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Balkhi B, Alghamdi A, Alqahtani S, Al Najjar M, Al Harbi A, Bin Traiki T. Colorectal cancer-related resource utilization and healthcare costs in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101822. [PMID: 38023384 PMCID: PMC10630777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia. Although numerous studies worldwide have investigated the economic burden of colorectal cancer the information specific to Saudi Arabia remains limited. While advanced cancer treatments offer substantial benefits, they they also come with substantial financial challenges. Objective This study aimed to estimate the economic burden of colorectal cancer and identify the primary cost drivers. Method This retrospective, single-center cost of illness study examined all patients with colorectal cancer from January 2017 to December 2020. This study used a micro-costing, bottom-up approach to estimate healthcare resource utilization and direct medical costs associated with colorectal cancer. Result The study included 326 patients with colorectal cancer. The total direct medical cost for all patients were $19 million, with an annual cost per patient of $58,384. Medication costs were the primary driver of healthcare spending (45%) of the total cost, followed by surgical costs (27%). This study explained cost associated with colorectal cancer, which represents a significant cost to the Saudi healthcare budget. The expected growth and aging of the population and availability of costly treatments may lead to an increase in costs. These findings are valuable for healthcare policymakers seeking to comprehend the economic challenges posed by colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bander Balkhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Al Najjar
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al Harbi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Bin Traiki
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
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Matsumoto K, Hatakeyama Y, Seto K, Onishi R, Hirata K, Wu Y, Hasegawa T. Cost of illness for colorectal cancer in Japan - a time trend and future projections (1996-2035) based on governmental statistics. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:888. [PMID: 37608367 PMCID: PMC10463985 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, the crude mortality rate of colorectal cancer is the second highest among men and highest among women by site. We aimed to calculate the social burden of colorectal cancer using the cost of illness (COI) method and identify the main factors that drove changes in the COI. METHODS From 1996 to 2020, the COI was estimated by summing direct, morbidity, and mortality costs. In addition, the COI by 2035 was projected by fitting approximate curves obtained from historical data to health-related indicators by sex and age. Future projections of the number of patients by the stage of disease were also made to explore the factors that changed the COI. RESULTS The number of deaths and incidence from colorectal cancer was expected to continue increasing due to population aging. However, the COI was projected to rise from 850.3 billion yen in 1996 to 1.451 trillion yen in 2020, and peaked at 1.478 trillion yen in 2023 before it declined. CONCLUSION Although the increased number of deaths associated with population aging increased COI, it was expected that the COI would decrease around 2023 due to a decrease in the human capital value of the deceased. In addition, the mortality rate was expected to decrease in the future due to an increase in the percentage of early detection of colorectal cancer via widespread screening and advances in medical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunichika Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hatakeyama
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kanako Seto
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Ryo Onishi
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Koki Hirata
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yinghui Wu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomonori Hasegawa
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
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Vichos T, Rezaie A, Vichos P, Cash B, Pimentel M. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Polyps and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:2585-2596. [PMID: 36871131 PMCID: PMC10188394 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in the US. Several factors are associated with increased/decreased CRC risk and often linked to adenomatous colorectal polyps (CRP). Recent studies suggest a lower risk of neoplastic lesions among irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. We aimed to systematically assess the occurrence of CRC and CRP in IBS patients. METHODS Searches of the Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were performed, blindly and independently, by two investigators. Studies of CRC or CRP incidence in IBS patients (diagnosed by Rome or other symptom-based criteria) were eligible for inclusion. CRC and CRP effect estimates were pooled in meta-analyses using random models. RESULTS Of 4941 non-duplicate studies, 14 were included, comprising 654,764 IBS patients and 2,277,195 controls in 8 cohort studies, and 26,641 IBS patients and 87,803 controls in 6 cross-sectional studies. Pooled analysis revealed a significantly decreased prevalence of CRP in IBS subjects vs. controls, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 (95% CI (0.15, 0.54)). There was significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 96%, p < 0.01). This finding persisted when studies which did not report pre-cancerous polyps separately were excluded (OR 0.23, 95% CI (0.15, 0.35), I2 = 85%, p < 0.01). CRC prevalence was lower in IBS subjects, but this did not reach statistical significance (OR 0.40, 95% CI (0.09, 1.77]). CONCLUSION Our analyses reveal a decreased incidence of colorectal polyps in IBS, although CRC did not reach significance. Mechanistic studies with detailed genotypic analysis and clinical phenotyping are needed to better elucidate the potentially protective effect of IBS on CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Vichos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Petros Vichos
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Brooks Cash
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, USA.
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Treatment Costs of Colorectal Cancer by Sex and Age: Population-Based Study on Health Insurance Data from Germany. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153836. [PMID: 35954499 PMCID: PMC9367511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Evidence on the cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in the German general population remains scarce as key input parameters, the costs to treat CRC, are largely unknown. Here, we provide detailed estimates on CRC treatment costs over time. Methods: Using insurance claims data from the Vilua healthcare research database, we included subjects with newly diagnosed CRC and subjects who died of CRC between 2012 and 2016. We assessed annualized CRC-related inpatient, outpatient and medication costs for up to five years after first diagnosis and prior to death, stratified by sex and age. Findings: We identified 1748 and 1117 subjects with follow-up data for at least 1 year after diagnosis and prior to death, respectively. In those newly diagnosed, average costs were highest in the first year after diagnosis (men, EUR 16,375−16,450; women, EUR 10,071−13,250) and dropped steeply in the following years, with no consistent pattern of differences with respect to age. Costs prior to death were substantially higher as compared to the initial phase of care and consistently on a high level even several years before death, peaking in the final year of life, with strong differences by sex and age (men vs. women, <70 years, EUR 34,351 vs. EUR 31,417; ≥70 years, EUR 14,463 vs. EUR 9930). Conclusion: Once clinically manifest, CRC causes substantial treatment costs over time, particularly in the palliative care setting. Strong differences in treatment costs by sex and age warrant further investigation.
