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Duchene Y, Simon FR, Ertel GN, Maciejewski H, Gauchard GC, Mornieux G. The stroke rate influences performance, technique and core stability during rowing ergometer. Sports Biomech 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38205960 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2301992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of stroke rate on performance, technique and core stability during rowing ergometer. Twenty-four high-level rowers performed maximal intensity one-minute bouts at 20, 28 and 34 spm on a RowPerfect3 ergometer. Power at the handle, legs, trunk and arms levels were determined, and core kinematics and neuromuscular activations were measured. The power at the handle was enhanced with a higher stroke rate in the first half of the drive phase due to higher segment's powers. This resulted in technical changes, as for instance greater mean to peak power ratio at each segment level. The higher trunk power preceded a delayed trunk extension but without significant increase in the erector spinae activation. This underlines the role of the core stability to transfer forces at a higher stroke rate. However, no co-activation parameters between trunk flexors and extensors helped further to understand this force transfer. Rowing at low stroke rate can be a training strategy to work on earlier trunk extension, while maintaining erectors spinae levels of activation. Training at higher stroke rate will induce a rowing technique closer to competition with greater neuromuscular activations, and maximise power production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Duchene
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric R Simon
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Lorraine, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Geoffrey N Ertel
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
| | | | - Gérome C Gauchard
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Lorraine, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Mornieux
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Lorraine, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
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2
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Legge N, Watsford M, Sharp P, O'Meara D, Slattery K. "A feeling for run and rhythm": coaches' perspectives of performance, talent, and progression in rowing. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:927-936. [PMID: 37609886 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2249752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of rowing performance has been predominantly gained through quantitative sports science-based research. In combination with this objective information, coaches' experiences may provide important contextual information for how this quantitative evidence is implemented into training programmes. The aims of this study were to (1) explore coaches' perspectives of performance indicators for competitive rowing in junior rowers, and (2) identify coaches' recommendations for developing effective technique and movement competency among junior rowers who have the potential to transition to elite competition. Twenty-seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced rowing coaches through purposive sampling of an accredited coaching network. Participants' coaching experience ranged from 5 to 46 (M = 22, SD = 10) years. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were identified including, (1) getting the basics right, (2) targeting types of talent, and (3) complexities of performance. Based on these findings, sequence and boat feel, supported through the movement competency provided by hip flexibility and the trunk musculature, were considered critical for executing correct technique. Developing talent and understanding successful performance are both complex concepts when considering the individual athlete. Coaches' perspectives provided insight into key components of performance to enhance our understanding of how to better develop junior rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Legge
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Watsford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Sharp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Damien O'Meara
- Sport Science Department, NSW Institute of Sport, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katie Slattery
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Puce L, Biz C, Trompetto C, Marinelli L, Currà A, Cavaggioni L, Formica M, Vecchi V, Cerchiaro MC, Trabelsi K, Bragazzi NL, Ruggieri P. A Scoping Review with Bibliometric Analysis of Para-Rowing: State of the Art and Future Directions. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060849. [PMID: 36981506 PMCID: PMC10047928 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Para-rowing is a format of rowing practiced by people with different types of disabilities, thanks to adapted equipment set-ups and regulations. Para-rowing made its debut recently at the 2008 Paralympic Games. According to the mandate of the “International Paralympic Committee”, para-rowers should be enabled to pursue sporting excellence. Therefore, rigorous research is needed in terms of well-designed, high-quality studies. To the best of our knowledge, there are no systematic appraisals of the body of scholarly evidence in the field of para-rowing. As such, a scoping review enhanced by bibliometric analyses was carried out to provide a comprehensive synthesis of knowledge related to para-rowing for the perusal of practitioners and athletes. By mining eighteen major databases, 17 studies were retained in the present review. The included studies were found to focus on a range of aspects involving health, the etiology of injuries (n = 5), psychological and physiological responses (n = 5), performance, biomechanical analysis (n = 4), and new analytical approaches for kinematic assessments and predictions of mechanical