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Masato D. Editorial for the Special Issue on Advances in Micro and Nano Manufacturing: Process Modeling and Applications, Volume II. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:687. [PMID: 38930657 PMCID: PMC11205583 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In the second volume of the Special Issue on 'Advances in Micro and Nano Manufacturing: Process Modeling and Applications', we continue to witness the dynamic evolution of micro- and nanomanufacturing technologies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Masato
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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Ma L, Zhao X, Hou J, Huang L, Yao Y, Ding Z, Wei J, Hao N. Droplet Microfluidic Devices: Working Principles, Fabrication Methods, and Scale-Up Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301406. [PMID: 38594964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional emulsification method, droplets generated within microfluidic devices exhibit distinct advantages such as precise control of fluids, exceptional monodispersity, uniform morphology, flexible manipulation, and narrow size distribution. These inherent benefits, including intrinsic safety, excellent heat and mass transfer capabilities, and large surface-to-volume ratio, have led to the widespread applications of droplet-based microfluidics across diverse fields, encompassing chemical engineering, particle synthesis, biological detection, diagnostics, emulsion preparation, and pharmaceuticals. However, despite its promising potential for versatile applications, the practical utilization of this technology in commercial and industrial is extremely limited to the inherently low production rates achievable within a single microchannel. Over the past two decades, droplet-based microfluidics has evolved significantly, considerably transitioning from a proof-of-concept stage to industrialization. And now there is a growing trend towards translating academic research into commercial and industrial applications, primarily driven by the burgeoning demands of various fields. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in droplet-based microfluidics, covering the fundamental working principles and the critical aspect of scale-up integration from working principles to scale-up integration. Based on the existing scale-up strategies, the paper also outlines the future research directions, identifies the potential opportunities, and addresses the typical unsolved challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Nanjing Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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Alioglu MA, Yilmaz YO, Gerhard EM, Pal V, Gupta D, Rizvi SHA, Ozbolat IT. A Versatile Photocrosslinkable Silicone Composite for 3D Printing Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2024; 9:2301858. [PMID: 38883438 PMCID: PMC11178280 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202301858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Embedded printing has emerged as a valuable tool for fabricating complex structures and microfluidic devices. Currently, an ample of amount of research is going on to develop new materials to advance its capabilities and increase its potential applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel, transparent, printable, photocrosslinkable, and tuneable silicone composite that can be utilized as a support bath or an extrudable ink for embedded printing. Its properties can be tuned to achieve ideal rheological properties, such as optimal self-recovery and yield stress, for use in 3D printing. When used as a support bath, it facilitated the generation microfluidic devices with circular channels of diameter up to 30 μm. To demonstrate its utility, flow focusing microfluidic devices were fabricated for generation of Janus microrods, which can be easily modified for multitude of applications. When used as an extrudable ink, 3D printing of complex-shaped constructs were achieved with integrated electronics, which greatly extends its potential applications towards soft robotics. Further, its biocompatibility was tested with multiple cell types to validate its applicability for tissue engineering. Altogether, this material offers a myriad of potential applications (i.e., soft robotics, microfluidics, bioprinting) by providing a facile approach to develop complicated 3D structures and interconnected channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mecit Altan Alioglu
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yasar Ozer Yilmaz
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ethan Michael Gerhard
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Vaibhav Pal
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deepak Gupta
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Syed Hasan Askari Rizvi
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey 17033, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana 01130, Turkey
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Ercetin A, Aslantaş K, Özgün Ö, Perçin M, Chandrashekarappa MPG. Optimization of Machining Parameters to Minimize Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness in Micro-Milling of Mg13Sn Alloy. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1590. [PMID: 37630126 PMCID: PMC10456406 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive study investigates the micro-milling of a Mg13Sn alloy, a material of considerable interest in various high-precision applications, such as biomedical implants. The main objective of the study was to explore the optimizations of variable feed per tooth (fz), cutting speed (Vc), and depth of cut (ap) parameters on the key outcomes of the micro-milling process. A unique experimental setup was employed, employing a spindle capable of achieving up to 60,000 revolutions per minute. Additionally, the study leveraged linear slides backed by micro-step motors to facilitate precise axis movements, thereby maintaining a resolution accuracy of 0.1 μm. Cutting forces were accurately captured by a mini dynamometer and subsequently evaluated based on the peak to valley values for Fx (tangential force) and Fy (feed force). The study results revealed a clear and complex interplay between the varied cutting parameters and their subsequent impacts on the cutting forces and surface roughness. An increase in feed rate and depth of cut significantly increased the cutting forces. However, the cutting forces were found to decrease noticeably with the elevation of cutting speed. Intriguingly, the tangential force (Fx) was consistently higher than the feed force (Fy). Simultaneously, the study determined that the surface roughness, denoted by Sa values, increased in direct proportion to the feed rate. It was also found that the Sa surface roughness values decreased with the increase in cutting speed. This study recommends a parameter combination of fz = 5 µm/tooth feed rate, Vc = 62.8 m/min cutting speed, and ap = 400 µm depth of cut to maintain a Sa surface roughness value of less than 1 µm while ensuring an optimal material removal rate and machining time. The results derived from this study offer vital insights into the micro-milling of Mg13Sn alloys and contribute to the current body of knowledge on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ercetin
- Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Maritime Faculty, Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandırma 10200, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Aslantaş
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey;
| | - Özgür Özgün
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Perçin
- Department of Machine and Metal Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey;
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Li S, Ming P, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yan L. Concurrently Fabricating Precision Meso- and Microscale Cross-Scale Arrayed Metal Features and Components by Using Wire-Anode Scanning Electroforming Technique. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050979. [PMID: 37241603 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the thickness uniformity of the electroformed metal layer and components, a new electroforming technique is proposed-wire-anode scanning electroforming (WAS-EF). WAS-EF uses an ultrafine inert anode so that the interelectrode voltage/current is superimposed upon a very narrow ribbon-shaped area at the cathode, thus ensuring better localization of the electric field. The anode of WAS-EF is in constant motion, which reduces the effect of the current edge effect. The stirring paddle of WAS-EF can affect the fluid flow in the microstructure, and improve the mass transfer effect inside the structure. The simulation results show that, when the depth-to-width ratio decreases from 1 to 0.23, the depth of fluid flow in the microstructure can increase from 30% to 100%. Experimental results show that. Compared with the traditional electroforming method, the single metal feature and arrayed metal components prepared by WAS-EF are respectively improved by 15.5% and 11.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Pingmei Ming
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Junzhong Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Liang Yan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
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Wittek CGR, Steinhoff L, Raumel S, Reißfelder M, Dencker F, Wurz MC. Process Development for Batch Production of Micro-Milling Tools Made of Silicon Carbide by Means of the Dry Etching Process. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:580. [PMID: 36984985 PMCID: PMC10058442 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Downsized and complex micro-machining structures have to meet quality requirements concerning geometry and convince through increasing functionality. The development and use of cutting tools in the sub-millimeter range can meet these demands and contribute to the production of intelligent components in biomedical technology, optics or electronics. This article addresses the development of double-edged micro-cutters, which consist of a two-part system of cutter head and shaft. The cutting diameters are between 50 and 200 μm. The silicon carbide cutting heads are manufactured from the solid material using microsystem technology. The substrate used can be structured uniformly via photolithography, which means that 5200 homogeneous micro-milling heads can be produced simultaneously. This novel batch approach represents a contrast to conventionally manufactured micro-milling cutters. The imprint is taken by means of reactive ion etching using a mask made of electroplated nickel. Within this dry etching process, characteristic values such as the etch rate and flank angle of the structures are critical and will be compared in a parameter analysis. At optimal parameters, an anisotropy factor of 0.8 and an etching rate of 0.34 µm/min of the silicon carbide are generated. Finally, the milling heads are diced and joined. In the final machining tests, the functionality is investigated and any signs of wear are evaluated. A tool life of 1500 mm in various materials could be achieved. This and the milling quality achieved are in the range of conventional micro-milling cutters, which gives a positive outlook for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian-G. R. Wittek
- Institute of Micro Production Technology (IMPT), Leibniz University Hanover, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Lukas Steinhoff
- Institute of Micro Production Technology (IMPT), Leibniz University Hanover, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Selina Raumel
- Institute of Micro Production Technology (IMPT), Leibniz University Hanover, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | | | - Folke Dencker
- Institute of Micro Production Technology (IMPT), Leibniz University Hanover, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Marc C. Wurz
- Institute of Micro Production Technology (IMPT), Leibniz University Hanover, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
