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Sugisaki N, Tsuchie H, Takai Y, Kobayashi K, Yoshimoto T, Kanehisa H. Validity of spatiotemporal and ground reaction force estimates during resisted sprinting with a motorized loading device. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14597. [PMID: 38445516 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the validity of estimating spatiotemporal and ground reaction force (GRF) parameters during resisted sprinting using a robotic loading device (1080 Sprint). Twelve male athletes (age: 20.9 ± 2.2 years; height: 174.6 ± 4.2 cm; weight: 69.4 ± 6.1 kg; means ± SDs) performed maximal resisted sprinting with three different loads using the device. The step frequency and length and step-averaged velocity, anteroposterior GRF (Fap ), and the ratio of Fap to resultant GRF (RF) were estimated using the velocity and towing force data measured using the device. Simultaneously, the corresponding values were measured using a 50-m force plate system. The proportional and fixed biases of the estimated values against those measured using the force plate system were determined using ordinary least product (OLP) regression analysis. Proportional and fixed biases were observed for most variables. However, the proportional bias was small or negligible except for the step frequency. Conversely, the fixed bias was small for step-averaged velocity (0.11 m/s) and step length (0.04 m), whereas it was large for step frequency (0.54 step/s), Fap (16N), and RF (2.22%). For all variables except step frequency, the prediction intervals in the OLP regression dramatically decreased when the corresponding values were smoothed using a two-step moving average. These results indicate that by using the velocity and force data recorded in the loading device, most of the spatiotemporal and GRF variables during resisted sprinting can be estimated with some correction of the fixed bias and data smoothing using the two-step moving average.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohei Takai
- Faculty of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
| | - Kai Kobayashi
- Faculty of Information Sciences and Arts, Toyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takaya Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Welfare Society, The International University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
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Sugisaki N, Kobayashi K, Yoshimoto T, Mitsukawa N, Tsuchie H, Takai Y, Kanehisa H. Influence of horizontal resistance loads on spatiotemporal and ground reaction force variables during maximal sprint acceleration. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295758. [PMID: 38085716 PMCID: PMC10715639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the influence of horizontal resistance loads on the spatiotemporal and ground reaction force (GRF) variables during maximal sprint acceleration. Nine male sprinters (20.2 ± 1.2 years; 175.3 ± 4.5 cm, 69.7 ± 6.1 kg) performed sprint-running with six loading conditions of one unresisted and five resisted loads of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 kg using a resistance training device with intelligent drag technology. During the trials, the GRFs for all steps were determined using a 50-m force plate system. The spatiotemporal and GRF variables at running velocity of every 0.5 m/s were obtained and compared across the loading conditions. The maximal running velocity under 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 kg loading conditions were 9.84 ± 0.41, 8.55 ± 0.41, 8.09 ± 0.33, 7.62 ± 0.34, 7.11 ± 0.31, and 6.71 ± 0.29 m/s, respectively. ANOVA revealed significant main effects of load on the measured variables (η2 = 0.236-0.715, p < 0.05), except for stance-averaged anteroposterior GRF and braking impulse. However, the observed differences between the loading conditions were small, with approximately 4% (1.3-7.5%) for the GRF variables and approximately 9% (1.2-22.3%) for the spatiotemporal variables. The present study indicates that horizontal resistance load in sprint acceleration has little impact on the spatiotemporal and GRF variables at a given running velocity. In contrast to a general recommendation, one should adopt a heavy load in resisted sprint aiming to improve performance in the earlier stage of maximal sprint acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihide Sugisaki
- Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kai Kobayashi
- Faculty of Information Sciences and Arts, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaya Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Welfare Society, The International University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Mitsukawa
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Toyo Gakuen University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yohei Takai
- Faculty of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
