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Esian D, Bica C, Vlasa A, Bud E, Stepco E, Bud A, Beresescu L. Retrospective Study Regarding the Correlation between Dental Anxiety and Color Preferences in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:155. [PMID: 38920856 PMCID: PMC11203338 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is recognized as a significant chronic disease which affects the quality of life starting at very young ages and has a very rapid evolution towards pulp complication and loss of dental tissue. Children with a high caries index DMFT are more likely to develop high levels of dental anxiety, which will influence the degree of cooperation during dental procedures. Emotions play an important role in the psychosomatic development of children, and all the factors that contribute to the modeling of these emotional states must be known and taken into consideration. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the association between dental anxiety in children with S-ECC and the color preferences for the components of the dental environment to reduce the levels of dental anxiety during medical visits. MATERIAL AND METHOD For this study, 91 children between 3 and 6 years of age diagnosed with S-ECC were selected from the Pediatric Dentistry Department of UMFST from Targu Mures and from a private dental office. The level of dental anxiety was determined by measuring the pulse rate, and a questionnaire was completed to establish the color preferences for the dental office environment and the dentist's attire. For this purpose, six different colors and their variants with three shades less intensity were chosen by using RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) identification codes for each color. RESULT The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the age of the subjects and dental anxiety levels, but there was no significant correlation between the DMFT score and dental anxiety. Also, the results showed that there was no significant difference between girls and boys when choosing the colors preferred by them for the dental office, but when comparing the colors that represented happiness, significant statistical difference was found between the girls' and boys' groups (p = 0.0039). For all the subjects, the colors associated with happiness were light yellow and pink, while the colors associated with anxiety were red and dark blue. CONCLUSION The data obtained showed that dental anxiety is strongly influenced by age, and an important role in inducing positive emotions is played by the dental environment if dressed in specific colors in order to reduce dental anxiety and create familiar conditions, especially for young children with S-ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Esian
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (D.E.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Cristina Bica
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (D.E.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Alexandru Vlasa
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (D.E.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Eugen Bud
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (D.E.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Elena Stepco
- “Ion Lupan” Department of Pediatric Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Pedodontics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chișinău, Moldova;
| | - Anamaria Bud
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (D.E.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Liana Beresescu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (D.E.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (L.B.)
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Petrović D, Cicvarić O, Šimunović-Erpušina M, Ivančić Jokić N, Bakarčić D, Bučević Sojčić P, Jurić H. The Role of Family Factors in the Development of Dental Anxiety in Children. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:180. [PMID: 38276059 PMCID: PMC10818455 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In the literature, the influence of parents who suffer from dental anxiety and a previous unpleasant experience at the dentist are cited as the two most common causes of dental anxiety in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the development of dental anxiety in children aged 9 to 12 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 children and their accompanying parents/guardians participated in the cross-sectional study. The children were divided into an experimental group, which visited a specialised office for paediatric and preventive dentistry for the examination, and a control group, which visited a primary care dental office. During the visit, the children completed questionnaires on dental anxiety (CFSS-DS). Parents completed a socioeconomic questionnaire and a dental anxiety questionnaire for adults (CDAS). Results: The results showed a statistically significant positive predictor: parental dental anxiety as measured by the CDAS. In addition, the t-test showed that children who visited a specialised dental office did not show a statistically significant increase in dental anxiety compared to children who visited a primary care dental office. Conclusions: With this study, we confirm the influence of parental dental anxiety on the development of dental anxiety in children. The socioeconomic status of the family and the type of dental office do not play a statistically significant role in the development of dental anxiety in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorotea Petrović
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.P.); (M.Š.-E.); (N.I.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Odri Cicvarić
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.P.); (M.Š.-E.); (N.I.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Marija Šimunović-Erpušina
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.P.); (M.Š.-E.); (N.I.J.); (D.B.)
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nataša Ivančić Jokić
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.P.); (M.Š.-E.); (N.I.J.); (D.B.)
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Danko Bakarčić
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.P.); (M.Š.-E.); (N.I.J.); (D.B.)
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Petra Bučević Sojčić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Hrvoje Jurić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- University Dental Clinic, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Pain Relief in Dental Local Anaesthesia with Vibrational Devices: Much Ado about Nothing? A Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041448. [PMID: 36835982 PMCID: PMC9966315 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, vibrational devices have been introduced in order to reduce patient discomfort in some situations such as orofacial pain, orthodontic therapy, and injection of local anaesthetics. This article aims to review the clinical experience given by the use of these devices in local anaesthesia. The literature search was carried out on the main scientific databases for articles up to November 2022. Eligibility criteria were established, and pertinent articles selected. The results were classified by author, year, type of study, sample size and characteristics, purpose of use, type of vibrational device used, protocol used, and outcomes. Nine relevant articles were found. These are split mouth randomized clinical trials which evaluate the reduction in pain perception with different devices and different protocols of use in children, during procedures which require local analgesia by injection, compared with traditional local anaesthesia with premedication based on anaesthetic gels. Different objective and subjective scales of pain and discomfort perception were used. Although results are promising, some data, such as those relating to vibrational intensity and frequency, are not clear. Evaluations on samples varying by age and context of use are necessary to fully define the indications for this type of aid during oral rehabilitation procedures.