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Davidoff AJ, Akif K, Halpern MT. Research on the Economics of Cancer-Related Health Care: An Overview of the Review Literature. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2022; 2022:12-20. [PMID: 35788372 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We reviewed current literature reviews regarding economics of cancer-related health care to identify focus areas and gaps. We searched PubMed for systematic and other reviews with the Medical Subject Headings "neoplasms" and "economics" published between January 1, 2010, and April 1, 2020, identifying 164 reviews. Review characteristics were abstracted and described. The majority (70.7%) of reviews focused on cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analyses. Few reviews addressed other types of cancer health economic studies. More than two-thirds of the reviews examined cancer treatments, followed by screening (15.9%) and survivorship or end-of-life (13.4%). The plurality of reviews (28.7%) cut across cancer site, followed by breast (20.7%), colorectal (11.6%), and gynecologic (8.5%) cancers. Specific topics addressed cancer screening modalities, novel therapies, pain management, or exercise interventions during survivorship. The results indicate that reviews do not regularly cover other phases of care or topics including financial hardship, policy, and measurement and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Davidoff
- Healthcare Assessment Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kaitlin Akif
- Office of the Associate Director, Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael T Halpern
- Healthcare Assessment Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Chen L, Shi H, Wang X, Wang T, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhang W, Chen H, Zhong M, Mao X, Shi X, Li Q. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G) is correlated with poor prognosis and promotes tumor cell growth by inhibiting caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 916:174727. [PMID: 34965388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G), a member of orphan nuclear receptors, is up-regulated and functions as an oncoprotein in a variety of tumors. Recent advances in understanding the biologic function and action mechanism of HNF4G in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we observed that HNF4G expression levels were significantly increased in CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and HNF4G overexpression correlated with worse prognosis in colorectal cancer. Transfection with a small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting HNF4G in HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro. In contrast, overexpression of HNF4G increased cell proliferation and decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Moreover, we discovered that HNF4G was involved in CRC cell apoptosis via the caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway. Finally, knockdown of HNF4G expression led to attenuated colorectal cancer growth and promoted apoptosis in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, these results indicate that HNF4G exerts as an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer and provides a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huanying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Nejati M, Razavi M, Harirchi I, Zanganeh M, Salari G, Tabatabaee SM. Resource Use and Costs Associated to the Initial Phase of Treatment for Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Post-Surgery Chemotherapy: A Cost Analysis from a Healthcare Perspective. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:1887-1896. [PMID: 34722385 PMCID: PMC8542811 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i9.7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: To estimate the resource use and costs associated to the initial phase of treatment for colorectal cancer in Iran. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using routinely collected data within Electronic Health Records System (SEPAS), a national database representing public hospitals in Iran between March 20, 2016 and March 19, 2017. Primary end points included healthcare resource use, direct medical and non-medical costs of care in the 12-month study period. Results: The study population included 657 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery and the follow-up chemotherapy. We estimated a total direct cost of $21,407 per patient. The results indicated that direct medical costs were primarily driven by inpatient hospital care, followed by surgery, chemotherapy, and diagnostic services. Conclusion: The initial 12-month of treatment for colorectal cancer, including surgery and the follow-up chemotherapy, is resource intensive. The total direct costs associated to the disease are remarkable, with Inpatient hospital services being the main contributor followed by surgery and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nejati
- The Cancer Institute at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moaven Razavi
- The Schneider Institutes for Health Policy at the Heller School of Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Iraj Harirchi
- The Cancer Institute at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zanganeh
- Deputy of Medical Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Salari
- Iran Small Businesses and Industrial Parks Organization, Qazvin, Iran
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First-Year Healthcare Resource Utilization Costs of Five Major Cancers in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189447. [PMID: 34574371 PMCID: PMC8466127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reports on the expenditure of cancer treatments per patient using comprehensive data remain unavailable in Japan. This study aimed to use Japan’s cancer registry data and health service utilization data for evaluating the disease-specific, per-patient costs of five major cancers—stomach, lung, colorectal, liver, and breast cancers. We used a database linking the 2017 data from a hospital-based cancer registry and the health service utilization data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination survey. All patients who started their first treatment course at each hospital were included. The costs were calculated using the total volume of the health services provided and the unit fee information included in the data. We analyzed 304,698 patients. Lung cancer had the highest healthcare cost per-patient for the first year of diagnosis and the longest median hospitalization duration. Conversely, breast cancer showed the lowest cost and the shortest median hospitalization duration. However, in the first month after diagnosis, colorectal cancer showed the highest cost. Subsequently, the gaps between the costs of the five common cancers drastically diminished. The cancer type having the longest hospitalization duration had the highest overall healthcare resource utilization costs. This information is essential for care planning and research studies.
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García-Pérez L, Linertová R, Valcárcel-Nazco C, Posada M, Gorostiza I, Serrano-Aguilar P. Cost-of-illness studies in rare diseases: a scoping review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:178. [PMID: 33849613 PMCID: PMC8045199 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this scoping review was to overview the cost-of-illness studies conducted in rare diseases.
Methods We searched papers published in English in PubMed from January 2007 to December 2018. We selected cost-of-illness studies on rare diseases defined as those with prevalence lower than 5 per 10,000 cases. Studies were selected by one researcher and verified by a second researcher. Methodological characteristics were extracted to develop a narrative synthesis.
