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Du Y, Liu J, Hao Q, Wang S, Zhang A, Li Y, Feng N. Effects of miR-214 on adenosine A2A receptor and carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles on the function of keloid fibroblasts and their mechanisms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4896. [PMID: 38418830 PMCID: PMC10901826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This work prepared and investigated the impact of carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (MC-NPs) on the proliferative capability of keloid fibroblasts (KFBs) while analyzing the mechanistic roles of miR-214 and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in fibroblasts within hypertrophic scars. MC-NPs were synthesized through ion cross-linking, were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser particle size scattering. The influence of MC-NPs on the proliferation capacity of KFBs was assessed using the MTT method. Changes in the expression levels of miR-214 and A2AR in KFBs, normal skin fibroblasts (NFBs), hypertrophic scar tissue, and normal skin tissue were analyzed. KFBs were categorized into anti-miR-214, anti-miR-NC, miR-214 mimics, miR-NC, si-A2AR, si-con, anti-miR-214+ si-con, and anti-miR-214+ si-A2AR groups. Bioinformatics target prediction was conducted to explore the interaction between miR-214 and A2AR. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting (WB) were employed to detect the expression levels of miR-214, A2AR, apoptotic protein Bax, and TGF-β in different cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry were employed to assess cell proliferation activity and apoptosis. The results indicated that MC-NPs exhibited spherical particles with an average diameter of 236.47 ± 4.98 nm. The cell OD value in the MC-NPs group was lower than that in KFBs (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of miR-214 in KFBs and hypertrophic scar tissue were lower than those in NFBs and normal tissue (P < 0.001), while the mRNA and protein levels of A2AR were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group and anti-miR-NC, the anti-miR-214 group showed significantly increased cell OD values and Bcl-2 protein expression (P < 0.001), decreased levels of apoptotic gene Bax protein, TGF-β gene mRNA, and protein expression (P < 0.001). Continuous complementary binding sites were identified between miR-214 and A2AR. Compared to the control group, the si-A2AR group exhibited a significant decrease in A2AR gene mRNA and protein expression levels (P < 0.001), reduced cell viability (P < 0.001), increased apoptosis rate (P < 0.001), and a significant elevation in TGF-β protein expression (P < 0.001). miR-214 targetedly regulated the expression of A2AR, inducing changes in TGF-β content, promoting the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi City, 214000, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, NO.2 Wuxi People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi City, 214000, China
| | - Qing Hao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221000, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221000, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221000, China
| | - Yongzhong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi City, 214000, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi City, 214000, China.
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Mao J, Chen L, Qian S, Wang Y, Zhao B, Zhao Q, Lu B, Mao X, Zhai P, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Sun X. Transcriptome network analysis of inflammation and fibrosis in keloids. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:62-73. [PMID: 38242738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloid (KL) is a common benign skin tumor. KL is typically characterized by significant fibrosis and an intensive inflammatory response. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between cellular inflammation and fibrotic cells is essential to elucidate the mechanisms driving the progression of KL and to develop therapeutics. OBJECTIVE Investigate the transcriptome landscape of inflammation and fibrosis in keloid scars. METHODS In this paper, we performed transcriptome sequencing and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing on unselected live cells from six human keloid tissues and normal skin tissues to elucidate a comprehensive transcriptome landscape. In addition, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to analyze intercellular communication networks and enrich fibroblast populations in two additional keloid and normal skin samples to study fibroblast diversity. RESULTS By RNA sequencing and a miRNA-mRNA-PPI network analysis, we identified miR-615-5p and miR-122b-3p as possible miRNAs associated with keloids, as they differed most significantly in keloids. Similarly, COL3A1, COL1A2, THBS2, TNC, IGTA, THBS4, TGFB3 as genes with significant differences in keloid may be associated with keloid development. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data from 24,086 cells collected from normal or keloid, we report reconstructed intercellular signaling network analysis and aggregation to modules associated with specific cell subpopulations at the cellular level for keloid alterations. CONCLUSIONS Our multitranscriptomic dataset delineates inflammatory and fibro heterogeneity of human keloids, underlining the importance of intercellular crosstalk between inflammatory cells and fibro cells and revealing potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shutong Qian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binfan Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bolun Lu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyuan Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peisong Zhai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liucheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Guo Y, Wang H, Lyu R, Wang J, Wang T, Shi J, Lyu L. Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery of MicroRNAs for Fibrotic Diseases. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:53-67. [PMID: 37897655 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that mediate the fibrotic process by regulating multiple targets. MicroRNA-based therapy can restore or inhibit miRNA expression and is expected to become an effective approach to prevent and alleviate fibrotic diseases. However, the safe, targeted, and effective delivery of miRNAs is a major challenge in translating miRNA therapy from bench to bedside. In this review, we briefly describe the pathophysiological process of fibrosis and the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate the progression of fibrosis. Additionally, we summarize the miRNA nanodelivery tools for fibrotic diseases, including chemical modifications and polymer-based, lipid-based, and exosome-based delivery systems. Further clarification of the role of miRNAs in fibrosis and the development of a novel nanodelivery system may facilitate the prevention and alleviation of fibrotic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Rumin Lyu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingpei Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Hong M, Li X, Liu Y, Mo W, Shi B, Chen S, Yan T, Shi Y, Yu D, Zhang S. Molecular Response of Keloids to Ionizing Radiation: Targeting FOXO1 Radiosensitizes Keloids. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:835-844. [PMID: 36083095 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Keloids are benign dermal tumors that arise from abnormal wound healing processes following skin lesions. Surgical excision followed by radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of keloids. Nevertheless, radioresistance remains a serious impediment to treatment efficacy. Investigation of the molecular response of keloids to radiation may contribute to radiosensitizing strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary keloid fibroblasts from human keloids were isolated and irradiated with X-ray. The expression profiles of messenger RNA (mRNA) in nonradiated and irradiated primary keloid fibroblasts were measured by mRNA sequencing analysis. Then, we identified common motifs and corresponding transcription factors of dysregulated mRNAs by using bioinformatic analysis of the proximal promoters. Whereafter, GO and KEGG were used to analyse the functional enrichment of the differentially expressed genes. RESULTS We found that radiation not only suppressed proliferation but also increased cell senescence of primary keloid fibroblasts. There were 184 mRNAs and 204 mRNAs that showed significant changes in 4 and 8 Gy irradiated primary keloid fibroblasts, respectively. Among them, 8 upregulated and 30 downregulated mRNAs showed consistent alterations in 4 and 8 Gy irradiated primary keloid fibroblasts. More importantly, the forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) signaling pathway was involved in the irradiation response. Pretreatment with the FOXO1 signaling inhibitor AS1842856 significantly promoted LDH release, apoptosis and senescence of primary keloid fibroblasts following irradiation. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrated the molecular changes in human keloid fibroblasts in response to radiation, and FOXO1 pathway inhibition is expected to provide a novel strategy for the radiosensitization of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hong
- Laboraotary of Radiation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,State Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Laboraotary of Radiation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboraotary of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Wei Mo
- State Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Laboraotary of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shigao Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Laboraotary of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuhong Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboraotary of Radiation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboraotary of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang 621099, China
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Hu L, Xie X, Xue H, Wang T, Panayi AC, Lin Z, Xiong Y, Cao F, Yan C, Chen L, Cheng P, Zha K, Sun Y, Liu G, Yu C, Hu Y, Tao R, Zhou W, Mi B, Liu G. MiR-1224-5p modulates osteogenesis by coordinating osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation via the Rap1 signaling target ADCY2. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:961-972. [PMID: 35831436 PMCID: PMC9355958 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) broadly regulate normal biological functions of bone and the progression of fracture healing and osteoporosis. Recently, it has been reported that miR-1224-5p in fracture plasma is a potential therapy for osteogenesis. To investigate the roles of miR-1224-5p and the Rap1 signaling pathway in fracture healing and osteoporosis development and progression, we used BMMs, BMSCs, and skull osteoblast precursor cells for in vitro osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis studies. Osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were detected by ALP, ARS, and TRAP staining and bone slice resorption pit assays. The miR-1224-5p target gene was assessed by siRNA-mediated target gene knockdown and luciferase reporter assays. To explore the Rap1 pathway, we performed high-throughput sequencing, western blotting, RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and immunohistochemical staining. In vivo, bone healing was judged by the cortical femoral defect, cranial bone defect and femoral