outputs in para-rowers (n = 3). The scholarly community on para-rowing consists of 78 researchers, 16 (20.51%) of whom are highly interconnected. The most prolific author was Smoljanović T., from Croatia, with three items/documents. In total, 93.6% of scholars have authored one single document. Topological features indicated a highly fragmented and dispersed, poorly connected community characterized by a high number of clusters and a low strength of connections. In terms of publication years, the first scholarly article dates back to 2008, with four articles (23.5%) published in the current year, showing an increasing interest in this para-sports discipline. Finally, gaps in current research on para-rowing were identified in terms of overlooked topics, including sports nutrition, doping, and psychological aspects in para-rowers other than those with visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Biz
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Currà
- Academic Neurology Unit, A. Fiorini Hospital, 04019 Terracina, Italy
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
- Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Formica
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Orthopedic Clinic, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vittorio Vecchi
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cerchiaro
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Grima JN, Cerasola D, Sciriha A, Sillato D, Formosa C, Gatt A, Gauci M, Xerri de Caro J, Needham R, Chockalingam N, Agius TP. On the Kinematics of the Forward-Facing Venetian-Style Rowing Technique. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030310. [PMID: 36978701 PMCID: PMC10045323 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents a qualitative and quantitative pilot study which explores the kinematics of Venetian style forward-facing standing rowing as practised by able-bodied competitive athletes. The technique, made famous by the gondoliers, was replicated in a biomechanics laboratory by a cohort of four experienced rowers who compete in this style at National Level events in Malta. Athletes were marked with reflective markers following the modified Helen Hayes model and asked to row in a manner which mimics their on-water practise and recorded using a Vicon optoelectronic motion capture system. Data collected were compared to its equivalent using a standard sliding-seat ergometer as well as data collated from observations of athletes rowing on water, thus permitting the documentation of the manner of how this technique is performed. It was shown that this rowing style is characterised by rather asymmetric and complex kinematics, particularly upper-body movements which provides the athlete with a total-body workout involving all major muscle groups working either isometrically, to provide stability, or actively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N. Grima
- Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Siġġiewi Rowing Club, 181, Melita Street, VLT 1129 Valletta, Malta
- Correspondence: (J.N.G.); (T.P.A.)
| | - Dario Cerasola
- Italian Rowing Federation, Viale Tiziano, 74, 00196 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anabel Sciriha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Darren Sillato
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Cynthia Formosa
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Alfred Gatt
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Michael Gauci
- Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - John Xerri de Caro
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Robert Needham
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Nachiappan Chockalingam
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Tonio P. Agius
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Correspondence: (J.N.G.); (T.P.A.)
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Engstrom I, Anderson K, Bez E, Agresta C, Telfer S. The effect of foot-stretcher position and stroke rate on ergometer rowing kinematics. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285676. [PMID: 37167317 PMCID: PMC10174490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rowing ergometers are popular tools for general fitness and competitive crew teams. The effect of the equipment set up on the rowing stroke has received limited attention. This study aimed to determine the effects of altering the foot-stretcher position on rowing kinematics across different stroke rates. Eleven college-level rowers took part in this study. A rowing ergometer was modified to allow the height and angle of the foot-stretcher to be adjusted. Seven foot-stretcher positions were tested, each at rates of 22, 26, and 32 strokes per minute. Sagittal plane kinematic waveforms were compared between conditions for all major joints using statistical parametric mapping, and temporal variables were assessed (p < 0.05). Stroke rate was found to affect kinematic patterns for all joints. The effect of the foot-stretcher position was limited to the ankle and hip. Similarly, the timing of events during the rowing stroke was affected by the stroke rate, but not foot position. These results indicate that while some limited changes to the stroke technique can be caused by altering the foot-stretcher position, the changes were largely compensated for by the rowers and are generally smaller than differences between stroke rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Engstrom
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Eleanna Bez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Cristine Agresta
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Scott Telfer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), VA Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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6
