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Wafy MN, Hassan EA, Ahmed KA, Aboelmaaty AM, Abu-Seida AM. Ultrasonographic and histopathologic features associated with common ocular diseases in donkeys (Equus asinus). Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1479-1491. [PMID: 36941479 PMCID: PMC10485121 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of reports describing ultrasonographic and histopathologic features of ocular diseases in donkeys. The present study aimed to document ultrasonographic and histopathologic changes associated with common ocular diseases in donkeys. The study included 45 donkeys (64 eyes) with ocular diseases that had reached the end of their working lives and requested to be used for educational and research purposes. Complete clinical, ophthalmic, ultrasonographic, gross pathologic and histopathologic examinations were included. Ocular abnormalities were documented, tabulated, and analyzed. Seventy-five ocular abnormalities were diagnosed with multiple involvements within the same eye including anterior uveitis (n = 13; 22.8%), cataract (n = 57; 76%), retinal detachment (n = 3; 4%), lens and phthisis bulbi (n = 2; 2.6%). Descriptive ultrasonographic findings of ocular abnormalities were included. Gross pathologic and histopathology findings confirmed the ultrasonography findings. Ultrasonography provided a clinically useful tool offering insight into detailed intraocular structures especially with opacification of the dioptric structures of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N Wafy
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elham A Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal M Aboelmaaty
- Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Abu-Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Stas EKL, Hermans H, Slenter IJM, Veraa S, Ensink JM. Noninvasive diode laser-an effective and safe treatment of iris cysts in 46 eyes of 35 horses. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:205-213. [PMID: 35575001 PMCID: PMC10083948 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iris cysts in horses are often asymptomatic and noticed incidentally. However, cysts can cause local corneal oedema and erratic behaviour like shying, decreased performance and head-shaking. OBJECTIVES To describe the use of diode laser as a noninvasive treatment option for iris cysts in the horse and to document factors influencing its efficacy, associated complications, long-term outcome and rate of recurrence. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Case records of horses treated for iris cysts by diode laser at the Utrecht University Equine Clinic were reviewed between 2008 and 2020. Diagnosis was based on ophthalmic and ultrasonographic evaluation. Long-term follow-up was obtained in two phases, a telephone survey with the owner and a photographic re-evaluation of the treated eyes. RESULTS Thirty-five horses were included, with a total of 46 eyes treated. One day after diode laser treatment (short-term), 35/46 treated eyes had a good decrease in cyst size, 7/46 had a moderate effect, 1/46 had a minimal effect, 1/46 had no effect, and in two cases the effect was unspecified. The decrease in size after diode laser treatment in polycystic eyes (odds ratio [OR] 0.381, 95% CI 0.1530-0.724), p = 0.001), thick-walled cysts (OR = 0.139; CI = 0.023-0.726, p = 0.02) and hyperplastic corpora nigra (OR = 0.081; CI = 0.004-0.528, p = 0.03) was significantly less satisfactory, with ORs of 0.381, 0.139 and 0.081, respectively. Minor complications, such as mild reactive uveitis, were reported in 8/46 (17%) eyes. On long-term follow-up (median 19 months; IQR 25.5), clinical signs had diminished or disappeared in most cases (93%) and 83% of the owners would recommend the treatment. Based on long-term photographic re-evaluation (median 32.5 months; IQR 49.75), 2/16 cases of recurrence were seen. MAIN LIMITATIONS Retrospective design, follow-up by telephone questionnaire and photographic re-evaluation. Loss to follow-up in the photographic re-evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Both short- and long-term results indicate diode laser treatment is a useful and safe option for iris cyst size reduction, with a low risk of recurrence. Presurgical ultrasonography is recommended to assess the feasibility of treatment and to allow for better surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuël K L Stas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Equine Sciences, Equine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Utrecht University, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Hermans
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Equine Sciences, Equine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Utrecht University, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge J M Slenter
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Surgery of Companion Animals, Ophthalmology, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Veraa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Imaging, Utrecht University, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M Ensink
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Equine Sciences, Equine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Utrecht University, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abdelbaset-Ismail A, Aref M, Ezzeldein S, Eisa E, Gugjoo MB, Abdelaal A, Emam H, Al Syaad K, Ahmed AE, Alshati A, Abd El Raouf M. Ultrasound, Dacryocystorhinography and Morphological Examination of Normal Eye and Lacrimal Apparatus of the Donkey (Equus asinus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020132. [PMID: 35049756 PMCID: PMC8772537 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated normal macromorphological and ultrasonographic features of the eye and lacrimal gland, as well as normal dacryocystorhinography of the donkey (Equus asinus) in Egypt. A total of 36 donkeys of different ages, weights, and sexes were included in the study: 21 live animals for ultrasonography and dacryocystorhinography, and 15 cadaver skulls for morphological anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus. The ultrasound biometric values of the eye were 33.7 ± 1.7 mm for axial globe length (AGL), 39.8 ± 2.1 mm for globe diameter (GD), 10.8 ± 0.7 mm for lens thickness (LT), 3.2 ± 0.7 mm for anterior chamber depth (ACD), and 19.3 ± 1.6 mm for vitreous chamber depth (VCD). The lacrimal gland was recognized as a hypoechogenic structure with an anechoic core, located at the dorsolateral aspect of the orbit, and ovoid in shape. The mean NLD length was 193.0 ± 9.8 mm by radiography and 206.0 ± 20.4 mm by gross assessment. One NL orifice (NLO) was noticed on each side, with a diameter of 3.0 ± 0.1 mm and located 12.1 ± 2.1 mm from the dorsal commissure of the nostril. These results may act as the baseline for proper management of conditions of the eye and lacrimal apparatus in the donkey in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelbaset-Ismail
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.-I.); (S.E.); (E.E.)