fracture models. Progression of osteoporosis was evaluated by an ovariectomy model and an aged osteoporosis model. We discovered that the expression of miR-1224-5p was positively correlated with fracture healing progression. Moreover, in vitro, overexpression of miR-1224-5p slowed Rankl-induced osteoclast differentiation and promoted osteoblast differentiation via the Rap1-signaling pathway by targeting ADCY2. In addition, in vivo overexpression of miR-1224-5p significantly promoted fracture healing and ameliorated the progression of osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency or aging. Furthermore, knockdown of miRNA-1224-5p inhibited bone regeneration in mice and accelerated the progression of osteoporosis in elderly mice. Taken together, these results identify miR-1224-5p as a key bone osteogenic regulator, which may be a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis and fracture nonunion. A microRNA called miR-1224-5p plays a key role in regulating the balance between bone formation and resorption, and may help in developing therapies for osteoporosis and hard-to-heal fractures. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Levels of miR-1224-5p were known to be low in patients with osteoporosis, caused by imbalanced bone resorption and formation, and high in patients with fractures. Guohui Liu and Bobin Mi at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China, and coworkers hypothesized that miR-1224-5p might affect the bone resorption/formation balance. They found that miR-1224-5p levels correlated with fracture healing progress. Boosting levels in mice made bones stronger and improved fracture healing, whereas suppressing levels impaired fracture healing and accelerated osteoporosis. These results show that miR-1224-5p represents a potential target for treatment for osteoporosis and for bone-healing deficits. A proposed model illustrating (Supplementary materials e) miRNA-1224-5p-mediated bone cell differentiation. Schematic representation of the mechanism through which miRNA-1224-5p mediates bone cell differentiation in fracture healing and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of emergency medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ze Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Faqi Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengcheng Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangkang Zha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Medical Center of Trauma and War Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenyan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranyang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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Parry D, Allison K. Is the future scarless? - Fibroblasts as targets for scarless wound healing: a narrative review. Scars Burn Heal 2022; 8:20595131221095348. [PMID: 36082315 PMCID: PMC9445533 DOI: 10.1177/20595131221095348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Scarless healing is the ideal outcome of wound healing and is exhibited in some species. This narrative review assembles the current understanding of fibroblast heterogenicity along with the latest fibroblast-related targets for scar reduction therapies. Human regenerative wound healing is deemed possible due to the wound regeneration already seen in the early gestation foetus. Methods: This literature narrative review was undertaken by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar to find articles concerning the fibroblast involvement in wound healing. We evaluated and collated these articles to form a consensus of the current understanding of the field. Discussion: This article describes current understanding of fibroblast heterogenicity and involvement in wound healing, focusing on the role of fibroblasts during physiological scarring. We also present the current most promising targets involving fibroblasts in the reduction of scarring and how we can manipulate the behaviour of fibroblasts to mimic the wound regeneration models in the human foetus. These targets include the pro-fibrotic EN1 positive fibroblast lineage, TGFβ1 inhibition, and genetic therapies utilising miRNAs and siRNAs. Conclusion: No therapies are currently available to eradicate scarring; however, treatment options are available to reduce the appearance of scarring. Further research into the heterogenicity and interactions of fibroblasts in both the foetus and adult is needed, and this may lead to the development of novel treatments against scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Parry
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Keith Allison
- South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
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7
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Stevenson AW, Deng Z, Allahham A, Prêle CM, Wood FM, Fear MW. The epigenetics of keloids. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1099-1114. [PMID: 34152651 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Keloid scarring is a fibroproliferative disorder of the skin with unknown pathophysiology, characterised by fibrotic tissue that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound. Therapeutic options are few and commonly ineffective, with keloids very commonly recurring even after surgery and adjunct treatments. Epigenetics, defined as alterations to the DNA not involving the base-pair sequence, is a key regulator of cell functions, and aberrant epigenetic modifications have been found to contribute to many pathologies. Multiple studies have examined many different epigenetic modifications in keloids, including DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. These studies have established that epigenetic dysregulation exists in keloid scars, and successful future treatment of keloids may involve reverting these aberrant modifications back to those found in normal skin. Here we summarise the clinical and experimental studies available on the epigenetics of keloids, discuss the major open questions and future perspectives on the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Deng