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Heaton LJ, Leroux BG, Ramsay DS. Development and Testing of an Interpretational Bias Measure of Dental Anxiety. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.871039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesWe hypothesized that individuals with dental care-related anxiety and fear would interpret ambiguous dental situations more negatively than non-anxious individuals. The objectives of these studies were to develop and test a Measure of Dental Anxiety Interpretational Bias (MoDAIB).MethodsIn the development phase, participants completing an online survey provided qualitative and quantitative assessments of dental scenarios that could be interpreted in either positive or negative ways. Scenarios producing the greatest difference in visual analog (VAS) scores between individuals with high vs. low dental anxiety as measured by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) were included in the MoDAIB. In the testing phase, participants completed an online survey including the newly developed MoDAIB and dental anxiety measures.ResultsIn the development phase, participants (N = 355; 65.6% female) high in dental anxiety (MDAS ≥ 19) gave significantly higher (i.e., more negative) VAS scores to all the dental scenarios than did those low in dental anxiety (p's < 0.05). In the testing phase, the MoDAIB was significantly and positively correlated with the MDAS (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), meaning that those who were high in dental anxiety selected negative interpretations of ambiguous dental scenarios significantly more often than did individuals low in dental anxiety (p's <0.05). The MoDAIB showed good content validity and test-retest reliability.ConclusionsIndividuals high in dental anxiety interpret ambiguous dental situations more negatively than do less anxious individuals. Understanding individuals' interpretational styles may help dental providers avoid miscommunications. Interventions that train dentally anxious patients to consider more positive interpretations may reduce dental anxiety and should be investigated.
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Tomasin MDFM, de Sant'Anna GR, Hoshi AT, Duarte DA. Dental procedures cause stress in children with cerebral palsy? J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e1112-e1117. [PMID: 34824697 PMCID: PMC8601703 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the level of stress during dental care in children and preadolescents with cerebral palsy through biological and psychological parameters. Material and Methods A total of 38 children aged 7 to 12 years were divided into two groups: one with 18 children with cerebral palsy and the other with 20 healthy children (control group). Saliva was noninvasively collected before and after dental care to analyze salivary biomarkers. The Frankl Behavior Scale and the Facial Image Scale were applied. Results After the dental procedure, cortisol levels were significantly higher (p = 0.02) in the cerebral palsy group than in the control group. Salivary alpha-amylase was not significantly different between groups. Regarding psychological parameters, anxiety was significantly higher (p = 0.00012) in the cerebral palsy group than in the control group. Conclusions There was a change in physiological parameters (salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase) and in psychological parameters (Frankl Behavioral Scale and Facial Image Scale) in patients with cerebral palsy, who exhibited higher stress and anxiety levels than did children without cerebral palsy. Key words:Ortisol, physiological stress, dental care, cerebral palsy, dental treatment anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriano-Tomio Hoshi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Western Paraná State University, Brazil
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Sanglard LF, Oliveira LB, Massignan C, Polmann H, De Luca Canto G. Evaluating pain, fear, anxiety or stress/distress using children's drawings in paediatric dentistry: a scoping review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 23:199-222. [PMID: 34699048 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to answer the question: Can children's drawings represent a helping tool so the dentist can better understand the children's pain, fear, anxiety or stress/distress and their perception concerning the dentist and/or dental treatment? METHODS A scoping review was done. Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Grey literature was searched. Cross-sectional, quasi-experimental and qualitative studies in which patients were children and adolescents were included. Two authors independently selected studies to extract data and evaluate methodological quality by using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Data collected included: characteristics of the studies, drawing evaluation/scales, main results and conclusion. RESULTS Out of 1037 papers were identified in search, 25 studies verified the emotional state and the children's perceptions regarding dental environment and the dentist and were included in the narrative synthesis. The spontaneous drawings were useful to identify the children's emotions. Drawings might be considered a helping tool to identify children and adolescents' perception in relation to dental treatment. Few studies used validated instruments. There were methodological disparities among studies. CONCLUSIONS The drawings can be considered a useful tool in identifying children's pain, fear, anxiety or stress/distress and perceptions about the dentist and/or dental treatment. Future studies with standardized analysis of the drawings are recommended. Code https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/U5BJH . "Retrospectively registered".
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Sanglard
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - L B Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Massignan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - H Polmann
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - G De Luca Canto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Grisolia BM, Dos Santos APP, Dhyppolito IM, Buchanan H, Hill K, Oliveira BH. Prevalence of dental anxiety in children and adolescents globally: A systematic review with meta-analyses. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:168-183. [PMID: 33245591 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental anxiety (DA) negatively impacts oral health-related quality of life, and patients with DA usually require more dental treatment time. AIM To describe the global prevalence of DA in children and adolescents and to examine the influence of individual factors (age, sex, and caries experience) and variables related to DA measurement on pooled prevalence. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analyses of observational studies published between 1985 and 2020 (PROSPERO CRD42014013879). RESULTS Searches yielded 1207 unique records; 224 full-text articles were screened, and 50 studies were used in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. No study was considered as having high methodological quality according to 'The Joanna Briggs Institute assessment tool'. Overall pooled DA prevalence was 23.9% (95% CI 20.4, 27.3). Pooled prevalence in preschoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents was as follows: 36.5% (95% CI 23.8, 49.2), 25.8% (95% CI 19.5, 32.1), and 13.3% (95% CI 9.5, 17.0), respectively. DA was significantly more prevalent in preschool children (one study) and schoolchildren (two studies) with caries experience and in female adolescents (one study). The scale used for DA assessment was shown to influence pooled prevalence in preschoolers and adolescents. CONCLUSION DA is a frequent problem in 3- to 18-year-olds worldwide, more prevalent in schoolchildren and preschool children than in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Monteiro Grisolia
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pires Dos Santos
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabel Monteiro Dhyppolito
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heather Buchanan
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kirsty Hill
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Branca Heloisa Oliveira
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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