Commotio Cordis in 2023

Diagnosis and management of blunt cardiac injury: What you need to know

ABSTRACT

Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) encompasses a wide spectrum, from occult and inconsequential contusion to rapidly fatal cardiac rupture. A small percentage of patients present with abnormal electrocardiogram or shock, but most are initially asymptomatic. The potential for sudden dysrhythmia or cardiac pump failure mandates consideration of the presence of BCI, including appropriate monitoring and management. In this review, we will present what you need to know to diagnose and manage BCI.

Traumatic Cardiac Arrest-A Narrative Review

A paradigm shift in traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) perception switched the traditional belief of futility of TCA resuscitation to a more optimistic perspective, at least in selected cases. The goal of TCA resuscitation is to rapidly and aggressively treat the common potentially reversible causes of TCA. Advances in diagnostics and therapy in TCA are ongoing; however, they are not always translating into improved outcomes. Further research is needed to improve outcome in this often young and previously healthy patient population.

Commotio Cordis: A Comprehensive Review

Commotio cordis is a rare, however, potentially fatal, cardiovascular phenomenon arising from direct chest wall trauma, causing sudden cardiac arrest and potentially death. It is primarily seen in young athletes who participate in contact and organized sports. Though debated, the cause of commotio cordis is believed to involve specific timing of chest impact during ventricular electrical activity leading to severe arrhythmic events. Due to sudden onset, the first step in management is immediate and effective basic life support with automated external defibrillation, followed by advanced cardiac life support. Future considerations should include secondary prevention measures such as protective padding in contact sports. It is paramount that clinicians are vigilant in recognizing potential cases of commotio cordis in the field and provide immediate care. This review consolidates the current understanding of commotio cordis, emphasizing the importance of awareness and early intervention. Future research is warranted, including retrospective and observational studies to identify high-risk patterns or trends associated with the condition.