Results We included 63 cost-of-illness studies on 42 rare diseases conducted in 25 countries, and 9 systematic reviews. Most studies (94%) adopted a prevalence-based estimation, where the predominant design was cross-sectional with a bottom-up approach. Only four studies adopted an incidence-based estimation. Most studies used questionnaires to patients or caregivers to collect resource utilisation data (67%) although an important number of studies used databases or registries as a source of data (48%). Costs of lost productivity, non-medical costs and informal care costs were included in 68%, 60% and 43% of studies, respectively. Conclusion This review found a paucity of cost-of-illness studies in rare diseases. However, the analysis shows that the cost-of-illness studies of rare diseases are feasible, although the main issue is the lack of primary and/or aggregated data that often prevents a reliable estimation of the economic burden. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01815-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia García-Pérez
- Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud (SESCS), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Desarrollo Regional (IUDR), Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Guajara, Camino de la Hornera, s/n, 38071, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Renata Linertová
- Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud (SESCS), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Cristina Valcárcel-Nazco
- Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud (SESCS), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel Posada
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inigo Gorostiza
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain.,Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Avenida de Montevideo Nº 18, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Serrano-Aguilar
- Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud (SESCS), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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García-Pérez L, Linertová R, Valcárcel-Nazco C, Posada M, Gorostiza I, Serrano-Aguilar P. Cost-of-illness studies in rare diseases: a scoping review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021. [PMID: 33849613 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01815-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to overview the cost-of-illness studies conducted in rare diseases. METHODS We searched papers published in English in PubMed from January 2007 to December 2018. We selected cost-of-illness studies on rare diseases defined as those with prevalence lower than 5 per 10,000 cases. Studies were selected by one researcher and verified by a second researcher. Methodological characteristics were extracted to develop a narrative synthesis. RESULTS We included 63 cost-of-illness studies on 42 rare diseases conducted in 25 countries, and 9 systematic reviews. Most studies (94%) adopted a prevalence-based estimation, where the predominant design was cross-sectional with a bottom-up approach. Only four studies adopted an incidence-based estimation. Most studies used questionnaires to patients or caregivers to collect resource utilisation data (67%) although an important number of studies used databases or registries as a source of data (48%). Costs of lost productivity, non-medical costs and informal care costs were included in 68%, 60% and 43% of studies, respectively. CONCLUSION This review found a paucity of cost-of-illness studies in rare diseases. However, the analysis shows that the cost-of-illness studies of rare diseases are feasible, although the main issue is the lack of primary and/or aggregated data that often prevents a reliable estimation of the economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia García-Pérez
- Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud (SESCS), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Desarrollo Regional (IUDR), Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Guajara, Camino de la Hornera, s/n, 38071, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Renata Linertová
- Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud (SESCS), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Cristina Valcárcel-Nazco
- Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud (SESCS), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel Posada
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inigo Gorostiza
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Avenida de Montevideo Nº 18, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Serrano-Aguilar
- Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud (SESCS), Camino Candelaria Nº 44, 1ª planta, 38109, Canary Islands, El Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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Tekin RN, Şahin B. Comparison of Top down and Bottom up Cost Approaches in Colon and Rectal Cancer Treatment. Health (London) 2021. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2021.132009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Alduraywish SA, Altamimi LA, Almajed AA, Kokandi BA, Alqahtani RS, Alghaihb SG, Aldakheel FM. Barriers of colorectal cancer screening test among adults in the Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101235. [PMID: 33194537 PMCID: PMC7645071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of physician recommendation was commonly reported barrier to CRC screening. Barriers to CRC screening were observed more in females. Barriers to CRC screening were seen more in those who had not performed CRC screening.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. CRC can be completely cured if detected at an early stage with screening. However, many barriers to screening have been reported. This study aimed to identify the potential barriers to CRC screening among the Saudi population aged ≥45 years. A cross-sectional study of randomly selected adults (aged ≥45 years) attending primary care clinics at KKUH in Saudi Arabia was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 448 participants were included. In general, the most commonly reported barrier to CRC screening was a lack of physician recommendation (77.1%). Moreover, fear of painful colonoscopy procedures and a lack of knowledge regarding the availability of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) were reported by 51.6% and 57.8% of patients, respectively. Significant gender differences were observed, with females reporting more barriers to CRC screening than males (general barriers [p < 0.001] and colonoscopy-specific barriers [p = 0.003]). Participants who had not undergone any previous CRC screening reported significantly more barriers compared to those who had undergone a previous CRC screening (general barriers [p = 0.015], colonoscopy-specific barriers [p = 0.006], and FOBT specific barriers [p = 0.024]). Because a lack of physician recommendation was the most commonly reported general barrier, we recommend that physicians emphasize the need for CRC screening, particularly to high-risk patients. Extensive campaigns and programs must be launched to raise awareness about the importance of screening for CRC. Additionally, gender-specific strategies need to be formulated to promote CRC screening in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha A. Alduraywish
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Sattam Research Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fahad M. Aldakheel
- Prince Sattam Research Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Vekic B, Dragojevic-Simic V, Jakovljevic M, Kalezic M, Zagorac Z, Dragovic S, Zivic R, Pilipovic F, Simic R, Jovanovic D, Milovanovic J, Rancic N. A Correlation Study of the Colorectal Cancer Statistics and Economic Indicators in Selected Balkan Countries. Front Public Health 2020; 8:29. [PMID: 32133335 PMCID: PMC7040482 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasms. The aim of the study was to evaluate and correlate most important epidemiological and economic indicators of CRC in 11 selected Balkan countries. The number of new CRC cases was 56,960, and the highest 5-year CRC prevalence was in Slovenia, Croatia, and Greece. Age-standardized CRC incidence rates were highest in Slovenia, Serbia, and Croatia, and age-standardized mortality rates were highest in Croatia, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Current Health Expenditure as % of Gross Domestic Product was the highest in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. The GDP per capita levels have shown positive correlation with the CRC incidence rate and prevalence. Absolute numbers of new and death-related CRC cases and 5-year prevalence in absolute numbers have shown strong positive correlation with GDP in million current US$. It has been shown that various economic indicators can be linked to the rate of incidence and prevalence of the CRC patients in the selected Balkan countries. Therefore, economic factors can influence the epidemiology of CRC, and heavy CRC burden in the Balkan region may be one of the indexes of the economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Vekic
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Centre Dr. Dragisa Misovic, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Viktorija Dragojevic-Simic
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Jakovljevic
- Department of Global Health Economics and Policy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Institute of Comparative Economics, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan.,N.A. Semashko Department of Public Health and Healthcare, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Marko Kalezic
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Centre Dr. Dragisa Misovic, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zagor Zagorac
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Centre Dr. Dragisa Misovic, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Dragovic
- Clinic for General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rastko Zivic
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Centre Dr. Dragisa Misovic, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Pilipovic
- Institute for Orthopedic and Surgical Diseases "Banjica", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radoje Simic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department for Plastic Surgery, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Serbia Dr. Vukan Cupic, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Jovanovic
- Institute of Radiology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nemanja Rancic
