaptic plasticity and brain disorders: Will sequencing shed light on the discovery of new therapeutic targets? Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108606. [PMID: 38346477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in interacting with neuronal synapses and modulating synaptic plasticity. This function is particularly significant during postnatal development, as microglia are responsible for removing excessive synapses to prevent neurodevelopmental deficits. Dysregulation of microglial synaptic function has been well-documented in various pathological conditions, notably Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. The recent application of RNA sequencing has provided a powerful and unbiased means to decipher spatial and temporal microglial heterogeneity. By identifying microglia with varying gene expression profiles, researchers have defined multiple subgroups of microglia associated with specific pathological states, including disease-associated microglia, interferon-responsive microglia, proliferating microglia, and inflamed microglia in multiple sclerosis, among others. However, the functional roles of these distinct subgroups remain inadequately characterized. This review aims to refine our current understanding of the potential roles of heterogeneous microglia in regulating synaptic plasticity and their implications for various brain disorders, drawing from recent sequencing research and functional studies. This knowledge may aid in the identification of pathogenetic biomarkers and potential factors contributing to pathogenesis, shedding new light on the discovery of novel drug targets. The field of sequencing-based data mining is evolving toward a multi-omics approach. With advances in viral tools for precise microglial regulation and the development of brain organoid models, we are poised to elucidate the functional roles of microglial subgroups detected through sequencing analysis, ultimately identifying valuable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi You
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wang YT, Yang PC, Zhang YF, Sun JF. Synthesis and clinical application of new drugs approved by FDA in 2023. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116124. [PMID: 38183778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to a total of 55 new drugs, comprising 29 new chemical entities (NCEs) and 25 new biological entities (NBEs). These drugs primarily focus on oncology, the central nervous system, anti-infection, hematology, cardiovascular, ophthalmology, immunomodulatory and other therapeutic areas. Out of the 55 drugs, 33 (60 %) underwent an accelerated review process and received approval, while 25 (45 %) were specifically approved for the treatment of rare diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical uses and production techniques of 29 newly FDA-approved NCEs in 2023. Our intention is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the synthetic approaches employed in the creation of these drug molecules, with the aim of inspiring the development of novel, efficient, and applicable synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
| | - Peng-Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Shangqiu Municipal Hospital, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ekström C, Ortenlöf N, Kristiansson A, Holmqvist B, Jungner Å, Vallius S, Wang X, Hellström A, Barton N, Carey G, Ley D, Gram M. Evaluation of recombinant human IGF-1/IGFBP-3 on intraventricular hemorrhage prevention and survival in the preterm rabbit pup model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19847. [PMID: 37963901 PMCID: PMC10645867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for normal brain development and regulates processes of vascular maturation. The pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) relates to the fragility of the immature capillaries in the germinal matrix, and its inability to resist fluctuations in cerebral blood flow. In this work, using different experimental setups, we aimed to (i) establish an optimal time-point for glycerol-induction of IVH in relation to time-point of recombinant human (rh) IGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 administration, and (ii) to evaluate the effects of a physiologic replacement dose of rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 on prevention of IVH and survival in the preterm rabbit pup. The presence of IVH was evaluated using high-frequency ultrasound and post-mortem examinations. In the first part of the study, the highest incidence of IVH (> 60%), occurred when glycerol was administered at the earliest timepoint, e.g., 6 h after birth. At later time-points (18 and 24 h) the incidence decreased substantially. In the second part of the study, the incidence of IVH and mortality rate following rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 administration was not statistically different compared to vehicle treated animals. To evaluate the importance of maintaining intrauterine serum levels of IGF-1 following preterm birth, as reported in human interventional studies, additional studies are needed to further characterize and establish the potential of rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 in reducing the prevalence of IVH and improving survival in the preterm rabbit pup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Ekström
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Ortenlöf
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amanda Kristiansson
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Åsa Jungner
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Suvi Vallius
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Norman Barton
- Scientific Advisory Board, Oak Hill Bio Ltd, WA14 2DT, UK
| | | | - David Ley
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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