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Martín-Cuevas C, Ramos-Herrero VD, Crespo-Facorro B, Sánchez-Hidalgo AC. Prenatal risk factors and postnatal cannabis exposure: Assessing dual models of schizophrenia-like rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105409. [PMID: 37783300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic and environmental alterations, especially during prenatal stages. On the other hand, cannabis consumption in adolescence has been also linked to an increased risk of developing SCZ. The combination of both hits has been proposed as the dual hit hypothesis of SCZ. We systematically reviewed prenatal environmental alterations and cannabis consumption during adolescence that are associated with an increased risk of SCZ, following the PRISMA model. The analysis focused on dual animal models where the first hit is prenatal environmental exposure and the second hit consists of postnatal cannabis exposure. The articles were evaluated by three independent reviewers based on inclusion criteria. We extracted the first author´s name, year, model species, sex and analysis. The articles reported on dual murine models and their effects on weight, behavior, genetics, electrophysiology and brain structure and function. We conclude that the defects caused by the dual hits depend on the sex of the model, as well as type of hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Martín-Cuevas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos AV, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor Darío Ramos-Herrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos AV, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana C Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos AV, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Lalanza JF, Snoeren EMS. The cafeteria diet: A standardized protocol and its effects on behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:92-119. [PMID: 33309818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health risk, with junk food consumption playing a central role in weight gain, because of its high palatability and high-energy nutrients. The Cafeteria (CAF) diet model for animal experiments consists of the same tasty but unhealthy food products that people eat (e.g. hot dogs and muffins), and considers variety, novelty and secondary food features, such as smell and texture. This model, therefore, mimics human eating patterns better than other models. In this paper, we systematically review studies that have used a CAF diet in behavioral experiments and propose a standardized CAF diet protocol. The proposed diet is ad libitum and voluntary; combines different textures, nutrients and tastes, including salty and sweet products; and it is rotated and varied. Our summary of the behavioral effects of CAF diet show that it alters meal patterns, reduces the hedonic value of other rewards, and tends to reduce stress and spatial memory. So far, no clear effects of CAF diet were found on locomotor activity, impulsivity, coping and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume F Lalanza
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Eelke M S Snoeren
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Regional Health Authority of North Norway, Norway.
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Ganesh S, Cortes-Briones J, Ranganathan M, Radhakrishnan R, Skosnik PD, D’Souza DC. Psychosis-Relevant Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Mega Analysis of Individual Participant-Data from Human Laboratory Studies. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:559-570. [PMID: 32385508 PMCID: PMC7710917 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing interest in the relationship between cannabinoids and psychosis. While individual human laboratory studies have been critical in demonstrating that cannabinoids (e.g., delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) can induce acute transient psychosis-like effects in healthy human volunteers, combining data from multiple studies offers a fine-grained view of these effects. METHODS THC-induced psychosis-relevant effects were examined using a data repository of 10 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover studies with 400 i.v. THC infusions in healthy human volunteers. The Positive and Negative Syndrome scale was used to measure psychotomimetic effects. The profile of symptoms, frequency of a response, its relationship to THC dose and substance use, latent structure in Positive and Negative Syndrome scale response, and the relationships between psychotomimetic and perceptual alteration symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS Clinically meaningful increases in positive symptoms were noted in 44.75% infusions; conceptual disorganization, hallucinations, blunted affect, somatic concern, motor retardation, and poor attention were the items most frequently altered by THC. The increase in Positive and Negative Syndrome scale positive symptoms was positively associated with THC dose (beta = 11.13, SE = 4.94, Wald χ 2 = 19.88, P < .001) and negatively associated with frequent cannabis use (beta = -0.575, SE = 0.14, Wald χ 2 = 18.13, P < .001). Furthermore, positive symptoms were strongly correlated with Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale perceptual alterations score (rs = 0.514, P < .001). CONCLUSION Intravenous administration of THC consistently induces psychotomimetic effects that include symptoms across Positive and Negative Syndrome scale domains. Moreover, healthy individuals who frequently use cannabis have a blunted psychotomimetic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ganesh
- Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jose Cortes-Briones
- Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Rajiv Radhakrishnan
- Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Patrick D Skosnik
- Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Deepak Cyril D’Souza
- Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Correspondence: Prof Deepak Cyril D’Souza, MD, Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516 ()
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Schwab SG. Dissecting the molecular biology of schizophrenia: A call for emphasising genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity: commentary on Torrey and Yolken (this issue). Psychiatry Res 2020; 287:112430. [PMID: 31200949 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle G Schwab
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia.
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