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Azpiroz MA, Orguilia L, Palacio MI, Malpartida A, Mayol S, Mor G, Gutiérrez G. Potential biomarkers of infertility associated with microbiome imbalances. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13438. [PMID: 33960055 PMCID: PMC8464490 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between vaginal/rectal microbiome disbalances and miRNA expression with infertility. METHOD OF STUDY Observational, exploratory, preliminary study. A total of 287 multiple IVF failure infertile patients were recruited. Twenty fertile women, not IVF failure, were recruited as the control group. Swab samples were collected from the vagina and rectum. Microbial composition by NGS and miRNA expression by real-time PCR of vaginal and rectal samples was measured. Immunometabolic markers from blood (insulin, vitamin D, LDL-cholesterol, ANA, TPO, Tg, and ASCA antibodies) and saliva (sIgA) were analyzed. RESULT(S) Infertile patients showed a lower bacterial richness and increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at rectal level and an increased Lactobacillus brevis/Lactobacillus iners ratio in vaginal samples regarding the fertile group. In the same rectal swab samples, we found that miR-21-5p, which is associated with tight junction disruption and yeast overgrowth, is upregulated and that miR-155-5p, which is associated with inflammation, is overexpressed in the unexplained infertile group (*p < .05). These deregulated miRNAs were also upregulated in the vaginal samples from the same patients (*p < .05). CONCLUSION miRNAs could be potential biomarkers of the inflammatory impact of microbiome disbalances in unexplained infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucila Orguilia
- Inmunogenesis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Gil Mor
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Ahlawat S, Kumar P, Mohan H, Goyal S, Sharma KK. Inflammatory bowel disease: tri-directional relationship between microbiota, immune system and intestinal epithelium. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:254-273. [PMID: 33576711 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1876631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota contributes to host nutrition and metabolism, sustains intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation, and modulates host immune system. The alterations in their composition lead to severe gut disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS). IBD including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are gamut of chronic inflammatory disorders of gut, mediated by complex interrelations among genetic, environmental, and internal factors. IBD has debateable aetiology, however in recent years, exploring the central role of a tri-directional relationship between gut microbiota, mucosal immune system, and intestinal epithelium in pathogenesis is getting the most attention. Increasing incidences and early onset explains the exponential rise in IBD burden on health-care systems. Industrialization, hypersensitivity to allergens, lifestyle, hygiene hypothesis, loss of intestinal worms, and gut microbial composition, explains this shifted rise. Hitherto, the interventions modulating gut microbiota composition, microfluidics-based in vitro gastrointestinal models, non-allergic functional foods, nutraceuticals, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors are some of the futuristic approaches for the disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Ahlawat
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Pt. BD Sharma Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Pinto-Sanchez MI, Seiler CL, Santesso N, Alaedini A, Semrad C, Lee AR, Bercik P, Lebwohl B, Leffler DA, Kelly CP, Moayyedi P, Green PH, Verdu EF. Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:884-903.e31. [PMID: 32416141 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There is controversy over the association between celiac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess evidence for an association between CeD and IBD. METHODS We searched databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL, DARE, and SIGLE through June 25, 2019 for studies assessing the risk of CeD in patients with IBD, and IBD in patients with CeD, compared with controls of any type. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to evaluate the risk of bias and GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS We identified 9791 studies and included 65 studies in our analysis. Moderate certainty evidence found an increased risk of CeD in patients with IBD vs controls (risk ratio [RR] 3.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23-7.02) and increased risk of IBD in patients with CeD vs controls (RR 9.88; 95% CI 4.03-24.21). There was low-certainty evidence for the risk of anti-Saccharomyces antibodies, a serologic marker of IBD, in patients with CeD vs controls (RR 6.22; 95% CI 2.44-15.84). There was low-certainty evidence for no difference in risk of HLA-DQ2 or DQ8 in patients with IBD vs controls (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.42-2.56), and very low-certainty evidence for an increased risk of anti-tissue transglutaminase in patients with IBD vs controls (RR 1.52; 95% CI 0.52-4.40). Patients with IBD had a slight decrease in risk of anti-endomysial antibodies vs controls (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.18-2.74), but these results are uncertain. CONCLUSIONS In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found an increased risk of IBD in patients with CeD and increased risk of CeD in patients with IBD, compared with other patient populations. High-quality prospective cohort studies are needed to assess the risk of CeD-specific and IBD-specific biomarkers in patients with IBD and CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ines Pinto-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline L Seiler
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Santesso
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Armin Alaedini
- Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Carol Semrad
- Celiac Disease Center at University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anne R Lee
- Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Daniel A Leffler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ciaran P Kelly
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter H Green
- Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Grinman AB, de Souza MDGC, Bouskela E, Carvalho ATP, de Souza HSP. Clinical and laboratory markers associated with anti-TNF-alpha trough levels and anti-drug antibodies in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19359. [PMID: 32150077 PMCID: PMC7478556 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring anti-TNF agents in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may be helpful in optimizing outcomes. We aimed to evaluate potential correlations among demographic, clinical, laboratory, or imaging parameters, as well as serum levels of infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) and their respective antibodies, in the clinical management of IBD patients.A cross-sectional study of 95 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in maintenance therapy with infliximab or adalimumab was performed. Drug trough levels and anti-drug levels were determined using ELISA-based assays.Regarding the serum IFX dosage, patients with higher relative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels had significantly lower relative serum IFX levels (<3 μg/mL) (P = .028). In contrast, higher concentrations of anti-IFX antibodies were found in patients who were not on concomitant immunomodulators (P = .022) and who had more biological-related adverse events (P = .001) and higher levels of CRP (P = .042). Serum CRP levels were also negatively correlated with IFX (CC = -0.315; P = .033) but positively correlated with the presence of IFX antibodies (CC = 0.327; P = .027). Serum albumin dosage showed a positive correlation with levels of both IFX (CC = 0.379; P = .004) and ADA (CC = 0.699; P = .003).Although anti-TNF-α trough levels and immunogenicity do not show a significant correlation with disease outcome, our results reinforce the use of combination therapy for patients treated with infliximab. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of significant associations between anti-TNF-α trough levels and immunogenicity with body mass index (BMI), the concomitant use of immunomodulators, the rates of side effects, and laboratory markers, including serum albumin and CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliete Bouskela
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-900, Brazil
| | | | - Heitor S. P. de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 1. Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
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Whiteoak SR, Claridge A, Balendran CA, Harris RJ, Gwiggner M, Bondanese VP, Erlandsson F, Hansen MB, Cummings JRF, Sanchez-Elsner T. MicroRNA-31 Targets Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Mucosal Infiltrated CD4+ T Cells: A Role in Achieving Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2377-2385. [PMID: 29889228 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by disruption of the mucosal intestinal barrier. MicroRNAs, single-stranded noncoding RNAs of approximately 22nt, are dysregulated in UC. MicroRNAs targeting thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine involved in T-cell maturation and polarization, may be involved in regulating UC inflammation and mucosal healing. METHODS Biopsy samples from non-UC (n = 38), inactive UC (n = 18), and active UC (n = 23) patients were analyzed for mRNA (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) or TSLP protein expression (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Flow cytometry was used to isolate CD4+ T cells from biopsies. The functional mechanism was shown using luciferase assays and antago-miR transfections. The TSLP/miR-31 association was analyzed on 196 subjects from a previous clinical trial that tested the anti-IL-13 drug tralokinumab, whereas mucosal healing effects were studied on a subset of patients (n = 13) from this trial. RESULTS We found that TSLP is reduced at both mRNA and protein levels in inflamed UC patients when compared with healthy subjects, in both whole biopsies and biopsy-isolated CD4+ CD25+ T cells. The expression of miR-31, predicted to target TSLP, inversely co-related to the levels of TSLP mRNA in T cells. Blocking miR-31 in vitro in T cells increased both TSLP mRNA expression and protein secretion. Luciferase assays showed that miR-31 directly targeted TSLP mRNA, suggesting a direct mechanistic link. We also found that TSLP is increased in patients who achieve mucosal healing, comparing biopsies before and after treatment from the tralokinumab trial. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a role for TSLP in promoting mucosal healing and regulating inflammation in UC, whereas miR-31 can directly block this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Whiteoak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Claridge
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard J Harris
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Gwiggner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Victor P Bondanese
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Berner Hansen
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.,Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R Fraser Cummings
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Cummins G, Yung DE, Cox BF, Koulaouzidis A, Desmulliez MPY, Cochran S. Luminally expressed gastrointestinal biomarkers. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:1119-1134. [PMID: 28849686 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1373017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker is a measurable indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses. The identification of a useful biomarker is challenging, with several hurdles to overcome before clinical adoption. This review gives a general overview of a range of biomarkers associated with inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer along the gastrointestinal tract. Areas covered: These markers include those that are already clinically accepted, such as inflammatory markers such as faecal calprotectin, S100A12 (Calgranulin C), Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABP), malignancy markers such as Faecal Occult Blood, Mucins, Stool DNA, Faecal microRNA (miRNA), other markers such as Faecal Elastase, Faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin, Alpha2-macroglobulin and possible future markers such as microbiota, volatile organic compounds and pH. Expert commentary: There are currently a few biomarkers that have been sufficiently validated for routine clinical use at present such as FC. However, many of these biomarkers continue to be limited in sensitivity and specificity for various GI diseases. Emerging biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnosis and monitoring but further study is required to determine efficacy and validate clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Cummins
- a Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Diana E Yung
- b The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh , Endoscopy Unit , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Ben F Cox
- c School of Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | | | - Marc P Y Desmulliez
- a Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Sandy Cochran
- d Medical and Industrial Ultrasonics, School of Engineering , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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