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Soriano Gonzalez L, Medina Aguirre F, Soo SL, Hood R, Novovic D. Influence of Size Effect in Milling of a Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloy. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:313. [PMID: 36838013 PMCID: PMC9961599 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper details an experimental investigation on the influence of the size effect when slot-milling a CMSX-4 single-crystal nickel-based superalloy using 1 mm- and 4 mm-diameter TiAlN-coated tungsten carbide (WC) end-mills. With all tools having similar cutting-edge radii (re) of ~6 µm, the feed rate was varied between 25-250 mm/min while the cutting speed and axial depth of cut were kept constant at 126 m/min and 100 µm, respectively. Tests involving the Ø 4 mm end-mills exhibited a considerable elevation in specific cutting forces exceeding 500 GPa, as well as irregular chip morphology and a significant increase in burr size, when operating at the lowest feed rate of 25 mm/min. Correspondingly for the Ø 1 mm micro-end-mills, high levels of specific cutting forces up to ~1000 GPa together with severe material ploughing and grooving at the base of the machined slots were observed. This suggests the prevalence of the size effect in the chip formation mechanism as feed per tooth/uncut chip thickness decreases. The minimum uncut chip thickness (hmin) when micromilling was subsequently estimated to be less than 0.10 re, while this increased to between 0.10-0.42 re when machining with the larger Ø 4 mm tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Soriano Gonzalez
- Machining Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fernanda Medina Aguirre
- Machining Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sein Leung Soo
- Machining Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard Hood
- Machining Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Donka Novovic
- Machining Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Manufacturing Technology, Rolls-Royce Plc, More Lane, Derby DE24 8BJ, UK
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O’Toole L, Fang FZ. Optimal tool design in micro-milling of difficult-to-machine materials. ADVANCES IN MANUFACTURING 2023; 11:222-247. [PMID: 37128239 PMCID: PMC10140131 DOI: 10.1007/s40436-022-00418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The limitations of significant tool wear and tool breakage of commercially available fluted micro-end mill tools often lead to ineffective and inefficient manufacturing, while surface quality and geometric dimensions remain unacceptably poor. This is especially true for machining of difficult-to-machine (DTM) materials, such as super alloys and ceramics. Such conventional fluted micro-tool designs are generally down scaled from the macro-milling tool designs. However, simply scaling such designs from the macro to micro domain leads to inherent design flaws, such as poor tool rigidity, poor tool strength and weak cutting edges, ultimately ending in tool failure. Therefore, in this article a design process is first established to determine optimal micro-end mill tool designs for machining some typical DTM materials commonly used in manufacturing orthopaedic implants and micro-feature moulds. The design process focuses on achieving robust stiffness and mechanical strength to reduce tool wear, avoid tool chipping and tool breakage in order to efficiently machine very hard materials. Then, static stress and deflection finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out to identify stiffness and rigidity of the tool design in relation to the maximum deformations, as well as the Von Mises stress distribution at the cutting edge of the designed tools. Following analysis and further optimisation of the FEA results, a verified optimum tool design is established for micro-milling DTM materials. An experimental study is then carried out to compare the optimum tool design to commercial tools, in regards to cutting forces, tool wear and surface quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcan O’Toole
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Feng-Zhou Fang
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Laboratory of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
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Chen S, Yang S, Cheung CF, Duan D, Ho LT, Jiang Z, Kang C. Fabrication of the high-precision micro-structure array using a phase shift modulation of superimposed oscillation in ultra-precision grinding. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:44321-44338. [PMID: 36523110 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Various micro-structure surface texturing methods have been used to produce optical functional surface in the grinding, such as the textured grinding wheel, wheel path control and off-spindle-axis grinding. However, those grinding technologies are inherently challenged to employ in large-scale surface grinding due to the extremely high requirement for wheel cutting profile dressing. In this study, a novel phase shift modulation based on wheel oscillation motion was proposed to generate the micro-structure array in ultra-precision grinding. The phase shift effect involved in the surface micro-structure generation is investigated, in which the role of the second phase shift on superimposed mode and micro-waviness forms is discussed. A theoretical model based on the tool superimposed oscillation is established to study the micro-structure texture generation mechanism by considering the second phase shift. The influence of modulation frequency in the case of phase shift and out of phase shift on the surface texture generation both for the striation pattern and micro-structure is compared to clarify the transition between the continuous grooves and the discrete micro-structure array. The study indicates that the phase shift modulation represents a novel paradigm for fabricating micro-structure array with considerable capability and high efficiency in ultra-precision grinding.