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Alfőldi Z, Borysławski K, Ihasz F, Soós I, Podstawski R. Differences in the Anthropometric and Physiological Profiles of Hungarian Male Rowers of Various Age Categories, Rankings and Career Lengths: Selection Problems. Front Physiol 2021; 12:747781. [PMID: 34721071 PMCID: PMC8548758 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.747781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the anthropometric and physiological profiles of lower-ranking athletes who aspire to rise to the pinnacle of their profession. Aim: The aim of this study was to create anthropometric and physiological profiles of Hungarian male rowers of different age categories (15–16, 17–18, and over 18 years), sports rankings and career lengths. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric and physiological profiles were created for 55 juniors, 52 older juniors and 23 seniors representing seven of the largest Hungarian rowing clubs. One-way independent analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare arithmetic means. Results: Rowers in older age categories were significantly taller (185.0 ± 5.0 cm vs. 183.0 ± 7.3 cm vs. 178.7 ± 7.2 cm) and heavier (81.1 ± 8.8 kg vs. 73.7 ± 8.4 kg vs. 66.8 ± 12.3 kg) than their younger peers, with significantly higher BMI values and larger body dimensions. Compared to younger athletes, rowers in older age categories also covered 2,000 m significantly faster (6.6 ± 0.3 min vs. 6.9 ± 0.4 min vs. 7.5 ± 0.5 min) while developing significantly more power (372.2 ± 53.0 W vs. 326.8 ± 54.5 W vs. 250.6 ± 44.6 W). Similarly, seniors and older juniors had higher values of maximal oxygen uptake and force max (by 6.2 and 7.0 ml/kg/min, and by 263.4 and 169.8 N). Within the older juniors, internationally ranked rowers had significantly greater body height (+ 5.9 cm), body mass (+ 6.1 kg), sitting height (+ 2.7 cm), arm span (+ 7.9 cm), limb length (+ 3.73 cm) and body surface area (+ 0.21 m2). They also rowed 2,000 m significantly faster (–0.43 min, p < 0.001) and had significantly higher values of power (+ 58.3 W), relative power (+ 0.41 W/kg), jump height (+ 4.5 cm), speed max (+ 0.18 m/s) and force max (+ 163.22 N). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that potential differences in anthropometric and physiological profiles are more difficult to capture in non-elite rowers, and that the final outcome may be determined by external factors. Therefore, athletes with superior aptitude for rowing are more difficult to select from among lower-ranking rowers, and further research is needed to determine specific training requirements to achieve the maximum rowing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Alfőldi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Ihasz
- Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Eötvös Lóránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Imre Soós
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Podstawski
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Barratt GK, Bellenger C, Robertson EY, Lane J, Crowther RG. Validation of Plantar Pressure and Reaction Force Measured by Moticon Pressure Sensor Insoles on a Concept2 Rowing Ergometer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2418. [PMID: 33915797 PMCID: PMC8036524 DOI: 10.3390/s21072418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of plantar pressure and reaction force measured using the Moticon and Pedar-x sensor insoles while rowing on a Concept2 ergometer. Nineteen participants performed four 500 m trials of ergometer rowing at 22-24 strokes/min; two trials wearing Moticon insoles and two wearing Pedar-x insoles in a randomised order. Moticon and Pedar-x insoles both showed moderate to strong test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.57-0.92) for mean and peak plantar pressure and reaction force. Paired t-test demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.001) between Moticon and Pedar-x insoles, effect size showed a large bias (ES > 1.13), and Pearson's correlation (r < 0.37) showed poor agreement for all plantar pressure and reaction force variables. Compared to Pedar-x, the Moticon insoles demonstrated poor validity, however, the Moticon insoles had strong reliability. Due to poor validity, caution should be used when considering Moticon insoles to assess changes in pressure and force reliably over time, across multiple trials or sessions. Moticon's wireless and user-friendly application would be beneficial for assessing and monitoring biomechanical parameters in rowing if validity between measures of interest and Moticon's results can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Kate Barratt
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; (C.B.); (R.G.C.)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Clint Bellenger
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; (C.B.); (R.G.C.)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Sports Institute, 5025 Adelaide, Australia; (E.Y.R.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Jason Lane
- South Australian Sports Institute, 5025 Adelaide, Australia; (E.Y.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Robert George Crowther
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; (C.B.); (R.G.C.)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
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8
