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Akatsu H, Manabe T, Kawade Y, Tanaka H, Kanematsu T, Arakawa K, Masaki Y, Hishida C, Kanesaka T, Ogawa N, Hashizume Y, Tsuneyama K, Ohara H, Maruyama M, Yamamoto T. Iron deposition in autopsied liver specimens from older patients receiving intravenous iron infusion. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237104. [PMID: 32750083 PMCID: PMC7402501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamins and minerals are routinely administered by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). However, in Japan, adjustments in iron dosage are difficult because blended mineral preparations are often used. It is therefore unclear whether the iron content is appropriate in cases of long-term TPN. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of iron administration by long-term TPN on iron deposition in post-mortem liver samples isolated from older deceased patients. Methods Liver tissues were collected from post-mortem autopsies of 187 patients over a period of 15 years. Samples were stained with Prussian blue and histologically evaluated from Grade 0–V by at least three different observers. Specimens with positive and negative iron staining were compared, and positive samples were grouped according to the level and distribution of the staining. Post-mortem blood obtained from the subclavian vein during autopsy was also analysed. Samples were collected for the measurement of unsaturated serum iron, serum iron, albumin, prealbumin, hepcidin, and IL-6 concentrations. Results Iron accumulation in the liver was significantly higher in male patients (p = 0.005) with a history of surgery (p = 0.044) or central vein administration of iron (p<0.001). Additionally, the duration of TPN in the iron-positive group was significantly longer than in the iron-negative group (p = 0.038). Serum analysis revealed that unsaturated serum iron was significantly higher in the iron-negative group and that ferritin and serum iron were significantly higher in the iron-positive group. No other statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusions Chronic intravenous administration of iron was associated with iron deposition in the liver, even when given the minimum recommended dosage. In long-term TPN patients, the iron dose should therefore be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Toshie Manabe
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center of Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawade
- Department of Community-based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Community-based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kanematsu
- Department of Community-based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Arakawa
- Department of Community-based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Masaki
- Department of Community-based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ohara
- Department of Community-based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Burton JK, Yates LC, Whyte L, Fitzsimons E, Stott DJ. New horizons in iron deficiency anaemia in older adults. Age Ageing 2020; 49:309-318. [PMID: 32103233 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is common in older adults and associated with a range of adverse outcomes. Differentiating iron deficiency from other causes of anaemia is important to ensure appropriate investigations and treatment. It is possible to make the diagnosis reliably using simple blood tests. Clinical evaluation and assessment are required to help determine the underlying cause and to initiate appropriate investigations. IDA in men and post-menopausal females is most commonly due to occult gastrointestinal blood loss until proven otherwise, although there is a spectrum of underlying causative pathologies. Investigation decisions should take account of the wishes of the patient and their competing comorbidities, individualising the approach. Management involves supplementation using oral or intravenous (IV) iron then consideration of treatment of the underlying cause of deficiency. Future research areas are outlined including the role of Hepcidin and serum soluble transferrin receptor measurement, quantitative faecal immunochemical testing, alternative dosing regimens and the potential role of IV iron preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kirsty Burton
- Academic Section of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke C Yates
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lindsay Whyte
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Edward Fitzsimons
- Department of Haematology, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - David J Stott
- Academic Section of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Soiza RL, Donaldson AIC, Myint PK. The pale evidence for treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia in older people. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2018; 9:259-261. [PMID: 29854388 DOI: 10.1177/2042098618769568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roy L Soiza
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Consultant Geriatrician & Honorary Senior Lecturer
| | - Alison I C Donaldson
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen SCREDS Clinical Lecturer & Specialty Registrar in Geriatric Medicine & General Internal Medicine
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Room 4.013, Polwarth Building, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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