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Cho D, Lord SJ, Ward R, IJzerman M, Mitchell A, Thomas DM, Cheyne S, Martin A, Morton RL, Simes J, Lee CK. Criteria for assessing evidence for biomarker-targeted therapies in rare cancers-an extrapolation framework. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241273062. [PMID: 39229469 PMCID: PMC11369883 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241273062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in targeted therapy development and tumor sequencing technology are reclassifying cancers into smaller biomarker-defined diseases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often impractical in rare diseases, leading to calls for single-arm studies to be sufficient to inform clinical practice based on a strong biological rationale. However, without RCTs, favorable outcomes are often attributed to therapy but may be due to a more indolent disease course or other biases. When the clinical benefit of targeted therapy in a common cancer is established in RCTs, this benefit may extend to rarer cancers sharing the same biomarker. However, careful consideration of the appropriateness of extending the existing trial evidence beyond specific cancer types is required. A framework for extrapolating evidence for biomarker-targeted therapies to rare cancers is needed to support transparent decision-making. Objectives To construct a framework outlining the breadth of criteria essential for extrapolating evidence for a biomarker-targeted therapy generated from RCTs in common cancers to different rare cancers sharing the same biomarker. Design A series of questions articulating essential criteria for extrapolation. Methods The framework was developed from the core topics for extrapolation identified from a previous scoping review of methodological guidance. Principles for extrapolation outlined in guidance documents from the European Medicines Agency, the US Food and Drug Administration, and Australia's Medical Services Advisory Committee were incorporated. Results We propose a framework for assessing key assumptions of similarity of the disease and treatment outcomes between the common and rare cancer for five essential components: prognosis of the biomarker-defined cancer, biomarker test analytical validity, biomarker actionability, treatment efficacy, and safety. Knowledge gaps identified can be used to prioritize future studies. Conclusion This framework will allow systematic assessment, standardize regulatory, reimbursement and clinical decision-making, and facilitate transparent discussions between key stakeholders in drug assessment for rare biomarker-defined cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doah Cho
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Locked Bag 77, Camperdown, NSW 1450, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Lord
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn Ward
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Maarten IJzerman
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Health Economics Wellbeing and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David M. Thomas
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Saskia Cheyne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Martin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachael L. Morton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John Simes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Chee Khoon Lee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Rakhimbekova F, Kaidarova DR, Orazgalieva M, Ryspambetov Z, Buzdin A, Anapiyayev B. Cancer Incidence Relation to Heavy Metals in Soils of Kyzylorda Region of Kazakhstan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:1987-1995. [PMID: 38918660 PMCID: PMC11382870 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.6.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of soil pollution factors such as heavy metal ions with the incidence of cancer in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. METHODS Concentrations of heavy metal ions in the soils of different sites of Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan, were sampled and correlated with incidence of cancer in 2021. RESULTS Chromium content in the soil exceeded maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in the samples for all sites except Kazaly and Shieli, and the highest excess of 2.8 MPC was found in Terenozek. Content of copper, lead, and cobalt ions was also increased and varied in the range 1.9-15.4, 1.2-4, and 1.2-2.44 MPC, respectively. In addition, lung cancer incidence was statistically significantly correlated with soil concentration to MPC ratio of copper, cobalt, and lead; colorectal cancer was correlated with soil concentration of chromium. Cases of invasive cancer and mutations were recorded Terenozek and Kyzylorda areas. CONCLUSION The higher the soil concentration correlate with higher cancer incidence in Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Rakhimbekova
- Chemical Processes and Industrial Ecology Department, Mining and Metallurgical Institute named after O.A. Baikonurov, Satbayev University, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Madina Orazgalieva
- Kazakh National Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Anton Buzdin
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Federation
| | - Bakytzhan Anapiyayev
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Geology and Oil-gas Business Institute named after K.Turyssov, Satbayev University, Kazakhstan
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Meng M, Zhong K, Jiang T, Liu Z, Kwan HY, Su T. The current understanding on the impact of KRAS on colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111717. [PMID: 34044280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS (kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene) is a member of the RAS family. KRAS mutations are one of most dominant mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC). The impact of KRAS mutations on the prognosis and survival of CRC patients drives many research studies to explore potential therapeutics or target therapy for the KRAS mutant CRC. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathological consequences of the KRAS mutations in the development of CRC; and the impact of the mutations on the response and the sensitivity to the current front-line chemotherapy. The current therapeutic strategies for treating KRAS mutant CRC, the difficulties and challenges will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Meng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Keying Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tao Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Chen CL, Chen CK, Ho CL, Chi WM, Yeh CH, Hu SP, Friebe P, Palmer S, Huang CS. Clinical Evaluation of IntelliPlex™ KRAS G12/13 Mutation Kit for Detection of KRAS Mutations in Codon 12 and 13: A Novel Multiplex Approach. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:645-656. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lee SH, Chung AM, Lee A, Oh WJ, Choi YJ, Lee YS, Jung ES. KRAS Mutation Test in Korean Patients with Colorectal Carcinomas: A Methodological Comparison between Sanger Sequencing and a Real-Time PCR-Based Assay. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 51:24-31. [PMID: 28013534 PMCID: PMC5267542 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the KRAS gene have been identified in approximately 50% of colorectal cancers (CRCs). KRAS mutations are well established biomarkers in anti–epidermal growth factor receptor therapy. Therefore, assessment of KRAS mutations is needed in CRC patients to ensure appropriate treatment. Methods We compared the analytical performance of the cobas test to Sanger sequencing in 264 CRC cases. In addition, discordant specimens were evaluated by 454 pyrosequencing. Results KRAS mutations for codons 12/13 were detected in 43.2% of cases (114/264) by Sanger sequencing. Of 257 evaluable specimens for comparison, KRAS mutations were detected in 112 cases (43.6%) by Sanger sequencing and 118 cases (45.9%) by the cobas test. Concordance between the cobas test and Sanger sequencing for each lot was 93.8% positive percent agreement (PPA) and 91.0% negative percent agreement (NPA) for codons 12/13. Results from the cobas test and Sanger sequencing were discordant for 20 cases (7.8%). Twenty discrepant cases were subsequently subjected to 454 pyrosequencing. After comprehensive analysis of the results from combined Sanger sequencing–454 pyrosequencing and the cobas test, PPA was 97.5% and NPA was 100%. Conclusions The cobas test is an accurate and sensitive test for detecting KRAS-activating mutations and has analytical power equivalent to Sanger sequencing. Prescreening using the cobas test with subsequent application of Sanger sequencing is the best strategy for routine detection of KRAS mutations in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hak Lee
- Departments of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arthur Minwoo Chung
- Departments of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Departments of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Oh
- Departments of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Choi
- Departments of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Lee
- Departments of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Departments of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Li M. Statistical Methods for Clinical Validation of Follow-On Companion Diagnostic Devices via an External Concordance Study. Stat Biopharm Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19466315.2016.1202859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Zhao X, Chang CC, Chuang TL, Lin CW. Detection of KRAS mutations of colorectal cancer with peptide-nucleic-acid-mediated real-time PCR clamping. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1228479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Liang Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Wann Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
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