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Radiology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Bjørnelv GMW, Edwin B, Fretland ÅA, Deb P, Aas E. Till death do us part: the effect of marital status on health care utilization and costs at end-of-life. A register study on all colorectal cancer decedents in Norway between 2009 and 2013. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:115. [PMID: 32054492 PMCID: PMC7020544 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Economic analyses of end-of-life care often focus on single aspects of care in selected cohorts leading to limited knowledge on the total level of care required to patients at their end-of-life. We aim at describing the living situation and full range of health care provided to patients at their end-of-life, including how informal care affects formal health care provision, using the case of colorectal cancer. Methods All colorectal cancer decedents between 2009 and 2013 in Norway (n = 7695) were linked to six national registers. The registers included information on decedents’ living situation (days at home, in short- or long-term institution or in the hospital), their total health care utilization and costs in the secondary, primary and home- and community-based care setting. The effect of informal care was assessed through marital status (never married, currently married, or previously married) using regression analyses (negative binominal, two-part models and generalized linear models), controlling for age, gender, comorbidities, education, income, time since diagnosis and year of death. Results The average patient spent four months at home, while he or she spent 27 days in long-term institutions, 16 days in short-term institutions, and 21 days in the hospital. Of the total costs (~NOK 400,000), 58, 3 and 39% were from secondary carers (hospitals), primary carers (general practitioners and emergency rooms) and home- and community-based carers (home care and nursing homes), respectively. Compared to the never married, married patients spent 30 more days at home and utilized less home- and community-based care, but more health care services at the secondary and primary health care level. Their total healthcare costs were significantly lower (−NOK 65,621) than the never married. We found similar, but weaker, patterns for those who had been married previously. Conclusion End-of-life care is primarily provided in the secondary and home-and community-based care level, and informal caregivers have a substantial influence on formal end-of-life care provision. Excluding aspects of care such as home and community-based care or informal care in economic analyses of end-of-life care provides a biased picture of the total resources required, and might lead to inefficient resource allocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Maria Waaler Bjørnelv
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Edwin
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsmund Avdem Fretland
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Partha Deb
- Department of Economics, Hunter College, CUNY and NBER, New York, USA
| | - Eline Aas
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Health Service Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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15
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Nichols T, Goldstine J, Inglese G. A multinational evaluation assessing the relationship between peristomal skin health and health utility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 28:S14-S19. [PMID: 30907656 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2019.28.5.s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: irritation to peristomal skin remains one of the most prevalent ostomy-related complications influencing an individual's health status and quality of life. AIMS: to assess the impact of damaged peristomal skin on the health utility and quality-adjusted life days (QALD) in an international adult ostomy population. METHODS: a cross-sectional survey incorporating the SF-6D preference-based health utility index was developed to assess a random selection of post-surgical patients. FINDINGS: health utility decreased with increasing skin irritation among the three geographic groups. The total mean health utility of normal peristomal skin for the three groups dropped incrementally for mild, moderate, and severe irritation. There were no differences in health utility or QALDs between the three country groups. CONCLUSION: improvement of peristomal skin health is associated with improvements to QALDs. Clinicians, caregivers and patients have the responsibility to address a critical unmet need in skin health through interventions and products designed to support healthy peristomal skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nichols
- Research Fellow: Biostatistics and Health Economics (Retired), Global Market Access, Hollister Incorporated, Libertyville, Illinois, USA
| | - Jimena Goldstine
- Director Value and Evidence Strategy, Global Market Access, Hollister Incorporated, Libertyville, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary Inglese
- Senior Director, Global Market Access, Hollister Incorporated, Libertyville, Illinois, USA
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16
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Vekic B, Dragojevic-Simic V, Jakovljevic M, Pilipovic F, Simic R, Zivic R, Radovanovic D, Rancic N. Medical Cost of Colorectal Cancer Services in Serbia Between 2014 and 2017: National Data Report. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:526. [PMID: 31156439 PMCID: PMC6530405 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Vekic
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Centre "Dr. Dragisa Misovic", Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Viktorija Dragojevic-Simic
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Jakovljevic
- Department of Global Health Economics and Policy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Filip Pilipovic
- Institute for Orthopedic and Surgical Diseases "Banjica", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radoje Simic
- Department for Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rastko Zivic
- Clinical Centre "Dr. Dragisa Misovic", Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragce Radovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Rancic
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Cheng Q, Shi YJ, Li Z, Kang H, Xiang Z, Kong LF. FAST1 promotes the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:407-413. [PMID: 30594391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The forkhead activin signal transducer 1 (FAST1) is involved in several oncogenic signaling pathways and its abnormal expression has been discovered in some cancers. Yet the role of FAST1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unclear. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore the function of FAST1 in CRC. METHODS In this study, we analyzed FAST1 expression and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic significance in CRC via immunohistochemistry analysis. The effects and mechanisms of FAST1 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were explored in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that increased FAST1 as an independent prognostic factor was positively associated with TNM stage and pathological grade in CRC. FAST1 overexpression promoted the CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vivo. Furthermore, mechanistic studies implicated that FAST1 enhanced the pulmonary metastasis of CRC cells through down-regulating E-cadherin levels. CONCLUSIONS In summary, FAST1 was significantly associated with CRC progression and could serve as an independent prognostic factor. FAST1 may be potential therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shi
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Hong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Ling-Fei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
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18
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Giuliani J, Bonetti A. First-line therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer: integrating clinical benefit with the costs of drugs. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33:1505-1516. [PMID: 30196427 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-018-3158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In light of the relevant expenses of pharmacological interventions, it might be interesting to make a balance between the cost of the new drugs administered and the added value represented by the improvement in progression free survival (PFS) in first-line for metastatic colorectal cancer CRC (mCRC). METHODS Phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared at least two first-line chemotherapy regimens for mCRC patients were evaluated. Differences in PFS between the different arms were compared with the pharmacological costs (at the pharmacy of our hospital). The European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS) was applied to the above RCTs. RESULTS Overall 28 phase III RCTs, including 19,958 patients, were analyzed. The FOLFOX resulted the least expensive (56 € per month of PFS gained) while the addition of irinotecan to FOLFOX (FOLFOXIRI) increased only marginally the costs (90 € per month of PFS gained). Treatments including the monoclonal antibodies showed a cost per month of PFS gained of 2823 € (FOLFIRI with cetuximab in KRAS wild-type patients and liver-only metastases), of € 15,822 (FOLFOX with panitumumab in KRAS wild type), and of 13,383 € (FOLFOX with bevacizumab). According to the ESMO-MCBS, the treatments including an EGFR-inhibitor (cetuximab or panitumumab) were associated with a score of 4, while the inclusion of bevacizumab reached a score of 3. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate a huge difference in cost per month of PFS gained in modern first-line treatments in mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Giuliani
- Department of Oncology, Mater Salutis Hospital-Az. ULSS 9 Scaligera, Via Gianella 1-37045, Legnago, VR, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bonetti
- Department of Oncology, Mater Salutis Hospital-Az. ULSS 9 Scaligera, Via Gianella 1-37045, Legnago, VR, Italy
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19
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Anti-angiogenic agents in second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the optimization of pharmacological costs. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33:1487-1491. [PMID: 29804191 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-018-3077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In western Countries, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of death from cancer. In particular, the introduction of active new anti-angiogenic agents for the second-line treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC) is associated with a relevant increase of costs, and it is therefore important to make a balance between the costs of treatment and the added value represented by the improvement of the clinical parameters of interest such as progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS The analysis was conducted to assess the effect of second-line therapy with anti-angiogenic agents on the PFS and was restricted to pivotal phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS The present analysis evaluated four phase III RCTs, including 3938 patients. Dividing the costs of therapy by the measure of efficacy represented by PFS, we found out that the lowest cost per month of PFS gained (4581 €) was associated with the use of FOLFIRI plus aflibercept. CONCLUSIONS Combining pharmacological costs of drugs with the measure of efficacy represented by the PFS, aflibercept in combination with FOLFIRI is a cost-effective second-line treatment for patients with mCRC.