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amira Allahham
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Ear Science Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Burns Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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8
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Yin JL, Wu Y, Yuan ZW, Gao XH, Chen HD. Advances in scarless foetal wound healing and prospects for scar reduction in adults. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12916. [PMID: 33058377 PMCID: PMC7653265 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing after mammalian skin injury involves the interaction between numerous cellular constituents and regulatory factors, which together form three overlapping phases: an inflammatory response, a proliferation phase and a remodelling phase. Any slight variation in these three stages can substantially alter the healing process and resultant production of scars. Of particular significance are the mechanisms responsible for the scar‐free phenomenon observed in the foetus. Uncovering such mechanisms would offer great expectations in the treatment of scars and therefore represents an important area of investigation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of studies on injury‐induced skin regeneration within the foetus. The information contained in these studies provides an opportunity for new insights into the treatment of clinical scars based on the cellular and molecular processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Yin
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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9
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Huang Y, Wang Y, Lin L, Wang P, Jiang L, Liu J, Wang X. Overexpression of miR-133a-3p inhibits fibrosis and proliferation of keloid fibroblasts by regulating IRF5 to inhibit the TGF-β/Smad2 pathway. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101563. [PMID: 32205184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Keloid is a benign dermal tumor with excessive hyperplasia and deposition of collagen. As a common tumor suppressor gene, miR-133a-3p has not been studied in keloid. This study will delve into the specific mechanism of miR-133a-3p in keloid. METHODS Normal skin fibroblasts and keloid fibroblasts (KFs) were first isolated from patients' normal skin and keloid, and cells were identified by morphological observation and immunofluorescence. The expressions of miR-133a-3p and extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated markers (Collagen I, III and α smooth muscle activin) were detected by Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and apoptosis of KFs were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Caspase-3 colorimetry. TargetScan predicted target gene for miR-133a-3p was verified by luciferase assay, qRT-PCR and Western Blot (WB). WB was used to study protein expression of TGFBR1, phosphorylated -Smad2 (p-Smad2) and Smad2. Finally, a series of rescue experiments were performed to verify the intervention of target genes on miR-133a-3p. RESULTS MiR-133a-3p was lowly expressed in keloid tissue and KFs. Overexpression of miR-133a-3p inhibited the expression of ECM-associated markers, reduced KFs viability, and promoted apoptosis. It was verified that interference regulator 5 (IRF5) is miR-133a-3p target gene. The rescue experiments showed that IRF5 reversed the effect of miR-133a-3p mimic on inhibiting fibrosis, and reversed the effects on promoting apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Overexpressed miR-133a-3p inhibits fibrosis by down-regulating IRF5 and thus inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad2 pathway. And it also promotes KFs apoptosis and reduces proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, China
| | - Lixin Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, China
| | - Xueming Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, China.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Zhensheng Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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11
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Lingzhi Z, Meirong L, Xiaobing F. Biological approaches for hypertrophic scars. Int Wound J 2019; 17:405-418. [PMID: 31860941 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation is usually the pathological consequence of skin trauma. And hypertrophic scars (HSs) frequently occur in people after being injured deeply. HSs are unusually considered as the result of tissue contraction and excessive extracellular matrix component deposition. Myofibroblasts, as the effector cells, mainly differentiated from fibroblasts, play the crucial role in the pathophysiology of HSs. A number of growth factors, inflammatory cytokines involved in the process of HS occurrence. Currently, with in-depth exploration and clinical research of HSs, various creative and effective treatments budded. In here, we summarize the progress in the molecular mechanism of HSs, and review the available biotherapeutic methods for their pathophysiological characteristics. Additionally, we further prospected that the comprehensive therapy may be more suitable for HS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Lingzhi
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Meirong
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya, China
| | - Fu Xiaobing
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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