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Holt AC, Aughey RJ, Ball K, Hopkins WG, Siegel R. Technical Determinants of On-Water Rowing Performance. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:589013. [PMID: 33345160 PMCID: PMC7739831 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.589013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Research establishing relationships between measures of rowing technique and velocity is limited. In this study, measures of technique and their effect on rowing velocity were investigated. Methods: Ten male singles, eight female singles, three male pairs, and six female pairs participated. Data from each stroke for forty-seven 2,000 m races were collected using Peach PowerLine and OptimEye S5 GPS units. General linear mixed modeling established modifying effects on velocity of two within-crew SD of predictor variables for each boat class, with subsequent adjustment for power, and for power and stroke rate in separate analyses. Twenty-two predictor variables were analyzed, including measures of boat velocity, gate force, and gate angle. Results were interpreted using superiority and inferiority testing with a smallest important change in velocity of 0.3%. Results: Substantial relationships with velocity were found between most variables assessed before adjustment for power, and for power and stroke rate. Effect magnitudes were reduced for most variables after adjustment for power and further reduced after adjustment for stroke rate and power, with precision becoming inadequate in many effects. The greatest modifying effects were found for stroke rate, mean and peak force, and power output before adjustment, and for catch angle after adjustment for stroke rate and power. Substantial between-crew differences in effects were evident for most predictors in some boat classes before adjustment and in some predictors and some boat classes after adjustment for stroke rate and power. Conclusion: The results presented reveal variables associated with improvements in rowing performance and can be used to guide technical analysis and feedback by practitioners. Higher stroke rates and greater catch angles should be targeted to improve rowing performance, and rower force development for the improvement of power output. Relationships between rowing technique and velocity can be crew-dependent and are best assessed on an individual basis for some variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Holt
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sport Science Department, Victorian Institute of Sport, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Aughey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Ball
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William G Hopkins
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney Siegel
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sport Science Department, Victorian Institute of Sport, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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9
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de Almeida-Neto PF, da Silva LF, de Matos DG, Jeffreys I, Cesário TDM, Neto RB, Barbosa WDA, Aidar FJ, Dantas PMS, Cabral BGDAT. Equation for analyzing the peak power in aquatic environment: An alternative for olympic rowing athletes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243157. [PMID: 33332449 PMCID: PMC7746302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an equation to provide the peak power (PP) through a specific stimulus performed in an aquatic environment, as well as to correlate morphological, anthropometric and strength variables with rowing performance. METHODS The sample consisted of 16 elite young rowing athletes of both sexes (15.7 ± 1.21 years). The strength of upper limbs and lower limbs was verified. To analyze the PP, a 100-m Sprint test was performed on an indoor rowing type ergometer, and after a 72-hour wash-out, the test was repeated in an aquatic environment on a vessel equipped with a global position system. Body composition was analyzed by examining bone densitometry with an X-ray source and maturation was verified by anthropometry. RESULTS The tests for water sprint and indoor rowing showed significant reliability (ICC = 0.695; p = 0.0007). The PP aquatic showed reliability with that acquired in indoor rowing (ICC = 0.897; p<0.0001) and was related to maturation (p<0.05). The morphology, anthropometry and strength of the upper limbs were related to the sprint and peak strength in both tests (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The equation for the PP in aquatic environment presented by the present study is highly reliable with an indoor ergometer digital ergometer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luíz Felipe da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Dihogo Gama de Matos
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Trás dos Montes and Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Healt and Paralympic Sports GEPEPS, The Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ian Jeffreys
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Rui Barboza Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Almeida Barbosa
- Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics—Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Healt and Paralympic Sports GEPEPS, The Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Master’s Level at Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazi
- Program of Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
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10
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Silva FBMD, Campos MS, Soares GR, Gomes AC, Torres FC. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NATIONAL EVALUATION SYSTEM AND THE PERFORMANCE OF BRAZILIAN ROWERS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202606214979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: The National Rower Evaluation System [Sistema Nacional de Avaliação do Remador] (SNAR), adopted by the Brazilian Rowing Confederation, aims to establish a national ranking, and is a prerequisite to participation in National Championships and Selective Games, in its different categories, as well as for joining the Brazilian Rowing Team. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship and the prediction of the SNAR results with competitors’ times in a Brazilian Rowing Championship (CBR). Methods: The investigation involved 11 female rowers (18.00 ± 0.89 years) and 16 male rowers (18.18 ± 0.91 years), participants in a CBR, in the junior category. The research was qualitative, with content analysis of the data available on the Confederation's website. Results: In the junior female category, of the ten variables studied, three showed a correlation r≥0.50; in the junior male category, nine showed a correlation r≥0.50. The multiple linear regression equation, with all the variables studied, showed R2 = 0.86 and SEE = 5.30, in the female category; and R2 = 0.90 and SEE = 3.56, in the male category. Conclusion: Based on our results, the tests indicated by SNAR can be an important source of information, offering significant support for managers, athletes and coaching staff, for use in performance diagnosis and in particular, competition prognosis. It can also be used to adapt training schedule where necessary. Level of evidence I; Diagnostic studies-Investigation of a diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Carlos Gomes