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20
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Yoshida Y, Goi T, Kurebayashi H, Morikawa M, Hirono Y, Katayama K. Prokineticin 2 expression as a novel prognostic biomarker for human colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30079-30091. [PMID: 30046389 PMCID: PMC6059027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular tumor biomarkers hold considerable promise for accurately predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and progression. Prokineticin 2 (PROK2) may be associated with angiogenesis and tumor formation in some malignant tumors. However, its prognostic value remains unknown. We focused on the association between PROK2 expression and clinical characteristics of CRC to assess value of PROK2 as a potential biomarker for stage I–III CRC patients prognosis. Between 1992 and 2006, 436 consecutive patients with stage I–III CRC treated with curative resection were included. PROK2 expression in primary tumors was investigated using immunohistochemistry. An animal model of liver metastasis was used to assess the role of PROK2. Positive PROK2 expression in primary tumors was found in 222 of 436 (50.9%) human CRC specimens and was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and postoperative liver recurrence rate. Recurrence-free survival was significantly shorter in patients with positive PROK2 expression than in those with negative PROK2 expression. PROK2 expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for CRC [hazards ratio, 2.119; 95% confidence interval, 1.315–3.415; p = 0.002]. PROK2 overexpression promoted liver metastasis in vivo. We suggest that positive PROK2 expression is observed in CRC primary tissues; thus, PROK2 may be a useful predictor for liver recurrence and prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yoshida
- First Department of Surgery, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takanori Goi
- First Department of Surgery, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuo Hirono
- First Department of Surgery, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kanji Katayama
- Cancer Care Promotion Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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21
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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic indicator in gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32171-32189. [PMID: 28418870 PMCID: PMC5458276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate, time efficient, and inexpensive prognostic indicator is needed to reduce cost and assist with clinical decision making for cancer management. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is derived from common serum testing, has been explored in a variety of cancers. We sought to determine its prognostic value in gastrointestinal cancers and performed a meta-analysis of published studies using the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Included were randomized control trials and observational studies that analyzed humans with gastrointestinal cancers that included NLR and hazard ratios (HR) with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and/or cancer-specific survival (CSS). We analyzed 144 studies comprising 45,905 patients, two-thirds of which were published after 2014. The mean, median, and mode cutoffs for NLR reporting OS from multivariate models were 3.4, 3.0, 5.0 (±IQR 2.5-5.0), respectively. Overall, NLR greater than the cutoff was associated with a HR for OS of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.53-1.73; P < 0.001). This association was observed in all subgroups based on tumor site, stage, and geographic region. HR for elevated NLR for DFS, PFS, and CSS were 1.70 (95% CI, 1.52-1.91, P < 0.001), 1.64 (95% CI, 1.36-1.97, P < 0.001), and 1.83 (95% CI, 1.50-2.23, P < 0.001), respectively. Available evidence suggests that NLR greater than the cutoff reduces OS, independent of geographic location, gastrointestinal cancer type, or stage of cancer. Furthermore, DFS, PFS, and CSS also have worse outcomes with elevated NLR.
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22
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Yang LS, Zhang XJ, Xie YY, Sun XJ, Zhao R, Huang QH. SUMOylated MAFB promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83488-83501. [PMID: 27829226 PMCID: PMC5347783 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB), promotes tumorigenesis in some cancers. In this study, we found that MAFB levels were increased in clinical colorectal cancer (CRC) samples, and higher expression correlated with more advanced TNM stage. We identified MAFB amplifications in a majority of tumor types in an assessment of The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Altered MAFB levels due to gene amplification, deletion, mutation, or transcription upregulation occurred in 9% of CRC cases within the database. shRNA knockdown experiments demonstrated that MAFB deficiency blocked CRC cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in vitro. We found that MAFB could be SUMOylated by SUMO1 at lysine 32, and this modification was critical for cell cycle regulation by MAFB in CRC cells. SUMOylated MAFB directly regulated cyclin-dependent kinase 6 transcription by binding to its promoter. MAFB knockdown CRC cell xenograft tumors in mice grew more slowly than controls, and wild-type MAFB-overexpressing tumors grew more quickly than tumors overexpressing MAFB mutated at lysine 32. These data suggest that SUMOylated MAFB promotes CRC tumorigenesis through cell cycle regulation. MAFB and its SUMOylation process may serve as novel therapeutic targets for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yin-Yin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiu-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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23
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Liang R, Lin Y, Yuan CL, Liu ZH, Li YQ, Luo XL, Ye JZ, Ye HH. High expression of estrogen-related receptor α is significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5933-5939. [PMID: 29552224 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of malignancy with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. This biologically heterogeneous disease results in diverse therapeutic responses, thus, novel prognostic biomarkers are required to improve CRC treatment. Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is a nuclear orphan receptor, which is associated with estrogen receptor α. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of ERRα in patients with CRC, and explore the association between ERRα expression and clinicopathological factors, local recurrence and prognosis. In the present study, ERRα expression was detected in 15 fresh CRC tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and in 128 paraffin-embedded CRC tissues using immunohistochemistry. The associations between ERRα expression and prognosis of CRC patients were evaluated by univariate, and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards model) analysis. RT-qPCR demonstrated that the mRNA expression of ERRα in CRC tissues was significantly higher compared with that in matched normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ERRα high expression was detected in the nuclei of cancer cells from 39.1% (50/128) of CRC tissues. ERRα expression based on immunohistochemical staining was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, tumor invasion, lymph node status and Dukes stage (all P<0.05). Furthermore, patients with high ERRα expression were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence and poor prognosis, compared with patients with low ERRα expression. ERRα expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor for patients with CRC. In conclusion, ERRα serves important roles in the progression of CRC and is a potential prognostic factor for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liang
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ling Yuan
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Liu
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Luo
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Zhou Ye
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Hong Ye
- Department of Hepatobilliary Surgery, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530001, P.R. China
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Nasir B, Fatima H, Ahmed M, Phull AR, Ihsan-ul-Haq. Cannabis: A Prehistoric Remedy for the Deficits of Existing and Emerging Anticancer Therapies. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 2:82-93. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly characterized as the malignant and impaired growth of rectal cells in the intestinal region. Direct medical cost is related to resources, which are directly used in treating the patient, that mainly includes the cost of drugs, diagnostic, treatment, follow-up, rehabilitation, and hospital admission. The objective of this study is to estimate and analyze direct medical costs attributable to CRC in Jordan. A retrospective analysis of a cohort patients treated for CRC data has been performed to determine direct medical costs attributable to CRC in Jordan. The prevalence-based approach has been used in addition to the "bottom up" approach to accumulate 1-year time costs of CRC. Demographic, clinical, and economic data have been collected and analyzed using SPSS for windows. Costs were estimated by a bottom-up approach, in which each service component was identified and valued at the most detailed level, to provide greater transparency and reliability in economic evaluation of health care services. This study quantified the economic burden associated with CRC by Jordanian patients in King Abdullah University Hospital from the perspective of health care providers (public sector). Total CRC cost in the year 2014 was estimated to JD 695,608, and the most expensive stage for all sites was stage 4 reaching a cost of JD 5147. Advanced disease stages were associated with an increase in total cost and chemotherapy costs. In conclusion, results of this study propose that direct medical costs associated with CRC are considerable. Most of the cost was devoted for medications, primarily chemotherapy. Advanced stages were associated with higher cost and largest number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Alefan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Rana Malhees
