SLC46A1 Haplotype with Predicted Functional Impact has Prognostic Value in Breast Carcinoma

The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy

Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.

Identification of Mutator-Derived Alternative Splicing Signatures of Genomic Instability for Improving the Clinical Outcome of Cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND

Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive carcinoma with increasing incidence and poor outcomes worldwide. Genomic instability and alternative splicing (AS) events are hallmarks of carcinoma development and progression. The relationship between genomic instability, AS events, and tumor immune microenvironment remain unclear.

METHODS

The splicing profiles of patients with cholangiocarcinoma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) spliceSeq database. The transcriptomics, simple nucleotide variation (SNP) and clinical data of patients with cholangiocarcinoma were obtained from TCGA database. Patients were divided into genomic unstable (GU-like) and genomic stable (GS-like) groups according to their somatic mutations. Survival-related differential AS events were identified through integrated analysis of splicing profiling and clinical data. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis was used to identify AS events occurring in genes enriched in cancer pathways. Pearson correlation was applied to analyze the splicing factors regulating AS events. CIBERSORT was used identify differentially infiltrating immune cells.

RESULTS

A prognostic signature was constructed with six AS events. Using this signature, the hazard ratio of risk score for overall survival is 2.362. For TCGA patients with cholangiocarcinoma, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.981. CDK11A is a negative regulator of survival associated AS events. Additionally, the CD8+ T cell proportion and PD-L1 expression are upregulated in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and high splicing signatures.

CONCLUSION

We provide a prognostic signature for cholangiocarcinoma overall survival. The CDK11A splicing factor and SLC46A1-39899-ES and IARS-86836-ES AS events may be potential targets for cholangiocarcinoma therapy. Patients with high AS risk score may be more sensitive to anti-PD-L1/PD1 immunotherapy.