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Quintana-Cepedal M, López-Aguado I, Fernández-Somoano A, Rodríguez MÁ, del Valle M, Olmedillas H. Injury incidence and characteristics in adolescent female football players: A systematic review with meta-analysis of prospective studies. Biol Sport 2024; 41:137-151. [PMID: 38952921 PMCID: PMC11167467 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.132996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
To observe overall, training, and match injury incidence in female youth football. We also aimed to quantify the incidence of injuries by affected tissue and body location. The following databases were examined: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane and PEDro. Papers that reported overall injury incidence, training or match injury incidence were included. Additionally, studies had to be performed in adolescent female football players (13-19 years of age). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the checklist of items that must be included in epidemiological football reports were used to assess methodological quality of the included articles. For the meta-analyses, a random effect model was used. A total of 13 studies were included. There were 2,333 injuries; incidence was higher during games (12.7/1000 h) compared to training sessions (2.3/1000 h). The injury match-to-training ratio was 5.8. The lower limbs were the region in which the greatest number of injuries occurred, with the ankle (1.2/1000 h) and knee (0.8/1000 h) having the most injuries. In relation to injured tissue, ligament injuries represented an incidence of 1.3/1000 h, followed by muscle injuries (0.9/1000 h). This study represents the first step towards the creation and implementation of preventative measures in female youth football. The results suggest that attention should be focused on ankle and knee injuries, since they are the most frequent and can lead to sport retirement in some cases depending on the severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Quintana-Cepedal
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Asturian Research Group in Performance, Readaptation, Training and Health (ASTURES), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias-Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERSP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel del Valle
- Asturian Research Group in Performance, Readaptation, Training and Health (ASTURES), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Cellular Morphology and Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Hugo Olmedillas
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Asturian Research Group in Performance, Readaptation, Training and Health (ASTURES), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Aiello F, Avery L, Gardner T, Rutherford H, McCall A, Impellizzeri FM, Peek K, Della Villa F, Massey A, Serner A. Broadening our understanding of injury mechanisms to include at-risk situations: an overview of potential injuries at the FIFA men's World Cup Qatar 2022 TM. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38935553 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2372304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to examine and describe the characteristics of potential injury situations during a men's professional international tournament quantified using the FIFA Football Language Medical Coding. A prospective study was conducted during the 64 matches of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™, during which five analysts recorded potential injury situations from video analysis. "Potential injuries" were recorded when players stayed down > 5 s and/or requested medical attention. Characteristics were further recorded for variables such as opponent's action and body location. In total, 720 potential injury situations were recorded of which 139 required medical assessment. The actions which resulted in most potential injuries were running while receiving a pass (74; 10%), while passing the ball (59; 8%), and while progressing with the ball (48; 7%). Duels and ball progression led to a potential injury in 3.0% and 2.1% of all similar actions in total. Both aerial duels and ball progression led to an potential injury that required medical assessment on 0.4% of occasions. Most potential injuries involved the head (149; 21%), foot (120; 17%), or lower leg (110; 15%) with most medical assessments of the head (35; 25%), lower leg (17; 12%), and knee (15; 11%) with a median duration of 47 seconds (IQR 28-61). This study provides a detailed overview of match circumstances that may have a higher injury risk. Although some variables within the coding system need improvement to increase reliability, its use will allow a more detailed comparison of differences between high-risk player actions leading to injury and those that do not, which can improve future prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aiello
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lewis Avery
- FIFA Football Performance Insights, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Gardner
- FIFA Football Performance Insights, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harvey Rutherford
- FIFA Football Performance Insights, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan McCall
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Franco M Impellizzeri
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerry Peek
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Francesco Della Villa
- Education & Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrew Massey
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Serner
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
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Peek K, Ross A, Andersen TE, Meyer T, Dahlen S, Georgieva J, Williamson PR, Clarke M, Serner A. Heading in football: a systematic review of descriptors, definitions, and reporting methods used in heading incidence studies. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38855969 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2362191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this systematic review was to describe the number and type of heading descriptors used in all published studies which report on heading incidence in football. The secondary objective was to detail the data collection and reporting methods used in the included studies to present heading incidence data. Eligible studies were identified through searches of five electronic databases: Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science, using a combination of free-text keywords (inception to 12th September 2023). Manual searching of reference lists and retrieved systematic reviews was also performed. A descriptive overview and synthesis of the results is presented. From 1620 potentially eligible studies, 71 studies were included, with the following key findings: 1) only 61% of studies defined a header with even fewer (23%) providing an operational definition of a header within the methods; 2) important study and player demographic data including year and country were often not reported; 3) reported heading descriptors and their coding options varied greatly; 4) visual identification of headers was essential when inertial measurement units were used to collect heading incidence data; and 5) there was a lack of standardisation in the reporting methods used in heading incidence studies making comparison between studies challenging. To address these findings, the development of a standardised, internationally supported, operational definition of a header and related heading descriptors should be prioritised. Further recommendations include the development of minimum reporting criteria for heading incidence research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Peek