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nizar Mhaidat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Giuliani J, Bonetti A. The Pharmacological Costs of Complete Liver Resections in Unselected Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients: Focus on Targeted Agents. A Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 47:341-350. [PMID: 27488729 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological costs of conversion chemotherapy with targeted biological agents in an unselected population of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in order to achieve an R0 liver resection. METHODS Full reports and updates of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared at least two front-line therapy regimens with targeted biological agents for advanced CRC patients were selected. The present evaluation was restricted to randomized phase II and III trials. The costs of drugs are at the Pharmacy Hospital and are expressed in euros (€). RESULTS Our study began with the evaluation of 683 abstracts. Forty-eight trials were considered appropriate for further analysis. A more in-depth evaluation looking for the trials reporting the liver resection rates following conversion chemotherapy brought to the exclusion of other 37 trials, leaving 11 randomized trials (three phase II trials, including 522 patients and eight phase III trials, including 7191 patients). The pharmacological costs of conversion therapy increased with the substitution of prolonged infusion 5-Fluorouracil by capecitabine and, to a much higher extent, with the introduction of biologicals. CONCLUSIONS Two key issues are presented in this review. First, the pharmacological costs of commonly used front line regimens based on the targeted biological agents for the treatment of advanced CRC are highly variable. Second, the performance of the published schemes, in terms of resection rates, depends on patient's selection, tumor characteristics, and on the type of the scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Giuliani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Salutis Hospital, AULSS 21 della Regione Veneto, Legnago, VR, Italy. .,Department of Medical Oncology, ASL 21 della Regione Veneto, Via Gianella 1, 37045, Legnago, VR, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bonetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Salutis Hospital, AULSS 21 della Regione Veneto, Legnago, VR, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, ASL 21 della Regione Veneto, Via Gianella 1, 37045, Legnago, VR, Italy
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Correlations between TBL1XR1 and recurrence of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44275. [PMID: 28295012 PMCID: PMC5353619 DOI: 10.1038/srep44275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 25% localized CRC patients died from post-operative metastasis, and risk of metastasis varies among individuals due to the high heterogeneity of CRC. Therefore, figuring out potential biomarkers for disease recurrence would be invaluable to improve the follow-up efficiency and clinical treatment. Transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) is a core component of the nuclear receptor corepressor complex, which functions as a repressive coregulatory factor for multiple transcription factors. The clinical significance of TBL1XR1 in CRC hasn’t been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression of TBL1XR1 in primary CRC tissues and liver metastases from TNM stage IV CRC patients, and found that its expression in primary tumor tissues was an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence. Thus, we enrolled another cohort including TNM stage I-III patients to further evaluate the relationship between TBL1XR1 expression and disease recurrence. Accordingly, high TBL1XR1 expression indicates poor disease-free survival of stage I-III CRC patients. Furthermore, we confirmed the importance of β-catenin signaling pathways in TBL1XR1-mediated CRC cell oncogenicity by clinical and cellular results. Our results emphasize the necessity of individual therapy decisions based on clinical biomarkers, especially for localized CRC patients who are not routinely treated with adjunctive chemotherapy.
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Giuliani J, Bonetti A. The Pharmacological Costs of First-Line Therapies in Unselected Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Published Phase III Trials. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 15:277-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cid C, Herrera C, Rodríguez R, Bastías G, Jiménez J. [Assessing the economic impact of cancer in Chile: a direct and indirect cost measurement based on 2009 registries]. Medwave 2016; 16:e6509. [PMID: 27532152 DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2016.07.6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to determine the economic impact that cancer represents to Chile, exploring the share of costs for the most important cancers and the differences between the public and private sector. METHODS We used the cost of illness methodology, through the assessment of the direct and indirect costs associated with cancer treatment. Data was obtained from 2009 registries of the Chilean Ministry of Health and the Superintendence of Health. Indirect costs were calculated by days of job absenteeism and potential years of life lost. RESULTS Over US$ 2.1 billion were spent on cancer in 2009, which represents almost 1% of Chiles Gross Domestic Product. The direct per capita cost was US$ 47. Indirect costs were 1.92 times more than direct costs. The three types of cancer that embody the highest share of costs were gastric cancer (17.6%), breast cancer (7%) and prostate cancer (4.2%) in the public sector, and breast cancer (14%), lung cancer (7.5%) and prostate cancer (4.1%) in the private sector. On average men spent 30.33% more than women. CONCLUSION There are few studies of this kind in Chile and the region. The country can be classified as having a cancer economic impact below the average of those in European Union countries. We expect that this information can be used to develop access policies and resource allocation decision making, and as a first step into further cancer-costing studies in Chile and the Latin American and Caribbean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Cid
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Address: Marcoleta 434, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristian Herrera
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Bastías
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Jiménez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Shahbazian H, Razmjoo S, Arvandi S, Hosseini SM, Hoseinzadeh M, Ahmadzadeh Deilamani A, Mohammadian F. Comparison of the Eight-Hour With the 22-Hour Infusion of 5-Fluorouracil, in the FOLFOX Chemotherapy of Colon Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-30674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Estimación del coste hospitalario del cáncer colorrectal en Cataluña. GACETA SANITARIA 2015; 29:437-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Jin H, McCrone P. Cost-of-illness studies for bipolar disorder: systematic review of international studies. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2015; 33:341-353. [PMID: 25576148 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-014-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) may result in a greater burden than all forms of cancer, Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Cost-of-illness (COI) studies provide useful information on the economic burden that BD imposes on a society. Furthermore, COI studies are pivotal sources of evidence used in economic evaluations. This study aims to give a general overview of COI studies for BD and to discuss methodological issues that might potentially influence results. This study also aims to provide recommendations to improve practice in this area, based on the review. METHODS A search was performed to identify COI studies of BD. The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, HMIC and openSIGLE. The primary outcome of this review was the annual cost per BD patient. A narrative assessment of key methodological issues was also included. Based on these findings, recommendations for good practice were drafted. RESULTS Fifty-four studies were included in this review. Because of the widespread methodological heterogeneity among included studies, no attempt has been made to pool results of different studies. Potential areas for methodological improvement were identified. These were: description of the disease and population, the approach to deal with comorbidities, reporting the rationale and impact for choosing different cost perspectives, and ways in which uncertainty is addressed. CONCLUSIONS This review showed that numerous COI studies have been conducted for BD since 1995. However, these studies employed varying methods, which limit the comparability of findings. The recommendations provided by this review can be used by those conducting COI studies and those critiquing them, to increase the credibility and reporting of study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Jin