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Grazioli R, Loturco I, Lopez P, Setuain I, Goulart J, Veeck F, Inácio M, Izquierdo M, Pinto RS, Cadore EL. Effects of Moderate-to-Heavy Sled Training Using Different Magnitudes of Velocity Loss in Professional Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:629-635. [PMID: 33009351 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Grazioli, R, Loturco, I, Lopez, P, Setuain, I, Goulart, J, Veeck, F, Inácio, M, Izquierdo, M, Pinto, RS, and Cadore, EL. Effects of moderate-to-heavy sled training using different magnitudes of velocity loss in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 629-635, 2023-This study investigated the effects of a 11-week moderate-to-heavy sled training intervention with different magnitudes of velocity loss on sprint and jump performance, mechanical muscle function, and body composition in professional soccer players. Seventeen players (age 25.8 ± 4.3 years; height 180.0 ± 8.6 cm; mass 77.7 ± 9.7 kg) were randomly allocated into 2 groups, based on different magnitudes of velocity loss: 10% of velocity decrease (G10, n = 8) and 20% of velocity decrease (G20, n = 9). The velocity-based sled training consisted of 20-m resisted sprints with a progressive loading increase from 45 to 65% of body-mass throughout the intervention. Pre-intervention and postintervention sprint and jump performance, hamstring and quadriceps peak torque and isometric rate of torque development, and lower-limb lean mass measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry were assessed and compared. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant time-effect for decreases in 10- and 20-m sprint times ( p = 0.018 and p = 0.033, respectively), but without a time-group interaction. The G10 showed greater beneficial effects than G20 for both 10-m (-5.5 ± 3.3%, magnitude-based inference [MBI]: possibly vs. -1.7 ± 5.9%, MBI: possibly trivial) and 20-m (-2.5 ± 2.1%, MBI: possibly vs. -1.4 ± 3.7%, MBI: likely trivial) sprint times. Moreover, there was a significant time effect for countermovement jump height and quadriceps isometric peak torque, which decreased significantly after training ( p = 0.019 and p = 0.010, respectively), with no within-group effect of time vs. group interaction for these respective outcomes. The novel velocity-based sled model proposed here, especially under lower magnitudes of velocity loss, was able to significantly improve linear sprint performance in professional soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Grazioli
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irineu Loturco
- NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia ; and
| | - Igor Setuain
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Tudela, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jean Goulart
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Filipe Veeck
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martinho Inácio
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Tudela, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Speed-Related Abilities Are Similarly Improved After Sled Training Under Different Magnitudes of Velocity Loss in Highly Trained Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:420-427. [PMID: 36863354 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effects of two 8-week resisted-sprint training programs under different magnitudes of velocity loss (VL) on the speed-related performance of highly trained soccer players. METHODS Twenty-one soccer players (age: 25.9 [5.4] y) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: (1) the "moderate-load group," players who trained with sled loads that induced 15%VL relative to unloaded sprint velocity (n = 11); and (2) the "heavy-load group," players who trained with sled loads that induced 40% VL relative to unloaded sprint velocity (n = 10). Linear sprint (10 m), curve sprint, change-of-direction speed, resisted-sprint performance at 15% VL and 40% VL, and vertical jumping ability were tested pretraining and posttraining. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for differences between groups. In addition, percentage changes were calculated for speed-related abilities and compared with their respective coefficients of variation to determine whether individual changes in performance were greater than the test variance (ie, "true change"). RESULTS A main effect of time was detected for 10-m sprint, curve sprint, change-of-direction speed, and 15% VL and 40% VL resisted-sprint times, with significant decreases in sprint times (P = .003, P = .004, P = .05, P = .036, and P = .019, respectively). Jump variables did not change significantly over time. There were no group-by-time interactions for any tested variable (P > .05), but the "true change" analysis revealed meaningful individual changes in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both moderate- and heavy-sled loading conditions may optimize the development of speed-related abilities in highly trained soccer players. Nevertheless, resisted-sprint training responses may differ meaningfully when assessed on an individual basis.
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Grazioli R, Loturco I, Veeck F, Radaelli R, Teodoro JL, Garcia-tabar I, Inácio M, Pinto RS, Cadore EL. Relationship between neuromuscular profile and total volume of resisted sprint training in male professional soccer players. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alcaraz PE, Carlos-Vivas J, Oponjuru BO, Martínez-Rodríguez A. Authors' Reply to Cross et al.: Comment on: "The Effectiveness of Resisted Sled Training (RST) for Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Sports Med 2018; 49:353-356. [PMID: 30542830 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro E Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Bruno O Oponjuru
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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