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Ross
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Sport, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Football Association's Sports Medical Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Sara Dahlen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Georgieva
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paula R Williamson
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mike Clarke
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Andreas Serner
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
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Beech J, Jones B, Hughes T, Emmonds S. Injury Profile in Youth Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:1207-1230. [PMID: 38263483 PMCID: PMC11127887 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of epidemiological studies assessing the incidence, prevalence and severity of injury in youth female sport are available. However, no study has sought to synthesise the current evidence base across all youth female sport. As such, a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury in this cohort is necessary to understand the diversity of injury and its associated burden between sports in addition to identifying the density of research available. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in youth female athletes with particular attention to injury incidence, mean days lost and injury burden. METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed, EBSCO (SPORTDiscus with Full Text MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete) and Cochrane databases. Studies were considered if they reported time-loss injury incidence or prevalence in youth female (≤ 19 years old) athletes. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using STROBE-SIIS extension, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and funnel plots, respectively. Injury incidence and burden rate data were modelled using a mixed-effect Poisson regression model. Days lost data were modelled using a generalised linear mixed model. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included. The overall incidence rate, mean days lost per injury, and burden rate were 4.4 injuries per 1000 h (95% CI 3.3-5.9), 10 days (95% CI 6-15), and 46 days per 1000 h (95% CI 23-92), respectively. Forty percent of athletes sustained at least one time-loss injury. Competitive level was a significant moderator of match and training injury incidence, with elite youth athletes presenting greater pooled injury incidence estimates than non-elite athletes (p = 0.0315 and p = 0.0047, respectively). The influence of moderators on days lost and injury burden could not be determined due to an insufficient number of studies for analysis. CONCLUSION Despite a broad inclusion criterion, there is limited injury surveillance research available across youth female sport. Outside of soccer, little research density is evidenced with single studies available in popular team sports such as Australian football and rugby union. Insufficient study numbers reporting mean days lost and injury burden data were available for analysis, and pooled days lost data could only be estimated for soccer. This highlights a need for future research to report days lost data alongside injury number and exposure so burden can be calculated and the full risk of injury to youth female athletes can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Beech
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Hughes
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Stacey Emmonds
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
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Aiello F. Development of a standardised method for the analysis of mechanisms and circumstances of injury in football (PhD Academy Award). Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:289-290. [PMID: 38050031 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aiello
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
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Aiello F, Di Claudio C, Fanchini M, Impellizzeri FM, McCall A, Sharp C, Brown SJ. Do non-contact injuries occur during high-speed running in elite football? Preliminary results from a novel GPS and video-based method. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:465-470. [PMID: 37544819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding how injuries occur (inciting circumstances) is useful for developing etiological hypotheses and prevention strategies. The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate the feasibility of a method combining video and Global Positioning System data to estimate the speed and acceleration of activities leading to injuries and 2) to use this method to analyse the inciting circumstances leading to non-contact injuries. DESIGN Retrospective descriptive study. METHODS Injury inciting circumstances from 46 elite players over three seasons were analysed from video recordings and from external load measures collected through Catapult Vector S7 Global Positioning System. RESULTS In total 34 non-contact injuries were analysed. Sixteen out of the seventeen hamstring injuries occurred when players were running for (median and interquartile range) 16.75 m (8.42-26.65 m) and achieved a peak speed of 29.28 km·h-1 (26.61-31.13 km·h-1) which corresponded to 87.55 % of players' maximal speed (78.5 %-89.75 %). Of the three adductor injuries, one occurred whilst the player was decelerating without the ball, one occurred whilst the player was accelerating and controlling the ball at knee level, and one occurred whilst the player was performing an instep kick. Two quadriceps injuries occurred whilst the players were kicking either whilst walking or running. CONCLUSIONS From the preliminary results reported in this study most hamstring injuries occurred when players ran >25 km·h-1 and above 80 % of their maximal speed. This study suggests that this novel approach can allow a detailed and standardised analysis of injury inciting circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aiello
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, UK; School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, UK. https://twitter.com/Fr_Aiello
| | | | - Maurizio Fanchini
- AS Roma Football Club, Roma, Italy; University of Verona, Italy. https://twitter.com/Maurizi13707619
| | - Franco M Impellizzeri
- Faculty of Health, Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney, Australia. https://twitter.com/francoimpell
| | - Alan McCall
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, UK; School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, UK. https://twitter.com/Alan_McCall_
| | | | - Susan J Brown
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, UK.
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