- Centre for the Economics of Mental and Physical Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London, Box 024, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK,
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Holliday EB, Ahmed AA, Yoo SK, Jagsi R, Hoffman KE. Does Cancer Literature Reflect Multidisciplinary Practice? A Systematic Review of Oncology Studies in the Medical Literature Over a 20-Year Period. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92:721-31. [PMID: 26104927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quality cancer care is best delivered through a multidisciplinary approach requiring awareness of current evidence for all oncologic specialties. The highest impact journals often disseminate such information, so the distribution and characteristics of oncology studies by primary intervention (local therapies, systemic therapies, and targeted agents) were evaluated in 10 high-impact journals over a 20-year period. METHODS AND MATERIALS Articles published in 1994, 2004, and 2014 in New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet Oncology, Journal of Clinical Oncology, Annals of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Oncology, International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, Annals of Surgical Oncology, and European Journal of Surgical Oncology were identified. Included studies were prospectively conducted and evaluated a therapeutic intervention. RESULTS A total of 960 studies were included: 240 (25%) investigated local therapies, 551 (57.4%) investigated systemic therapies, and 169 (17.6%) investigated targeted therapies. More local therapy trials (n=185 [77.1%]) evaluated definitive, primary treatment than systemic (n=178 [32.3%]) or targeted therapy trials (n=38 [22.5%]; P<.001). Local therapy trials (n=16 [6.7%]) also had significantly lower rates of industry funding than systemic (n=207 [37.6%]) and targeted therapy trials (n=129 [76.3%]; P<.001). Targeted therapy trials represented 5 (2%), 38 (10.2%), and 126 (38%) of those published in 1994, 2004, and 2014, respectively (P<.001), and industry-funded 48 (18.9%), 122 (32.6%), and 182 (54.8%) trials, respectively (P<.001). Compared to publication of systemic therapy trial articles, articles investigating local therapy (odds ratio: 0.025 [95% confidence interval: 0.012-0.048]; P<.001) were less likely to be found in high-impact general medical journals. CONCLUSIONS Fewer studies evaluating local therapies, such as surgery and radiation, are published in high-impact oncology and medicine literature. Further research and attention are necessary to guide efforts promoting appropriate representation of all oncology studies in high-impact, broad-readership journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma B Holliday
- Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Awad A Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Stella K Yoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karen E Hoffman
- Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Wang XJ, Lopez SE, Chan A. Economic burden of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in patients with lymphoma: a systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 94:201-12. [PMID: 25600838 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this review was to identify the cost components that were most frequently associated with the economic burden of febrile neutropenia (FN) among patients with lymphoma. The secondary objective was to identify any parameter associated with higher FN cost. Ten cost of illness (COI) studies were identified. General characteristics on study design, country, perspective, and patient population were extracted and systematically reported. It was observed that majority (70%) of the studies employed the perspective of healthcare provider. 20% of the studies considered long-term costs. Estimated costs were adjusted to 2013 US dollars and ranged from US$5819 to US$34,756. The cost components that were most frequently associated with economic burden were ward and medication costs. Inpatient management, male gender, discharged dead, and comorbidity were positively associated with higher FN costs. Future COI studies on FN should focus on the accurate estimation on ward and medication costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaun Eric Lopez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
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Noonan AM, Bekaii-Saab T. Second-line outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer – raising the bar for the high jump rather than the doing the limbo. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014; 15:133-43. [DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2015.972376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Giuliani J, Mercanti A, Muraro S, Trolese AR, Durante E, Greco F, Piacentini P, Tognetto M, Bonetti A. The pharmacological costs of complete liver resections in unselected advanced colorectal cancer patients: a review of published Phase II and III trials. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014; 15:101-10. [PMID: 25399933 DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2015.982099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological costs of regimens used as front-line therapy in advanced colorectal cancer patients and their impact on the liver resection rates have not been considered. In this paper, we made a review of published randomized Phase II and III trials that reported the liver resection rates following upfront chemotherapy and linked this outcome to the pharmacological costs of drugs used. The costs are calculated based on the price at Pharmacy of our Hospital in Legnago (Italy), and as a measure of activity, we used the number of patients needed to treat to get one complete liver resection. Number needed to treat is highly variable among the different trials according to patient's characteristics, tumor biology and the efficacy of chemotherapy administered. The range of activity is greatly amplified when the costs are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Giuliani
- Mater Salutis Hospital-AULSS 21 della Regione Veneto - Medical Oncology, Legnago (VR), Italy
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Wein A, Emmert M, Merkel S, Harich HD, Siebler J, Thiemann R, Lamberti C, Göttler B, Fries S, Kiani A, Schlag R, Grüner M, Steinbild S, Eberl S, Pohl-Dernick K, Dörje F, Horbach T, Schöffski O, Neurath MF, Hohenberger W. Palliative Treatment of Colorectal Cancer with Secondary Metastasis Resection in Germany - Impact of the Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach on Prognosis and Cost: The Northern Bavaria IVOPAK I Project. Oncology 2014; 88:103-21. [DOI: 10.1159/000368246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Romano B, Borrelli F, Pagano E, Cascio MG, Pertwee RG, Izzo AA. Inhibition of colon carcinogenesis by a standardized Cannabis sativa extract with high content of cannabidiol. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:631-639. [PMID: 24373545 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colon cancer is a major public health problem. Cannabis-based medicines are useful adjunctive treatments in cancer patients. Here, we have investigated the effect of a standardized Cannabis sativa extract with high content of cannabidiol (CBD), here named CBD BDS, i.e. CBD botanical drug substance, on colorectal cancer cell proliferation and in experimental models of colon cancer in vivo. METHODS Proliferation was evaluated in colorectal carcinoma (DLD-1 and HCT116) as well as in healthy colonic cells using the MTT assay. CBD BDS binding was evaluated by its ability to displace [(3)H]CP55940 from human cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. In vivo, the effect of CBD BDS was examined on the preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci), polyps and tumours induced by the carcinogenic agent azoxymethane (AOM) as well as in a xenograft model of colon cancer in mice. RESULTS CBD BDS and CBD reduced cell proliferation in tumoral, but not in healthy, cells. The effect of CBD BDS was counteracted by selective CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists. Pure CBD reduced cell proliferation in a CB1-sensitive antagonist manner only. In binding assays, CBD BDS showed greater affinity than pure CBD for both CB1 and CB2 receptors, with pure CBD having very little affinity. In vivo, CBD BDS reduced AOM-induced preneoplastic lesions and polyps as well as tumour growth in the xenograft model of colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS CBD BDS attenuates colon carcinogenesis and inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation via CB1 and CB2 receptor activation. The results may have some clinical relevance for the use of Cannabis-based medicines in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Endocannabinoid Research Group, Italy; School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Endocannabinoid Research Group, Italy
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Endocannabinoid Research Group, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cascio
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Endocannabinoid Research Group, Italy.