| | - Mohamed Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Shimaa Ezzeldein
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.-I.); (S.E.); (E.E.)
| | - Eslam Eisa
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.-I.); (S.E.); (E.E.)
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India;
| | - Ahmed Abdelaal
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Hassan Emam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Khalid Al Syaad
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Director of the Research Center, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (A.A.)
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Ali Alshati
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mustafa Abd El Raouf
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.-I.); (S.E.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-01141-151863
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Oriá AP, Estrela-Lima A, Teixeira LBC, Dubielzig RR, Ofri R. Atypical free-floating iridociliary pigmented epithelial cysts and secondary glaucoma in a caiman (Caiman latirostris). Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:414-418. [PMID: 33590970 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of chronic ocular trauma that resulted in fixed and free-floating, pigmented epithelial iridociliary cysts, inflammation, and secondary glaucoma in a caiman (Caiman latirostris). A 20- to 25-year-old male caiman was presented with phthisis bulbi in the right eye, and congested episcleral vessels, corneal leukoma, disorganized anterior chamber, multifocal anterior synechia, and elevated intraocular pressure in the left eye. Ocular ultrasound of the left eye revealed round structures dispersed in the anterior and posterior chambers and vitreous cavity. Bilateral enucleation was performed, and gross pathology of the left eye revealed multiple pigmented cysts attached to the iris and posterior corneal surface causing marked distortion of the anterior uvea, and free-floating in the vitreous cavity. Histopathology demonstrated heavily pigmented cystic structures of iridociliary epithelium origin carpeting the anterior segment surfaces and causing obstruction of the iridocorneal angles, leading to secondary glaucoma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of iridociliary cysts in wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Pontes Oriá
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin - COPLOW, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard R Dubielzig
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin - COPLOW, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ron Ofri
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Lores M, Rakestraw P, De Rijck M, Yarbrough T. Use of autologous fascia lata graft to repair a complex corneal ulcer in a mare. Ir Vet J 2020; 73:7. [PMID: 32391144 PMCID: PMC7201622 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-020-00160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Application of an autogenous fascia lata graft in the treatment of keratomalacia in the horse has not been reported. The present case describes the use of an autologous fascia lata graft to surgically treat a complicated corneal ulcer in a horse. Case presentation A 12-year-old Arabian mare was admitted to Sharjah Equine Hospital with a history of right eye ulcerative keratitis of unknown duration. Following a week of aggressive medical treatment, the condition deteriorated and a keratectomy and pedicle conjunctival graft were performed. A week later, the conjunctival graft partially dehisced and the ulcer continued to degrade. In attempting to preserve the integrity of the globe a second grafting procedure was performed when a segment of fascia lata harvested from the ipsilateral hind leg was grafted onto the corneal lesion. Response to surgery was positive and the mare was discharged from the hospital on Day 31 post diagnosis (17 days after the second surgery) with a comfortable eye. Follow-up12 months later revealed a comfortable but only partially visual eye due to corneal scarring. Conclusion Although the graft actually failed from the point of view of tissue integration, fascia lata appears to be a readily available, effective and affordable autografting material and we believe this technique has potential for short term physical and structural support of severe malacic or other complex corneal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lores
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, P.O. Box 29858, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter Rakestraw
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, P.O. Box 29858, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mieke De Rijck
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, P.O. Box 29858, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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