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Li H, Zhang J, Ma W, Liu Y, Zhao X, Hu Z, Wang X, Sheng M, Sun T. Controlled Continuous Patterning of Spherical Stainless Steel by Multi-Axis Linkage Laser Milling. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1338. [PMID: 36014260 PMCID: PMC9413384 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While laser surface texturing is promising for the fabrication of planar surface microstructures, the continuously patterning with micrometer accuracy of non-planar surface on miniature parts with large curvature by laser ablation is challenging. In the present work, we demonstrate the feasibility of applying the proposed multi-axis laser milling in continuous patterning of 25 mm diameter spherical stainless steel with high uniformity and precision, based on a strategy of simultaneously adjusting the position and the posture of laser-surface interaction point for enabling the constant coincidence of laser beam with ablated surface normal. Specifically, a miniaturized five-axis platform for controlling workpiece motion with high degree-of-freedom is designed and integrated with a fixed nanosecond pulsed laser beam operating at 1064 nm. The precise path of laser-surface interaction point is derived based on the projection and transformation of pre-determined planar pattern on spherical surface. Meanwhile, a virtual prototype of the multi-axis laser milling with embedded interpolation algorithm is established, which enables the generation of NC codes for subsequent laser milling experiments. Furthermore, the sampling of laser processing parameters particularly for spherical surface is carried out. Finally, complex patterns are continuously structured on the spherical surface by employing the proposed multi-axis laser milling method, and subsequent characterization demonstrates both long range uniformity and local high accuracy of the fabricated patterns. Current work provides a feasible method for the continuous laser surface texturing of non-planar surfaces for miniature parts with large curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuesen Zhao
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhenjiang Hu
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Min Sheng
- Wuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Experimental Optimization of Process Parameters in CuNi18Zn20 Micromachining. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111293. [PMID: 34832705 PMCID: PMC8623307 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultraprecision micromachining is a technology suitable to fabricate miniaturized and complicated 3-dimensional microstructures and micromechanisms. High geometrical precision and elevated surface finishing are both key requirements in several manufacturing sectors. Electronics, biomedicals, optics and watchmaking industries are some of the fields where micromachining finds applications. In the last years, the integration between product functions, the miniaturization of the features and the increasing of geometrical complexity are trends which are shared by all the cited industrial sectors. These tendencies implicate higher requirements and stricter geometrical and dimensional tolerances in machining. From this perspective, the optimization of the micromachining process parameters assumes a crucial role in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. An interesting example is offered by the high-end horology field. The optimization of micro machining is indispensable to achieve excellent surface finishing combined with high precision. The cost-saving objective can be pursued by limiting manual post-finishing and by complying the very strict quality standards directly in micromachining. A micro-machining optimization technique is presented in this a paper. The procedure was applied to manufacturing of main-plates and bridges of a wristwatch movement. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were varied in an experimental factorial plan in order to investigate their correlation with some fundamental properties of the machined features. The dimensions, the geometry and the surface finishing of holes, pins and pockets were evaluated as results of the micromachining optimization. The identified correlations allow to manufacture a wristwatch movement in conformity with the required technical characteristics and by considering the cost and time constraints.
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