- Academia Brasileira de Treinadores do Comitê Olímpico do Brasil, Brazil; Universidade Paulista, Brazil
| | - Fernando Carmelo Torres
- Academia Brasileira de Treinadores do Comitê Olímpico do Brasil, Brazil; Universidade Paulista, Brazil
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Silva FBMD, Brito JPRGMD, Gomes AC. OLYMPIC ROWING: MODEL OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF INTERNATIONAL LEVEL ELITE FEMALE ATHLETES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202602218337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: High-performance training should focus on motor capability determinants in competition to make physical preparation effective. Objective: To analyze and draw up an elite model based on competitive activity, to guide the theory and practice of female rowers, using data on the 42 finalists of the 2010-2018 world championships. Methods: Forty-two rowers from 2010-2018 world championships participated in the study, final A, women's single scull without weight restrictions. The statistical comparison was performed and differences between 500 meter splits analyzed for each variable were discussed. Results: Strong correlation was observed between time (r=-0.99, p<0.01), power (r=0.99, p<0.01), technical level (r=0.99, p<0.01) and speed. In the competitive model, the relationship between speed at 2000 meters and time (r=-0.96, p<0.01), speed (r=0.94, p<0.01) and power (r=0.96, p<0.01) showed a strong correlation with speed in the splits of the third 500 meters of the race. In terms of stroke rate (r=-0.56, p<0.01) and stroke length (r=0.54, p<0.01), the strongest correlation occurs at the start, in the first 100 meters of competition. Conclusion: Having performed these analyses, it is possible to confirm the need to investigate competitive activity in order to supplement the rower's fitness preparation system. Level of evidence I; Diagnostic studies-Investigating a diagnostic test.
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Configurable 3D Rowing Model Renders Realistic Forces on a Simulator for Indoor Training. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In rowing, rowers need outdoor and indoor training to develop a proficient technique. Although numerous indoor rowing machines have been proposed, none of the devices can realistically render the haptic, visual, and auditory characteristics of an actual rowing scenario. In our laboratory, we developed a simulator to support rowing training indoors. However, rendered forces with the initial rowing model, which was based on a simplified fluid dynamic model that approximated the drag/lift forces, were not perceived realistic enough for indoor training by expert rowers. Therefore, we implemented a new model for the blade–water interaction forces, which incorporates the three-dimensional rotation of the oar and continuously adjusts drag/lift coefficients. Ten expert rowers were asked to evaluate both models for various rowing aspects. In addition, the effect of individualization of model parameters on the perceived realism of rowing forces was elaborated. Based on the answers of the experts, we concluded that the new model rendered realistically resistive forces and ensured a smooth transition of forces within a rowing cycle. Additionally, we found that individualization of parameters significantly improved the perceived realism of the simulator. Equipped with a configurable rowing model, our simulator provides a realistic indoor training platform for rowers.
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A Pilot Study on the e-Kayak System: A Wireless DAQ Suited for Performance Analysis in Flatwater Sprint Kayaks. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20020542. [PMID: 31963791 PMCID: PMC7014492 DOI: 10.3390/s20020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, in modern elite sport, the identification of the best training strategies which are useful in obtaining improvements during competitions requires an accurate measure of the physiologic and biomechanical parameters that affect performance. The goal of this pilot study was to investigate the capabilities of the e-Kayak system, a multichannel digital acquisition system specifically tailored for flatwater sprint kayaking application. e-Kayak allows the synchronous measure of all the parameters involved in kayak propulsion, both dynamic (including forces acting on the paddle and footrest) and kinematic (including stroke frequency, displacement, velocity, acceleration, roll, yaw, and pitch of the boat). After a detailed description of the system, we investigate its capability in supporting coaches to evaluate the performance of elite athletes' trough-specific measurements. This approach allows for a better understanding of the paddler's motion and the relevant effects on kayak behavior. The system allows the coach to carry out a wide study of kayak propulsion highlighting, and, at the same time, the occurrences of specific technical flaws in the paddling technique. In order to evaluate the correctness of the measurement results acquired in this pilot study, these results were compared with others which are available in the literature and which were obtained from subjects with similar characteristics.
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