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Haug U, Engel S, Verheyen F, Linder R. Estimating colorectal cancer treatment costs: a pragmatic approach exemplified by health insurance data from Germany. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88407. [PMID: 24586324 PMCID: PMC3929363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment is a crucial parameter to inform cost-effectiveness analyses on CRC screening but it is not readily available and therefore often lacking. We aimed to elaborate and exemplify a pragmatic approach to estimate CRC treatment cost based on health insurance data from Germany. METHODS We included two groups of persons who were continuously health-insured between 2005-2010: A) Cases: Persons with a hospital discharge diagnosis of CRC (ICD C18-C20) between 2007-2010 and no such a diagnosis between 2005-2006 (to focus on incident CRC cases); B) Controls: Persons without a diagnosis of CRC during the observation period, matched to CRC cases by age and sex (matching factor: 1∶5). We considered in-patient, out-patient and drug costs and calculated incremental costs as the difference in means between cases and controls. We divided costs into three phases of care (initial, intermediate and end-of-life phase). RESULTS The initial, the intermediate and the end-of-life phase included 12,792, 5,280, and 3,779 CRC cases, respectively, and 63,960, 26,400, and 18,895 controls. The mean incremental costs--annualized for each phase--were €26,000, €2,300, and €51,700, respectively. The costs of the initial phase of care were higher for rectal than for colon cancer. Annualized stage-specific cost estimates ranged from €15,000 to €21,300 for early stages and from €29,800 to €35,000 for late stages. CONCLUSION This pragmatic and feasible approach provided plausible estimates of CRC treatment costs in Germany; being transferable to other settings, it may thus facilitate to weigh up potential savings in treatment costs against the resources required for CRC control programs in various countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Haug
- Epidemiological Cancer Registry Baden-Wuerttemberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Susanne Engel
- WINEG – Scientific Institute of the Techniker Krankenkasse (TK) for Benefit and Efficiency in Health Care, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Verheyen
- WINEG – Scientific Institute of the Techniker Krankenkasse (TK) for Benefit and Efficiency in Health Care, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Linder
- WINEG – Scientific Institute of the Techniker Krankenkasse (TK) for Benefit and Efficiency in Health Care, Hamburg, Germany
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Tseng CN, Huang CF, Cho CL, Chang HW, Huang CW, Chiu CC, Chang YF. Brefeldin a effectively inhibits cancer stem cell-like properties and MMP-9 activity in human colorectal cancer Colo 205 cells. Molecules 2013; 18:10242-53. [PMID: 23973996 PMCID: PMC6270264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cancer cells with indefinite potential for self-renewal and the capacity to drive tumorigenesis. Brefeldin A (BFA) is an antibiotic that is known to block protein transport and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in eukaryotic cells, but its effects on colorectal CSCs are unknown. We investigated the inhibitory effect of BFA on human colorectal cancer Colo 205 cells. We found that BFA effectively reduced the survival of suspension Colo 205 cells (IC50 = ~15 ng/mL) by inducing apoptosis, and inhibited the clonogenic activity of Colo 205 CSCs in tumorsphere formation assay and soft agar colony formation assay in the same nanogram per milliliter range. We also discovered that at such low concentrations, BFA effectively induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response as indicated by the increased mRNA expression of ER stress-related genes, such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Finally, we found that BFA reduced the activity of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9). These findings suggest that BFA can effectively suppress the progression of colorectal cancer during the tumorigenesis and metastasis stages. These results may lead to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Neng Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-N.T.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Chien-Fu Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-F.H.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Chung-Lung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-N.T.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Chao-Wei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-F.H.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-F.C.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2701) (Y.-F.C.); Fax: +886-7-322-7508 (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-F.C.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2701) (Y.-F.C.); Fax: +886-7-322-7508 (Y.-F.C.)
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Kriza C, Emmert M, Wahlster P, Niederländer C, Kolominsky-Rabas P. An international review of the main cost-effectiveness drivers of virtual colonography versus conventional colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening: is the tide changing due to adherence? Eur J Radiol 2013; 82:e629-36. [PMID: 23938237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The majority of recent cost-effectiveness reviews concluded that computerised tomographic colonography (CTC) is not a cost-effective colorectal cancer (CRC) screening strategy yet. The objective of this review is to examine cost-effectiveness of CTC versus optical colonoscopy (COL) for CRC screening and identify the main drivers influencing cost-effectiveness due to the emergence of new research. METHODS A systematic review was conducted for cost-effectiveness studies comparing CTC and COL as a screening tool and providing outcomes in life-years saved, published between January 2006 and November 2012. RESULTS Nine studies were included in the review. There was considerable heterogeneity in modelling complexity and methodology. Different model assumptions and inputs had large effects on resulting cost-effectiveness of CTC and COL. CTC was found to be dominant or cost-effective in three studies, assuming the most favourable scenario. COL was found to be not cost effective in one study. CONCLUSIONS CTC has the potential to be a cost-effective CRC screening strategy when compared to COL. The most important assumptions that influenced the cost-effectiveness of CTC and COL were related to CTC threshold-based reporting of polyps, CTC cost, CTC sensitivity for large polyps, natural history of adenoma transition to cancer, AAA parameters and importantly, adherence. There is a strong need for a differential consideration of patient adherence and compliance to CTC and COL. Recent research shows that laxative-free CTC screening has the potential to become a good alternative screening method for CRC as it can improve patient uptake of screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kriza
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Technology Assessment and Public Health, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, National BMBF-Cluster of Excellence, "Medical Technologies - Medical Valley EMN", Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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